scholarly journals Education and demography: a review of world population and human capital in the 21st century

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 037-053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Rees
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World Population

scholarly journals DIREITO & DESENVOLVIMENTO: O PAPEL DO DIREITO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Ivo Teixeira Gico Junior
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human History ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Capital Humano

A pobreza é a regra na história da humanidade. Mesmo hoje, em pleno século XXI a maior parte da população mundial vive em condições de pobreza. Normalmente, a explicação oferecida para tamanho subdesenvolvimento é a carência de investimentos, políticas macroeconômicas deletérias ou falta de capital humano. A abordagem neoinstitucionalista defende que tais explicações são secundárias. O subdesenvolvimento decorre, em última instância, das escolhas que cada sociedade faz e tais escolhas são formatadas e limitadas pelas instituições (regras e normas) que estruturam a interação humana em uma dada comunidade. A principal instituição formal a regular as interações humanas em toda e qualquer economia capitalista desenvolvida é o direito. O presente artigo se propõe a discutir justamente o papel do sistema jurídico e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento. Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento. Instituições. Direito. JEL: O1, O12, O17, K0 Abstract: Poverty is the rule in human history. Even today, in the 21st century, most of the world population lives in poverty. Many academics explain the massive underdevelopment as a result of lack of investment, harmful macroeconomic policies or lack of human capital. The neoinstitutionalist approach suggests that those explanations are secondary. At the end of the day, underdevelopment results directly from each society’ choices and those choices are formatted and limited by institutions (rules and norms) that structure human interaction within a given community. The main institution to regulate human interaction in any development capitalist economy is the law. This paper discusses the role of law and its contribution to development. Keywords: Development. Institutions. Law.

Global Earthquake Fatalities and Population

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Holzer ◽  
James C. Savage
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Background Rate ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
Human Death ◽  
Earthquake Fatalities

Modern global earthquake fatalities can be separated into two components: (1) fatalities from an approximately constant annual background rate that is independent of world population growth and (2) fatalities caused by earthquakes with large human death tolls, the frequency of which is dependent on world population. Earthquakes with death tolls greater than 100,000 (and 50,000) have increased with world population and obey a nonstationary Poisson distribution with rate proportional to population. We predict that the number of earthquakes with death tolls greater than 100,000 (50,000) will increase in the 21st century to 8.7±3.3 (20.5±4.3) from 4 (7) observed in the 20th century if world population reaches 10.1 billion in 2100. Combining fatalities caused by the background rate with fatalities caused by catastrophic earthquakes ( >100,000 fatalities) indicates global fatalities in the 21st century will be 2.57±0.64 million if the average post-1900 death toll for catastrophic earthquakes (193,000) is assumed.

The Dynamics of Technical Progress in Some Developing and Developed Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 172-194
Author(s):  
Weshah A. Razzak ◽  
Belkacem Laabas ◽  
El Mostafa Bentour
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
New Ideas

We calibrate a semi-endogenous growth model to study the transitional dynamic and the properties of balanced growth paths of technological progress. In the model, long-run growth arises from global discoveries of new ideas, which depend on population growth. The transitional dynamic consists of the growth rates of capital intensity, labor, educational attainment (human capital), and research and ideas in excess of world population growth. Most of the growth in technical progress in a large number of developed and developing countries is accounted for by transitional dynamics.

Enhancing Student Productivity Using a Creativity Tutorial

2011 ◽  
pp. 915-923
Author(s):  
Monty McNair ◽  
Caroline Howard ◽  
Paul Watkins ◽  
Indira Guzman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Harvard Business Review ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Creative Talent ◽  
Society Today

Survival in the 21st century marketplace often depends on the creativity of organizational employees (Beckett, 1992; Hermann, 1993; Johnson, 1992; Kanter, 1982). Many historians attribute the emergence of the United States (US) as a twentieth century superpower to the creativity of its population (Florida, 2005; Ehrlich, 2007). They warn that the United States may be losing its dominance due to declines in the ability to attract and sustain human capital including the creative talent critical for innovation (Florida, 2004; Florida, 2005; Ehrlich, 2007). In his Harvard Business Review article, America’s Looming Creativity Crisis, Richard Florida of Carnegie Mellon describes the importance of creativity to the wealth of a society: “Today, the terms of competition revolve around a central axis: a nation’s ability to mobilize, attract and retain human creative talent.“ In other words, nations and their citizens depend on the creativity of their residents to ensure their economic prosperity.

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