human death
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa H Abdelhady ◽  
heba A yassa ◽  
Marwa M Mahmoud ◽  
Eman S Shaltout

Abstract Background: The use of cosmetics is widespread around the world, particularly in Arabian countries. Some cosmetics as hair dyes are used since very young ages. Hair dye has been one of the pollution resources of heavy metals. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the percentage of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) and heavy metals in various hair dyes sold in Aswan, Egypt. Methods: The study was done on four (n = 4) types of hair dyes commonly used in Aswan. Two analytical methods were used as (GC/MS and EDX). PPD was detected using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the metal components of these dyes were determined using energy dispersive x-ray (E.D.X.). Results: The concentration of PPD was very high in SHD (99.706%) and tancho HD (99.80%) followed by bigen cream HD (5.563%) and finally bigen powder HD (0.492% ). The heavy metals content was arranged in decreasing order as follow: Al > Ca > Zn > Cu > Cl > Pb> Fe > Sc> Cr > Mn in SHD, Si > Mg> Cu > Zn > Cl > Ca in tancho HD, Pb> Cu > Zn >Si >K > Al > Ca > Cr in bigen powder HD and Al > Cu > Cl > Si > Zn > Ca > Pb> Cr in bigen cream HD. Conclusion: Poisoning with (PPD)-containing hair dye is emerging as a method of deliberate self-harm in various developing countries including the Middle-East, and it is accompanied with high human death rate specially among females. They were also polluted with heavy metals, therefore doctors and consumers should be aware of their potential toxicity as well as the symptoms of systemic poisoning. Even if it isn't stated on the label, many hair dyes contain PPD and heavy metals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ali Sahaf ◽  
Mostafa Mohammadi ◽  
Ali Abdoli

Nowadays, one of the main causes of human death is driving accidents. Across the world 1.2 million people die and several million people get injured annually as a result of road accidents. One of the main solutions that is important in resolving the problem of accidents is identifying the factors and their role and impact and the contribution of each in the accident. The stopping sight distance in the route is one of the initial factors in the driver’s performance error as well as the occurrence of an accident, financial losses, and deaths. The geometric design of roads is generally designed according to two-dimensional rules and regulations. Hence, today, given the remarkable advances in computer science and programming, there are many possibilities for 3D modeling of the route. Therefore, the calculation of the stopping sight distance should be based on existing facts and new scientific achievements. On the contrary, the stopping sight distance is one of the factors affecting driving crashes; therefore, this paper tries to investigate the accident occurrence probability in other spots of the existing route by calculating 3D stopping sight distance and using drivers’ free flow speed, as well as using the GIS software. In this way, the results of this study can pave the way for improving the geometric design of existing roads as well as prioritizing the correction of the accidental points of existing routes.


2021 ◽  
pp. 209660832110224
Author(s):  
Jinling Tang

The COVID-19 pandemic provides us with a rare opportunity to deeply examine the validity of the construction of modern medicine, which is armed by science, and focus more on technologies than on people’s values and more on new ideas than on conventional wisdom. The world’s responses to the COVID-19 emergency have revealed a badly weakened public health system – one of the three pillars of medicine, the other two being basic medicine and clinical medicine. A 100 years ago, public health was the only effective measure for combating infectious diseases, which were then the main cause of human death. It is still a decisive weapon against COVID-19 and other communicable diseases alike, but was barely recognized and trusted at the beginning of the pandemic by the general public and even some international strategists. However, the epidemic has been effectively contained in China by non-pharmacological public health measures, which saved valuable time for the development of vaccines in the country and probably hundreds of thousands of lives as well. Public health aims to improve the health of the entire population by using societal methods. It is not simply a medical issue, and building a strong public health system requires broad participation from various sections of society.


Author(s):  
Ahmed Refaat Ragab ◽  
Mohammad Sadeq Ale Isaac ◽  
Marco A. Luna ◽  
Pablo Flores Peña

In Europe, fire represents an important issue for a lot of researchers due to economic losses, environmental disasters, and human death. In the last decade, the European parliament sheds light upon this problem by dealing with the community project” Forest Focus”. Thus, researchers and scientific research departments of European companies begin to work on solving and creating different techniques to deal with such a problem, these research centers found that the most attractive and accurate way of solving such a problem was using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). In this paper, the research center at Drone Hopper Company analysis the deficiencies for forest fire fighting systems, in order to start designing its new prototype of a special drone named WILD HOPPER, solving all the shortcomings of similar systems. This paper is the first of a group of research papers that will take place during designing and producing our WILD-HOPPER system.


Diametros ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Justyna Magdalena Czekajewska ◽  
Aleksandra Jaworowicz-Zimny

According to the International Register of Organ Donation and Transplantation, Japan is one of the countries with the lowest number of registered deceased donors. In 2019, Japan was ranked 61st out of 70 countries. The authors of this article have decided to explore the reasons for this phenomenon. In the first part of the work, religious influences (Shinto and Buddhism), the tradition of gotai manzoku, the importance of altruism and the family in the perception of death and organ transplantation by the Japanese are considered. The second part of the article presents the arguments of Alan Shewmon, who believes that brain death is not death in the biological sense. Undermining the brain’s death criterion raises doubts concerning death of patients in irreversible coma, what in result discourages transplantology in Japan. In the third part, the authors compare the results of JOTN, IRODaT and the Fact Book of Organ Transplantation 2018 in Japan from 2010 to 2018. The aim of the article is to explain the cultural determinants of transplantology in Japan, taking into account the influence of philosophical and bioethical aspects of human death.


2021 ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Graham

This chapter discusses how the line between life and death has been blurred by advances in science and technology. For much of human history, determining death was a straightforward process. When illness or injury caused the irreversible loss of heart, lung, or brain function, their mutual interdependence meant that the other vital functions would inevitably cease within a matter of minutes. A physician could declare a patient dead simply by showing the absence of a heartbeat, breathing, or reaction of the eye to light. The introduction of new medical procedures in the 1950s, including mechanical ventilation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), meant that a person whose heart had stopped beating, or lungs had stopped breathing, could be kept alive. These patients presented a problem for the traditional understanding of death because they had irreversibly lost some vital functions, but not others. To understand the nature of human death, one must begin by defining the concept: what is it for any living thing to die? Having answered this metaphysical question, one can move to an epistemological one: what is the appropriate standard for judging that something has met the definition of death? Finally, one requires criteria and tests to affirm that the epistemological standard has been met: when can we confidently say that someone is dead?


Author(s):  
Nanxin Liu ◽  
Qinhua Chen ◽  
Qingqing Zhang ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Ru Si ◽  
...  

: Cancer is the second leading cause of human death after cardiovascular disease, and the most used drugs in clinics are cytotoxic agents. However, these drugs have some inherent disadvantages, such as the risk of toxicity, low selectivity, poor solubility, and so on. To overcome these shortcomings, a variety of drug delivery strategies based on prodrugs have been developed. The application of drug delivery systems can optimize ADME properties of cytotoxic agents and improve their selectivity at the target, thereby greatly enhancing the anticancer effect in clinics. At present, it has become mainstream in drug design. This review systematically summarized the studies of prodrug-based drug delivery systems over the past five to ten years, according to four aspects, solubility, controlled release, in situ concentration, and targeting.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiebiao Liang ◽  
Xianbo Zhang ◽  
Anshan Liang ◽  
Haiqing Wu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of human death worldwide. Genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence of CHD. Our study is designed to investigate the influence of CYP7B1 polymorphisms on CHD risk. Methods In this case–control study, 508 CHD patients and 510 healthy individuals were recruited to determine the correlation between CYP7B1 polymorphisms (rs7836768, rs6472155, and rs2980003) and CHD risk. The associations were evaluated by computing odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with logistic regression analysis. The association between SNP-SNP interaction and CHD susceptibility was carried out by multifactor dimensionality reduction analyses. Results Our study found that rs6472155 is significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD in age > 60 years (OR 2.20, 95% CI = 1.07–4.49, p = 0.031), women (OR 3.17, 95% CI = 1.19–8.44, p = 0.021), and non-smokers (3.43, 95% CI = 1.16–10.09, p = 0.025). Rs2980003 polymorphism has a lower risk of CHD in drinkers (OR 0.47, 95% CI = 0.24–0.91, p = 0.025). Further analyses based on false-positive report probability validated these significant results. Besides, it was found that rs6472155 polymorphism was associated with uric acid level (p = 0.034). Conclusion Our study indicated that CYP7B1 polymorphisms are related to the risk of CHD, which provides a new perspective for prevent of CHD.


2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110279
Author(s):  
Bjørn Nansen ◽  
Hannah Gould ◽  
Michael Arnold ◽  
Martin Gibbs

Working at the intersection of death studies and media studies, this article examines what we can learn from the death of media technologies designed for the deceased, what we refer to as necro-technologies. Media deaths illuminate a tension between the promise of persistence and realities of precariousness embodied in all media. This tension is, however, more visibly strained by the mortality of technologies designed to mediate and memorialise the human dead by making explicit the limitations of digital eternity implied by products in the funeral industry. In this article, we historicise and define necro-technologies within broader discussions of media obsolescence and death. Drawing from our funeral industry fieldwork, we then provide four examples of recently deceased necro-technologies that are presented in the form of eulogies. These eulogies offer a stylised but culturally significant format of remembrance to create an historical record of the deceased and their life. These necro-technologies are the funeral attendance robot CARL, the in-coffin sound system CataCombo, the posthumous messaging service DeadSocial and the digital avatar service Virtual Eternity. We consider what is at stake when technologies designed to enliven the human deceased – often in perpetuity – are themselves subject to mortality. We suggest a number of entangled economic, cultural and technical reasons for the failure of necro-technologies within the specific contexts of the death care industry, which may also help to highlight broader forces of mortality affecting all media technologies. These are described as misplaced commercial imaginaries, cultural reticence and material impermanence. In thinking about the deaths of necro-technologies, and their causes, we propose a new form of death, a ‘material death’ that extends beyond biological, social and memorial forms of human death already established to account for the finitude of media materiality and memory.


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