scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF POLISH COMMUNES IN RURAL AREAS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna KOBIAŁKA ◽  
Renata KUBIK
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Own Name ◽  
High Degree

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of investment activity in the communes in Poland. The commune is a basic unit of local government in Poland, and rural and urban-rural communes constitute the vast majority of municipalities. Communes in their own name and on their own account carry out public tasks that cover all tasks of local interest, including technical and environmental infrastructure. Despite many researches on the efficiency of communes, there are no studies on selected activities as well as on rural areas only. The nonparametric method of technical efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used in the study. The inputs and the effects of investment activity of rural and urban-rural communes in 2007-2013 were compared. This period was related to the duration of EU support programs. The study was conducted on the basis of data from the Local Data Bank which is Poland's largest database of the economy, society and the environment. The ranking of investment activity for communes were made based of the calculated average for indicators of efficiency. The studies conducted show that the amount of expenditure incurred on the studied spheres of investment activity of the analyzed communes does not translate into their efficiency. This is connected with the possibility of obtaining additional funds from EU. Information on the use of EU funds for financing the municipal investments were not included in the study due to lack of data before 2010. Among the analyzed rural and urban-rural communes the most efficient ones were located in the Mazowieckie, Świętokrzyskie and Lubelskie voivodships, although they were not fully efficient throughout the considered period. Due to its closeness to the capital, the municipality of Mazowieckie voivodeship belongs to an area with a high degree of urbanization. Communes from the Świętokrzyskie and Lubelskie voivodships belong to regions characterized by a high share of rural areas. The dynamic development of infrastructure is extremely important in terms of divergence between regions of the country.

scholarly journals MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT OF HOUSING CONDITIONS OF THE POPULATION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF THE WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn ◽  
Joanna Stanisławska ◽  
Andrzej Wołoszyn
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The aim of the study was to compare the housing conditions of the population living in rural and urban areas of Wielkopolska province communes. The multidimensional assessment of housing conditions was carried out using the TOPSIS method. The research drew on 2016 data published by the Central Statistical Office in the Local Data Bank. The housing conditions in rural areas of the Wielkopolska province were found to be significantly worse than in urban areas. Over 38% of all examined urban areas and only 5% of rural areas (mainly located in the Poznań Metropolitan Area) were classified as Class I with the highest level of housing conditions. Class IV – with the lowest level of housing conditions – included as many as 25% of rural areas and only one urban area located in a mixed, urban-rural commune. In many of the studies, dynamic, beneficial changes in housing conditions in rural areas are emphasized despite the continuous worse situation of rural areas compared to cities. However, due to the observed suburbanisation processes in rural areas in the vicinity of large urban agglomerations, it would be necessary to distinguish living transformations in these rural areas, from changes in housing conditions in rural areas that perform typical agricultural functions.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF COMMUNES OF THE LUBLIN PROVINCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Anna Kobiałka ◽  
Renata Kubik
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Nonparametric Method ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Efficiency Data ◽  
Calculated Average

The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of investment activity in the communes of Lubelskie province compared to the others in Poland. The inputs and effects of investment activity of rural and urban-rural communes in 2011-2014 were compared. The study used a nonparametric method of technical efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The ranking of investment activity for communes were made based of the calculated average for indicators of efficiency. First place received two provinces: Lubelskie and Mazowieckie. Rural and urban-rural communes of this provinces were fully effective throughout the considered period. They represent a model of efficient use of resources for investment activity.

scholarly journals SYNTHETIC MEASURE OF RURAL AREA ATTRACTIVENESS FOR LIVING , WORKING AND BUSINESS ACTIVITIES – CONCEPT ANALYSIS AND STATISTICAL EVALUATION

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Uglis ◽  
Magdalena Kozera-Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Space Material

The aim of writing the article was to present a concept of constructing a synthetic measure which defines the attractiveness of rural areas as a place to live, work and run business activities. The proposed measure was also empirically verified in the context of time and space. Material comprised data concerning 2,172 rural and urban-rural municipalities, in 2013, 2014 and 2017, following the territorial division of Poland into voivodeships. The data was obtained from the Local Data Bank at the Central Statistical Office (GUS). In the course of the study, for the purpose of constructing the measure, the author used 15 diagnostic variables, describing various functions of rural areas. The variables underwent normalization in order to make them comparable. The author originally chose five methods of normalization and one for further analysis, which caused the smallest dispersion of results. To select it, a variance analysis was conducted. The resulting synthetic measure of rural area attractiveness was verified empirically, in the context of time and space, which confirmed its diagnostic usability and indicated the temporally changeable diversity of Poland’s territory, as a system of voivodeships with regard to their attractiveness as places to live, work and run business activities.

scholarly journals DIVERSIFICATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN POLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (1) ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Paweł Siemiński ◽  
Jakub Hadyński ◽  
Walenty Poczta
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Synthetic Index ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
High Level

The aim of this paper is to estimate, as well as analyse and assess spatial diversification in human capital resources in rural and urban areas of Poland. Studies have static nature and relate to the state of the situation in 2018 year. A synthetic index of human capital resources (IHCR) was applied, based on which a hierarchy was developed for rural and urban areas, depending on the administrative division into provinces determining the degree of their diversification in terms of their human capital resources. Human capital resources were analysed in four categories, i.e. in terms of employment, education, entrepreneurship and unemployment, using data from the Local Data Bank CSO database. Research results indicate considerable regional (spatial) diversification of rural and urban areas. We may distinguish two homogeneous classes, including urban areas with a high level of human capital development, as well as rural areas with their low level. Moreover, there is a heterogeneous group of the so-called medium level of human capital, composed of both urban and rural areas. Particularly, observed polarization in human capital resources may in the future reduce the absorption of development impulses within both national and EU development policies.

INCOME POTENTIAL OF RURAL COMMUNES OF WIELKOPOLSKA PROVINCE IN 2005-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn ◽  
Feliks Wysocki ◽  
Agata Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Per Capita

The aim of the study was to assess the income potential of rural communes and to compare it to other administrative types in Wielkopolska province in 2005-2016, with particular emphasis on the Metropolitan Area of Poznań (POM). The research drew on data from the Central Statistical Office (Local Data Bank) and found income potential of rural communes of the province to be the lowest of all types of communes, with low values of own income per capita and financial self-sufficiency index. On the other hand, POM rural communes had higher own income potential compared to rural communes outside of POM or to other types of communes inside POM. The analyzed period saw increased shares of PIT revenues in the budgets of rural and urban-rural communes, which by 2016 were the most important source of own income in all groups of surveyed communes.

scholarly journals The Importance of Local Investments Co-Financed by the European Union in the Field of Renewable Energy Sources in Rural Areas of Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Aldona Standar ◽  
Agnieszka Kozera ◽  
Łukasz Satoła
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

Local investments for the development of renewable energy sources (RESs) constitute an important element of sustainable rural development. They are conducive to the social and economic development of the said areas, and improve the environmental values and living conditions of their inhabitants. However, such advancement in rural areas is not possible without adequate financial support, including the funds from the EU budget. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to assess the scale, scope and importance of local investments in renewable energy sources in rural areas of Poland in 2014–2020, cofinanced from EU funds. The study covered 1117 projects, whose beneficiaries were rural and urban–rural municipalities. Evaluation of the municipal investment activities in acquiring EU subsidies in the area of environmentally friendly energy was conducted using selected methods of descriptive statistics and the analysis of variance. Subsequently, with the use of logistic regression, the study identified the main socioeconomic, financial and environmental conditions of the investment activities of the local government entities in RES in rural areas. Empirical studies allowed for the positive verification of the research hypothesis, which assumed that “The highest investment activity in the field of local projects co-financed from EU funds, related to the development of RES in rural areas, may be attributed to municipalities performing primarily agricultural functions, located in Eastern Poland”. The municipalities’ own income potential and investment activity are of major importance for the acquisition of EU funds used in RES financing. Municipalities at a lower development level demonstrated a greater activity in accessing these funds. They view the development of RES as an opportunity for accelerated growth.

scholarly journals Urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, 2008–2012: a cross-sectional analysis of data from 36 cancer registers

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e042762
Author(s):  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Shao-Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

ObjectiveThe substantial differences in socioeconomic and lifestyle exposures between urban and rural areas in China may lead to urban–rural disparity in cancer risk. This study aimed to assess the urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China.MethodsUsing data from 36 regional cancer registries in China in 2008–2012, we compared the age-standardised incidence rates of cancer by sex and anatomic site between rural and urban areas. We calculated the rate difference and rate ratio comparing rates in rural versus urban areas by sex and cancer type.ResultsThe incidence rate of all cancers in women was slightly lower in rural areas than in urban areas, but the total cancer rate in men was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The incidence rates in women were higher in rural areas than in urban areas for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower for cancers of thyroid and breast. Men residing in rural areas had higher incidence rates for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower rates for prostate cancer, lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer, and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsOur findings suggest substantial urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, which varies across cancer types and the sexes. Cancer prevention strategies should be tailored for common cancers in rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE LEVELS IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF THE WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dolata ◽  
Magdalena Jaworska ◽  
Magdalena Jaworska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Local Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this paper is to assess the leveland spatial differentiation of selected environmental governanceparameters in the context of implementing the sustainabledevelopment concept in rural areas of the Wielkopolskievoivodeship districts in 2005 and 2015. The research procedurewas made up of three steps: review of the relevant literatureand selection of indicators to describe the environmentalgovernance topics; analyzing the changes in, and spatial differentiationof, specific environmental governance components;and ranking the districts. The basic source of data wasthe online database delivered by the Central Statistical Officein Warsaw, the Local Data Bank. As shown by the results,there is considerable spatial differentiation of specific environmentalgovernance components; however, when analyzedglobally, environmental governance proves to be a relativelynon-diversified process. In 2015, the highest sustainabilitylevels were recorded in rural areas of the following districts:Złotów, Kępno and Jarocin. In turn, the lowest levels werefound in Września, Wągrowiec and Śrem districts.

Abstract 13706: Differences in the Distribution of Systolic Blood Pressure by Rural and Urban Residence

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittain Heindl ◽  
George Howard ◽  
Elizabeth A Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: The incidence of stroke is higher in rural areas. Hypertension is the leading risk factor for stroke, but the difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) for those living in rural and urban areas is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that rural residence is associated with higher SBP levels, and this difference is modified by race, sex, and United States (US) division. Methods: We analyzed 26,113 participants enrolled in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study, recruited between 2003 and 2007. Participants were grouped based on the Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) scheme into urban, large-rural, and small-isolated rural groups. Resting SBP was measured during the initial home visit. Differences in percentiles of SBP distribution were compared using multivariate models with adjustment for age, race, sex, and US Census Bureau division. Results: Of the participants, 20,976 (80.3%) were classified as urban, 3,020 (11.6%) as large-rural, and 2,137 (8.2%) as small-isolated rural, reflecting the distribution of the population. The large-rural group had a 0.09 mmHg higher mean SBP compared to the urban group (95% CI, 0.33 to 1.52 mmHg, p = 0.0023), but the difference in SBP at the 95th percentile between these groups was 3.23 mmHg (95% CI, 1.43 to 4.73 mmHg, p = 0.0006). A similar difference was present between the small-isolated rural and urban groups at the highest percentiles. No urban-rural interaction was observed by race, sex, or US division. However, large SBP differences were present between US divisions, especially at the highest percentiles. To illustrate, SBP at the 95th percentile was 9.51 mmHg higher in the East North Central division than in the Pacific (95% CI, 6.41 to 12.61 mmHg, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Residence in a rural area is associated with higher SBP, with larger differences at the highest percentiles of distribution. SBP differences are present between US divisions, independent of urban-rural status.

HEALTH AS THE MAIN STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL ON RURAL AREAS IN ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIE REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (3) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Maria Klonowska-Matynia
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Health Capital ◽  
Local Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Synthetic Index ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Health Quality

The paper aimed to examine the level and asses the spatial distribution of human capital defined in the area of health quality in rural areas of the West Pomeranian province. The selected methods of multicriteria taxonomy to estimate the synthetic index HCSIh and agglomeration methods for grouping objects with a relatively homogeneous internal structure were used. It was assumed the correlation between the level of health capital HCSIh and the type of commune separated due to the component of the level of socio-economic development according to the MROW typology. The obtained results indicate uneven distribution of health capital, but they do not give grounds for accepting the verified hypothesis. The study covered rural areas of the West Pomeranian province, defined according to the CSO administrative criterion as rural and rural-urban communes. The Central Statistical Office Local Data Bank and the Monitoring of rural areas development data were the main source.

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