scholarly journals Digestibility and energy content of Paulownia (Paulownia elongata S.Y.Hu) leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
G. Ganchev ◽  
А. Ilchev ◽  
А. Koleva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Paulownia Elongata

Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the digestibility and energy content of Paulownia elongata S.Y.Hu leaves after leaf fall. Leaves together with petioles were dried at room temperature and milled with a roughage mill before feeding to animals. A classical digestion trial was performed, with three rams weighing 55.4kg on average, by determining the chemical composition of consumed feed, feed leftovers and excreted faeces. Digestibility was evaluated as difference in the amount of ingested nutrients and nutrients excreted with faeces and it was determined to be 50.72, 52.08, 31.63, 54.09, 55.15 and 56.06% for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The energy value for ruminants calculated on the basis of chemical composition and established digestibility was 8.29 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg DM, 6.55 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/ kg DM, 0.59 feed units for milk (FUM)/kg DM and 0.52 feed units for growth (FUG)/kg DM.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa l.) seeds fermented at varying durations

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
A. O. Angbulu ◽  
S. Duru ◽  
S. B. Afolayan ◽  
B. M. Munza
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Extract Content

A study was carried out to determine the chemical composition of roselle seeds fermented at varying durations. One kg cleaned Roselle seeds were soaked in 3L of water for 8 hours. The soaked seeds were drained and fermented for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours as treatments. Samples of fermented roselle seeds at different duration of fermentations were analyzed for chemical composition including anti-nutritional factors. The results showed that there was significant (P<0.05) effect of fermentation duration on chemical composition and antinutritional factors of roselle seeds. Dry matter and crude protein content increased as fermentation duration increased from 0 to 96 hours. The highest dry matter (91.87%) and crude protein (35.05%) were obtained at 96 hours while crude fibre and ether extract decreased with increased fermentation duration. Crude fibre (6.55%) and ether extract (26.79%) were highest at 0 hours. Ash and nitrogen free extract content ranged from 5.41 – 5.78 % and 30.62 – 39.19 %, respectively. Anti-nutritional factor contents declined withincreased fermentation duration. The lowest values for saponin (2.02%), tannin (0.15%), phytic acid (5.44%) and trypsin inhibitor (8.93%) were obtained at 96 hours fermentation. It can be concluded that roselle seeds fermented for 96 hours enhanced nutrient availability and significantly reduced tannin, phytate, saponin and trypsin inhibitor anti-nutritional factors.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

The Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Energy Value to Pigs of Plantains (Musa Sapientum Var. Paradisiaca Linn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The proximate and mineral constituents of six plantain forms, raw green plantain (RGP), cooked green plantain (CGP), raw ripe plantain (RRP), cooked ripe plantain (CRP), green plantain meal (GPM) and ripe plantain meal (RPM) were determined by chemical analysis. 24 large white barrows, weighing initially, between 40-45 kg., were used to study the apparent digestibility of nutrients, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (ME(n) and total digestible nutrients when the plantains served as the only source of nutrients. In a second experiment ME and ME(n) were measured for the plantain forms using 28 Large White barrows, with diets in which the plantains replaced 50% of maize in a basal diet. All the plantain forms had low fat, crude fibre and crude protein content but high in nitrogen-free extract, phosphorus, potassium and Iron. Identically high dry matter (D.M.) and nitrogen-free extract (N.F.E.) digestion coefficients were obtained for all the plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values. Digestion coefficients for crude protein (46.9, 53.6, 51.8, 34.3,-32.7 %), crude fibre, (46.6, 49.5, 58.7, 62.6, 56.9, 39.6 %), ether extract (55.9, 56.6, 66.9, 69.2, 54.7 and 34.6 %) for RGP, CGP, RRP, CRP, GPM and RPM respectively were considerably lower than for D.M. and N.F.E. The DE, ME ME(n) and TDN values were comparable for all plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values in most cases. The fresh green plantains and green plantain meals had slightly higher energy values than the ripe plantains, even though the nutrients in the ripe plantains were better digested than in the green forms. The results are discussed in relation to variations in the relative proportions of the simple and more complex carbohydrates during ripening.

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and digestibility of Rabbit does fed varying levels of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor ◽  
A. A. Sekoni ◽  
L. O. Esievo
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Growth Requirement

Nulliparous crossbred does were used to study the effects of concentrate:lablab ratio (CL) and stage of pregnancy on nutrient intake and digestibility. Treatments consisted of four concentrate and lablab combinations on a gram:gram basis: 20:130, 40: 110, 80:70 and 100:50 and two stages of pregnancy: second and fourth week of pregnancy Concentrate intake increased as level increased up to 80g/day offered while lablab intake increased from 50 to 130g/day offered. Doe weight and metabolic size were similar for all treatments. Total feed intake was not affected by concentrate and lablab levels. Dry matter intake was lower for 100:50 CL than other treatments. Ether extract and crude fibre intakes decreased with increase in concentrate levels. Dry matter and nitrogen free extract digestibility were higher for 80:70 CL than other combinations. Crude fibre digestibility was higher for 80:70 than 40:110 and 100:50 CL Crude protein retention was higher for 80:70 than 20:130 and 100:50 CL. Fetal growth requirement, total protein requirement and balance of protein were high at 80:70 and 100:50 CL. During pregnancy, dry matter and all nutrients intake were higher in the second than fourth week. Ether extract, crude protein and nitrogen free extract digestibilities were lower in the second than fourth week of pregnancy. Fetal growth requirement and balance of protein were higher in the second than fourth week of pregnancy relationship between feed intake (g DM/day) and nutrient digestibility was negative. The relationship between feed intake (g DM/kg body weight/day) and feed intake (g DM/kg LW0.75/day) was however, positive for all the nutrients except crude protein. For the small scale rabbit producer in developing countries, it is feasible to maintain rabbits on combinations of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

Studies on Browse Plants in Ghana

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

SummaryDigestibility of the herbage of the indigenous tree Antiaris africana was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 67, dry matter 64, crude protein 78, crude fibre 39, nitrogen-free extract 74, ether extract 36 and ash 36. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 23·2 and digestible crude protein 3·7, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 6. The herbage was young and its palatability high.

scholarly journals Effect of graded levels of toasted bambara groundnut (Voandzeia subterranea L) waste on performance of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
A. O. Ani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The effects of different dietary levels of toasted bambara groundnut (Voandzeia subterranea L) waste on the performance of growing rabbits was studied. Twenty-four, 6-7 weeks old cross bred (Chinchilla x New Zealand whitel rabbits with average initial weight of 9629 were used for the feeding trial which lasted for 8 weeks. The rabbits were randomly divided into four treatment groups of 6 rabbits each and fed diets containing 0% (control), 10, 20 and 30% toasted bambara groundnut waste (TBGW) using a completely randomized design (CRD). Dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and nitrogen-free extract intake and digestibility, weight gain and economics of TBGW inclusion were determined. Proximate composition of the diets, faeces, raw and toasted samples were also determined. The raw and toasted bambara groundnut waste had 91 and 93% dry matter, 17.0 and 16.27% crude protein, 26 und 24% crude fibre, 5 and 3. 5% ether extract, 2.5 and 4.0% ash, 40.5 and 45.23% nitrogen-free extract, and 4.13 and 3.88 kcal/g energy respectively. Significant differences (P<0.05) existed between treatments in feed intake, weight gain, final body weight, and digestibility of dry matter. crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract. Feed intake, weight gain, final body weight, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen-free extract were similar for the control and 30% TBGW diets, and these were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that for 10% TBGW diet. The feed cost AN/kg gain) was similar for 10, 20 and 30% TBGW diets. The result showed that up to 30% toasted bambara groundnut waste can be included in the diets of growing rabbits without any adverse effect on performance.

scholarly journals Effect of sow age on the apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients in the diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-236
Author(s):  
E Jacyno ◽  
A Pietruszka ◽  
W Biel ◽  
A Kołodziej-Skalska ◽  
B Matysiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of sow age on apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients and the concentration of metabolizable energy in the diet. The experiment was carried out on 20 gestating sows, divided into two groups: Group I - 10 sows in first pregnancy (131 ± 4.5 kg) and Group II - 10 sows in fourth pregnancy (225 ± 8.2 kg). Sows in the two groups were fed identical diets for sows during early pregnancy. The total collection of faeces began on day 30 of pregnancy and lasted eight days. Sows in the fourth pregnancy had greater digestibility coefficients of dry matter (4.1 percentage units), organic matter (3.4 percentage units), crude protein (5.5 percentage units) and crude fibre (6.2 percentage units) than sows in the first pregnancy. The total tract digestibility of ether extract, starch and sugars was not affected by pig age. The metabolizable energy, determined according to the content of digestible nutrients, in the sow diet in fourth pregnancy was 0.7 MJ/kg higher than in the diet of sows in their first pregnancy. Results of this research indicate that sow age should be considered when formulating diets during early pregnancy.______________________________________________________________________________________Keywords: Digestibility, gestation, metabolizable energy, nutrients, age of sow

Energy values in pig nutrition:II. The prediction of energy values from dietary chemical analysis

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Morgan ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

SUMMARYEighteen individual feedstuffs and 19 mixed diets were used in a study attempted to relate determined energy values to various chemically determined measures. For cereals the level of fibre could be used to predict digestible and metabolizable energy (DE and ME). In the case of DE the relationships with crude fibre and modified acid detergent fibre (MADF) based on 14 feeds were:DE (kcal/kg D.M.) = 4179–86 MADF (%): r =–0·96; P < 0·01,DE (kcal/kg D.M.) = 4228–140 x crude fibre (%): r =–0·97; P < 0·01.For all feeds the following equations gave the best prediction of energy values from dietary analysis (on the basis of correlation coefficients and residual standard deviations):DE (kcal/kg D.M.) = 109·9 x crude protein (%) + 149·3 x acid ether extract (%) + 90·1 x nitrogen-free extract (%)–5030: R = 0·95; P < 0.01.ME (kcal/kg D.M.) = 99·5 x crude protein (%) + 144·7 x acid ether extract (%) + 87·8 x nitrogen-free extract (%)–4795: R = 0·94; P < 0·01.Digestible nutrients were closely related to DE and ME, e.g.DE (kcal/kg D.M.) = 52·9 x digestible crude protein (%) + 108·3 x digestible ether extract (%) + 39·4 x digestible crude fibre (%) + 39·9 x digestible nitrogen-free extract (%) + 183·7: R = 0·99; P < 0·01.

Utilization of Zizyphus nummularia leaves by three breeds of sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Nath ◽  
NS Malik ◽  
ON Singh
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

The chemical composition of Zizyphus nummularia leaves was determined, and their nutritive value studied by feeding them to 8-month-old ram lambs, three each of the Rambouillet, Rambouillet x Chokla, and Malpura breeds. Z. nummularia leaves contained 14% crude protein, 3% ether extract, 17% crude fibre, 56% nitrogen-free extract, 73% total carbohydrates, 10% total ash, 2.8% calcium, and 0.14% phosphorus. The dry matter intake of the lambs was 2.05 kg per 100 kg body weight. The palatability of the leaves was low and the animals lost weight. The average digestion coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, nitrogen-free extract, and total carbohydrates were 44, 54, 40, 28, 35, 64, and 57% respectively. The digestion coefficients of the nutrients did not differ between breeds except that for crude protein, which was higher in the Rambouillet (P < 0.05). The leaves contained 5.56 kg digestible crude protein and 49.7 kg total digestible nutrients per 100 kg dry matter. The nutritive ratio was 1 : 7.9. The leaves were quite nutritious, but palatability was low. Digestibility of protein was poor and urinary nitrogen excretion was low. Animals were in positive nitrogen balance, yet lost weight; possible causes for this are discussed. It is considered that Z. nummuluria leaves fed to growing lambs should be supplemented with other fodder. Protein and phosphorus supplements also seem desirable. Results indicate that wider investigations on factors limiting food intake, the role of supplements in improving the nutritional inadequacy of the diet, and ecological aspects of Zizyphus are necessary.

scholarly journals Proximate and mineral analysis of delonix regia leaves and roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Alagbe, J.O ◽  
Adeoye, Adekemi ◽  
Oluwatobi, A.O
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

Medicinal plants serves as therapeutic agents as well as raw materials for the manufacture of modern medicines due to the presence bioactive chemicals (phytochemicals) and nutrients (protein, carbohydrates, fats, amino acids etc.). Among the potential medicinal plants is Delonix regia, therefore this study was carried out to determine the proximate and mineral composition in the plant (leaf and root). The result on proximate analysis of Delonix regia leaf (DRL) showed that it contained moisture (8.10 %), dry matter (91.90 %), crude protein (18.77 %), crude fibre (9.85 %), ether extract (1.33 %), ash (5.21 %), nitrogen free extract (56.74 %), carbohydrates (78.54 %) and energy (1703.5 kj/100 g) while Delonix regia root (DSR) contained moisture, dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash, nitrogen free extract, carbohydrates and energy at 9.60 %, 90.40 %, 10.63 %, 7.44 %, 2.71 %, 9.30 %, 60.32 %, 90.18 % and 1814 kj/100g respectively. Mineral analysis showed that DSR contained higher concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron and cobalt at 95.43 mg/100g, 40.77 mg/100g, 100.4 mg/100g, 7.21 mg/100g, 14.21 mg/100g, 41.22 mg/100g, 10.2 mg/100g, 1.10 mg/100g and 0.05 mg/100g relative to calcium (77.31 mg/100g), phosphorus (40.35 mg/100g), potassium (51.60 mg/100g), zinc (3.21 mg/100g), magnesium (10.35 mg/100g), sodium (33.18 mg/100g), copper (7.35 mg/100g) and iron (1.89 mg/100g) established in DRL. It was concluded that DRL and DSR contains various nutrients and phytochemicals that produce definite physiological action on the body of animals.

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