scholarly journals Biotic and abiotic stress roles in drugs production through in vitro approaches in plants – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
A. Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed ◽  
R. Arun Kumar ◽  
Muneeb M. Musthafa ◽  
Davindran Rajandram ◽  
Faiz M.M.T. Marikar
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Fungal Elicitors ◽  
Culture Suspension ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Metabolites Production

Abstract. Plant metabolic engineering is a modern discipline that promises to create opportunities in pharmaceutical industries to produce and biomedicine. Over the long period natural and synthetic plant hormones have had tremendous implications in callus/cell culture /suspension/ for secondary metabolites production (SMs). Generally, SMs plays a vital fundamental role in protecting the plant from biotic and abiotic attacks to which it may be subjected. This review article focused on the relationship between various factors related to the drug production. In medicinal plants, in vitro studies, based on biotic factors such as fungal/endo-phytic fungal elicitors/microbe-derived exogenous elicitor yeast extract (YE) were cross checked with the abiotic six factor groups, including auxins and cytokinins, gamma radiation, lights, temperature, carbon sources, photoperiods, precursor chemicals and plant metabolic enzymes. Moreover, key enzymes and gene networks can serve as a resource to selected potential targets for specific SMs production. This is the first review to describe the light factors needed for the SM production, which has favorable role for SMs. We envisage that the researcher can design how to modulate the stress factors in terms of drug improvement from medicinal plants.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIACNE ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT OF LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Vishwakarma ◽  
Narendra Patel ◽  
Prabhakar Budholiya
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Minor Ailments ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Chloride Method

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Secondary constituents contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, sapon in, steroids and tannins. Medicinal plants have anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiuretic and anti-inflammation activities. The increasing interest in powerful biological activity of secondary metabolites outlined the necessity of determining their contents in medicinal plants. In Indian Ayurvedic system, Lagerstroemia Indica (Lythraceae) are well-known plants used for major and minor ailments. The aim of the present study is to examine leaf of Lagerstroemia Indica for phytochemical profile, antioxidant potential, antimicrobial including anti acne activity. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by FolinsCiocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oil and fats. The present study concluded that the crude extract of Lagerstroemia Indica is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential.  The extract of Lagerstroemia Indica possess antimicrobial effectiveness againt P. acne and other microbes, In Vitro anti acne activity. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Lagerstroemia Indica, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antiacne.

In Vitro Propagation and Approaches for Metabolites Production in Medicinal Plants

2012 ◽  
pp. 35-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushim Kumar Gupta ◽  
Chao-Lin Kuo ◽  
Hung-Chi Chang ◽  
Hsiao-Sung Chan ◽  
Emily Chin-Fun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Metabolites Production

scholarly journals Biodiversity, Ecology, and Secondary Metabolites Production of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Amaryllidaceae Crops

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Caruso ◽  
Nadezhda Golubkina ◽  
Alessio Tallarita ◽  
Magdi T. Abdelhamid ◽  
Agnieszka Sekara
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Fungal Microbiome ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Metabolites Production

Amaryllidaceae family comprises many crops of high market potential for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, the utilization of plants as a source of bioactive compounds requires the plant/endophytic microbiome interactions, which affect all aspects of crop’s quantity and quality. This review highlights the taxonomy, ecology, and bioactive chemicals synthesized by endophytic fungi isolated from plants of the Amaryllidaceae family with a focus on the detection of pharmaceutically valuable plant and fungi constituents. The fungal microbiome of Amaryllidaceae is species- and tissue-dependent, although dominating endophytes are ubiquitous and isolated worldwide from taxonomically different hosts. Root sections showed higher colonization as compared to bulbs and leaves through the adaptation of endophytic fungi to particular morphological and physiological conditions of the plant tissues. Fungal endophytes associated with Amaryllidaceae plants are a natural source of ecofriendly bioagents of unique activities, with special regard to those associated with Amarylloidae subfamily. The latter may be exploited as stimuli of alkaloids production in host tissues or can be used as a source of these compounds through in vitro synthesis. Endophytes also showed antagonistic potential against fungal, bacterial, and viral plant diseases and may find an application as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Although Amaryllidaceae crops are cultivated worldwide and have great economic importance, the knowledge on their endophytic fungal communities and their biochemical potential has been neglected so far.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Medicinal Plants: a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 066-072
Author(s):  
Tuhin Chatterjee ◽  
◽  
Biswajit Ghosh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wild Resources ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Over Exploitation

Well developed methods are presently available to help growers meet the demand of the pharmaceutical industry in the next century. Micropropagation of medicinal plants is extensively used to produce active compounds for herbal and pharmaceutical industries. Population growth, urbanization, climate change and unrestricted collection of medicinal plants from nature are resulting in an over- exploitation as well as habit destruction of wild resources of medicinal plants. Conservation of genetic materials of many vulnerable medicinal plants also involves culturing techniques. Micropropagation protocols have been developed for a wide range of medicinal plants, which includes endangered and vulnerable plant species. This review only describes the role of in vitro propagation techniques in medicinal plants.

Improvement of Shoot Regeneration of Potentially Medicinal Plant Melaleuca alternifolia Via Axillary Shoot

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Mohd Tasrib ◽  
Alina Wagiran ◽  
Zaidah Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The aim of this study is to establish an improved shoot regeneration of potential medicinal plants, Melaleuca alternifolia. The essential oil of these plants is useful in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Despite the importance of this species, in vitro regeneration was limited. Therefore, the present study use various concentrations of plant growth regulators to improve shoot regeneration of these plants. The present study shows that axillary shoot gave the best response to the treatment containing 0.5mg/L BAP and 0.1mg/L NAA. The average number of shoots is 23 with 77% of shooting. For rooting experiment, 35% of axillary shoot were rooted when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.5mg/L IBA. In vitro plantlet was later developed after 3 months.

In Vitro Anti-Infective Screening Of Selected West African Medicinal Plants

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
VO Imieje ◽  
PS Fasinu ◽  
KO Ogbeide ◽  
NO Egiebor ◽  
A Falodun
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
West African

Anamnestic factors that shape reproductive health of women with repeated unsuccessful popygamy in vitro fertilization

2016 ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
N.V. Cotsabin ◽  
◽  
O.M. Makarchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fertilization In Vitro ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Group I

The proportion of patients with multiple unsuccessful attempts of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is about 30% of all patients treated with the use of ART. Women with history of unsuccessful ART attempts - a special category of patients who require emergency attention and a thorough examination at the stage of preparation for superovulation stimulation,the selection of embryos and endometrium preparation for embryo transfer. The objective: to distinguish high-risk group of unsuccessful attempts based on a detailed analysis of anamnestic and clinical data of infertile women with repeated unsuccessful ART attempts that requires more in-depth study of hormonal features, ovarian reserve and condition of the endometrium. Materials and methods. For better understanding of the problem of repeated unsuccessful ART attempts and сreation of efficient infertility treatment algorithms for these couples we conducted a thorough analysis of anamnestic data of three groups of infertile women (105 patients), which were distributed by age: group I – younger than 35, the II group – from 35 to 40, the III group - over 40 years. These groups of patients were compared with each other and with the control group of healthy women (30 persons). Results. Leading stress factors in the percentage three times prevailed in the group of infertile women and had a direct connection with the fact of procedure «fertilization in vitro» and chronic stressors caused by prolonged infertility. Primary infertility was observed significantly more frequent in patients younger than 35 years (p <0.05), secondary infertility - mostly in the second and third experimental groups (p <0.05). Noteworthy significant percentage of wellknown causes of infertility and idiopathic factor in all groups, and the prevalence of tubal-peritoneal factor in the second and third experimental groups, and endocrine dysfunction in the I experimental group. The most common disorder among this category of woman was polycystic ovary syndrome. Frequency of usual miscarriage among patients of I ana II groups was two times higher than in the third group (p <0.05). Among the experimental groups the leading place belongs urinary tract infection, respiratory tract diseases, pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Data of the stratified analysis show an increase likelihood of repeated unsuccessful ART attempts under the influence of constant chronic stress (odds ratio OR=2.06; 95% CI: 0.95–3.17; p<0.05). Conclusions. Among infertile patients with repeated unsuccessful ART attempts must be separated a high risk group of failures. The identity depends on the duration of infertility, female age and leading combination of factors. Key words: repeated unsuccessful ART attempts, anamnesis, infertility, high risk.

Natural products from the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia: A potential lead for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1278-1285
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yafout ◽  
Amine Ousaid ◽  
Ibrahim Sbai El Otmani ◽  
Youssef Khayati ◽  
Amal Ait Haj Said
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Promising Source

The new SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronaviruses family has caused a pandemic affecting millions of people around the world. This pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization as an international public health emergency. Although several clinical trials involving a large number of drugs are currently underway, no treatment protocol for COVID-19 has been officially approved so far. Here we demonstrate through a search in the scientific literature that the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia, which includes more than 500 medicinal plants, is a fascinating and promising source for the research of natural molecules active against SARS-CoV-2. Multiple in-silico and in-vitro studies showed that some of the medicinal plants used by Moroccans for centuries possess inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitory activities are achieved through the different molecular mechanisms of virus penetration and replication, or indirectly through stimulation of immunity. Thus, the potential of plants, plant extracts and molecules derived from plants that are traditionally used in Morocco and have activity against SARS-CoV-2, could be explored in the search for a preventive or curative treatment against COVID-19. Furthermore, safe plants or plant extracts that are proven to stimulate immunity could be officially recommended by governments as nutritional supplements.

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