scholarly journals Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes in Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina isolates from Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
M. Valizadeh ◽  
F. Tahvildar Biderouni ◽  
S. R. Shahrokhi ◽  
M. Ghanimatdan ◽  
A. R. Nagahi
Keyword(s):  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Mitochondrial Cox1 ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nad1 Gene ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Alignment Analysis ◽  
Multiple Sequences ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina are the most important ascaridoid nematodes of the family Toxocaridae. The present study was aimed to characterisation and analysis of genetic variation within and among T. canis and T. leonina isolates obtained from Iran by sequencing partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1) and partial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (pnad1) genes. A total number of 134 adult nematodes belonging to Toxocaridae family were collected from stray dogs in Alborz province, Iran during 2015 and 2016. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed and products were sequenced. Sequences of two mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes were compared with other sequences in the GenBank, while multiple sequences alignment analysis was performed using the Bioedit and MEGA6 software and phylogenetic tree was plotted. For all isolates, amplicons of about 450 and 350 base pairs (bp) were successfully produced by PCR for cox1 and nad1, respectively. All sequences of T. canis isolates from present study were 100% homologous across the nad1 gene but not in the cox1 gene. The results indicate that the PCR method based on sequence of cox1 and nad1 genes is a suitable technique for the differentiation of T. canis and T. leonina species and that mtDNA regions could be used as genetic markers for the identification and differentiation of Toxocara species.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial genome of the sweet potato hornworm, Agrius convolvuli (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), and comparison with other Lepidoptera species

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Shang Dai ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
Hui-min Yu ◽  
Guo-Qing Wei ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Transfer Rnas ◽  
The Family ◽  
Circular Molecule ◽  
Cloverleaf Structure

In the present study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Agrius convolvuli (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) and compared it with previously sequenced mitogenomes of lepidopteran species. The mitogenome was a circular molecule, 15 349 base pairs (bp) long, containing 37 genes. The order and orientation of genes in the A. convolvuli mitogenome were similar to those in sequenced mitogenomes of other lepidopterans. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) were initiated by ATN codons, except for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene, which seemed to be initiated by the codon CGA, as observed in other lepidopterans. Three of the 13 PCGs had the incomplete termination codon T, while the remainder terminated with TAA. Additionally, the codon distributions of the 13 PCGs revealed that Asn, Ile, Leu2, Lys, Phe, and Tyr were the most frequently used codon families. All transfer RNAs were folded into the expected cloverleaf structure except for tRNASer(AGN), which lacked a stable dihydrouridine arm. The length of the adenine (A) + thymine (T)-rich region was 331 bp. This region included the motif ATAGA followed by a 19-bp poly-T stretch and a microsatellite-like (TA)8 element next to the motif ATTTA. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods) showed that A. convolvuli belongs to the family Sphingidae.

scholarly journals Contamination of Sandpits with Soil-Transmitted Helminths Eggs in an Urban Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
J. Bystrianska ◽  
I. Papajová ◽  
J. Šoltys ◽  
N. Sasáková
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Abstract The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of the propagative stages of intestinal endoparasites in dog excrements collected within the close proximity of sandpits in an urban environment (Košice, Slovakia) and to determine the level of sandpits contamination with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). A total of 201 dog faecal samples were examined for the presence of helminth eggs with 10.95 % of the samples being positive. In faeces the most prevalent eggs were those of Toxocara canis (7.46 %). The contamination of sand with STH eggs in 84 sandpits was also investigated. Toxocara spp. eggs were found in 21.43 % of the sandpits. The eggs from the family Ancylostomatidae and Toxascaris leonina were also present. Taenia type eggs and Trichuris sp. eggs occurred less frequently. In some samples, not only monoinfection but also co-infection with eggs of 2‒3 helminth species were detected. In conclusion, the environmental contamination of sandpits with STHs eggs might pose a significant threat to the public health.

Helminth infections in faecal samples of wolves Canis lupus L. from the western Beskidy Mountains in southern Poland

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Popiołek ◽  
Justyna Szczęsna ◽  
Sabina Nowak ◽  
Robert W. Mysłajek
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Alaria Alata ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractEighty-nine samples of grey wolf (Canis lupus L.) faeces were collected between 2002 and 2004 from two areas in the western Beskidy Mts (south Poland). Helminth eggs were observed in 56.2% of faeces examined. These included: Alaria alata (2.2%), taeniid eggs (11.2%), Toxocara canis (5.6%), Toxascaris leonina (1.1%), Eucoleus aerophilus (14.6%), Ancylostoma caninum (12.3%), Uncinaria stenocephala (37%) and unidentified roundworm eggs of the family Strongyloididae (1.1%). Eucoleus aerophilus is recorded for the first time from Poland. The results are compared with the helminth fauna of other wolf populations in Europe.

scholarly journals Intestinal helminths of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-west Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Magi ◽  
L. Guardone ◽  
W. Mignone ◽  
M. C. Prati ◽  
F. Macchioni
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
North West ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Flotation Solution ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

SummaryA total of 180 foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from an area scarcely investigated of north-west Italy, were examined for intestinal helminths using sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). Faecal samples were submitted to centrifugation with 50 % zinc sulphate used as flotation solution.No fox was found completely negative for intestinal helminths. The most frequently identified nematodes were Uncinaria stenocephala (70.0 %), Molineus legerae (27.2 %), Toxocara canis (26.7 %), Toxascaris leonina (25.6 %), Trichuris vulpis (21.1 %), Aonchotheca putorii (8.9 %), Pterygodermatites affinis (5.6 %). Genus Mesocestoides (81.7 %), family Dilepididae (29.4 %) and Taenia spp. (8.3 %) were the most prevalent cestodes. All foxes were negative for E. multilocularis and E. granulosus. In two foxes trematodes belonging to the family Plagiorchidae were found.The study highlighted that foxes are hosts of intestinal helminths of veterinary and medical importance which may be transmitted to dogs and humans.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Endoparasites in Slovakian Household Dogs and Cats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Šmigová ◽  
Ingrid Papajová ◽  
Jindřich Šoltys ◽  
Jana Pipiková ◽  
Ľubomír Šmiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Capillaria Aerophila ◽  
One Year ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Abstract Pets play a pivotal role as definitive or reservoir hosts for many zoonotic parasites. Dogs and cats without any clinical signs may be a carrier for the infection. In a one-year-study, collected fecal samples of 257 dogs and 50 cats were examined coproscopically for the endoparasite infections. Out of 307 investigated fecal samples 107 (34.9%) were positive for the presence of the propagative stages of endoparasites. In 257 of dogs fecal samples, 12 different species of endoparasites were detected: Giardia spp., Cystoisopsora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Hammondia/Neospora-like, Angiostrongylus vasorum, Capillaria aerophila, Crenosoma vulpis, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, Strongyloides stercoralis and eggs from the family Ancylostomatidae. Only 4 different parasitic species were found in 50 domestic cats’ fecal samples - Giardia spp., Cystoisopsora spp., T. cati and larvae of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. It was confirmed that a significant differences were found in relation to age for Giardia spp., T. canis, S. stercoralis and family Ancylostomatidae. Close and frequent contact between younger pets and people increases the risks for the transmission of zoonotic diseases.

Prevalence of intestinal parasite infection in dogs from selected rural areas of central and southern Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Justyna Bartosik ◽  
Karolina Dziwirek ◽  
Jacek Łojek ◽  
Justyna Kaczyk ◽  
Paweł Górski
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Intestinal Parasite Infection ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

The main aim of the study was to compare parasites of dogs living in rural areas of selected counties of the Masovian and Małopolska Voivodeships. Furthermore, the prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was determined in relation to selected factors (sex and season). The research was carried out from October 2015 to May 2016. A total of 207 faecal samples were analysed by the flotation method and by direct smears. Infection by protozoa and nematodes was observed. The mean prevalence was 17.8% for Giardia intestinalis, 0.9% for coccidia of the genus Cystoisospora, 7.2% for Toxocara canis, 2.4% for Toxascaris leonina, 20.2% for Trichuris vulpis and 22.2% for nematodes of the family Ancylostomatidae. Infection with particular parasites was more common in males than in females. The occurrence of Giardia intestinalis and hookworms was statistically significantly correlated with the sex of the host and the season.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in north-west Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Guardone ◽  
M. Magi ◽  
M. C. Prati ◽  
F. Macchioni
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
North West ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina ◽  
Eucoleus Boehmi

SummaryThe present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal and cardio-respiratory parasites in dogs in Liguria (northwest Italy) which is a region that has scarcely been studied. A total of 450 dogs (260 males and 190 females) were enrolled in the study from 2009 and 2013. All dogs lived in a rural or semi-rural environment in the provinces of Imperia (n = 352) or Savona (n = 98), Liguria. Coprological examinations showed that 197 dogs (43.8 %, CI 38.7-48.9 %) were infected by parasites. Specifically, 3.3 % of the dogs presented only cardio-respiratory species, 32.4 % only intestinal species, and 8.0 % presented a mixed infection.The most frequent intestinal parasites wereToxocara canis(20 %),Trichuris vulpis(17.8 %), Ancylostomatidae (12 %), Coccidia (2.7 %),Aonchotheca putorii(1.8 %) andToxascaris leonina(1.8 %). The cardio-respiratory species found wereEucoleus aerophilus(9.6 %),Eucoleus boehmi(1.6 %),Angiostrongylus vasorum(0.7 %), andCrenosoma vulpis(0.2 %). A total of 116 dogs (25.8 %) were parasitized by a single species, multiple infections were observed in 81 dogs (18.0 %) up to a six-order infection.This preliminary study highlighted that the prevalence of intestinal parasites in investigated area is high. Cardio respiratory parasites were detected in an area that has not been investigated before. The creation of a more extensive sampling programme of the area, on a provincial basis in order to build a more detailed map of prevalences for different species of dog parasites throughout Liguria, a more extensive sampling programme of the area needs to be created - ideally for each province.

scholarly journals Parasitic contamination of urban and rural environments in the Slovak Republic: dog’s excrements as a source

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Papajová ◽  
J. Pipiková ◽  
J. Papaj ◽  
A. Čižmár
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
One Year ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the possibility of soil contamination with propagative stages of intestinal endoparasites at different public places (public parks, playgrounds, sandpits, sidewalks, road sides). In a one-year-study, totally 578 dog’s faecal samples from 8 towns (Košice, Trebišov, Veľké Kapušany, Prešov, Snina, Levoča, Zvolen and Trenčín) and 3 villages (Dlhé Stráže, Dravce, Valaliky) were examined for the presence of parasitic germs. 29.9 % of faecal samples were positive. Eight different species of intestinal parasites with following incidence were detected: Toxocara canis (11.9 %), Trichuris vulpis (8.5 %), Ancylostomatidae (8.1 %), Taenia spp. (4.0 %), Toxascaris leonina (3.1 %), Capillaria spp. (1.0 %), Dipylidium caninum (0.2 %) and Coccidia oocysts (0.2 %). Additionally 285 sandpits were examined. Sand samples were collected from Košice (136), Zvolen (38), Trenčín (36), Prešov (30), Veľké Kapušany (24), Snina (15), and village Valaliky (6). The parasitic eggs occurence in the sandpits was as follows: Toxocara spp. (11.8 %), Ancylostomatidae (1.1 %), Taenia type (0.7 %) and Trichuris spp. (0.4 %). The occurrence of Toxocara spp. varied between the urban and rural environments. The highest number of Toxocara spp. was found in village Valaliky (33.3 %) whereas cities showed lesser prevalence (Prešov — 10 %, Košice — 7.4 %, Trenčín — 5.6 %, Zvolen — 5.3 %, Veľké Kapušany — 4.2 %). The epidemiological aspects and health risk factors are also discussed.

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