scholarly journals Review of gastric torsion in eight guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Linda Nógrádi ◽  
Iain Cope ◽  
Márton Balogh ◽  
János Gál
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Gastric Volvulus ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Exotic Animal ◽  
Wildlife Medicine

The authors present eight cases of gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) in guinea pigs from the Department and Clinic of Exotic Animal and Wildlife Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary between 2012 and 2016. Seven animals were operated on and two survived. Gastric torsion has been noted in many mammalian species. Gastric volvulus has a high morbidity and high mortality rate with a guarded to poor prognosis in all of these species. How GDV develops is still not widely understood. Postmortem examinations, in both our cases and previously reported cases, have failed to reveal the exact causes of the gastric torsions. The aetiology of gastric torsion in guinea pigs is probably multifactorial. Feeding fewer meals per day, eating rapidly, decreased food particle size, exercise, stress after a meal, competition, age, and an aggressive or fearful temperament, are all likely and potential risk factors for GDV development in a similar fashion to dogs. Sex, breeding, dental diseases, anatomical abnormalities, pain and pregnancy may also be contributing factors.

scholarly journals Mammalian species identification using ISSR-HRM technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110261
Author(s):  
Wannapimol Kriangwanich ◽  
Korakot Nganvongpanit ◽  
Kittisak Buddhachat ◽  
Puntita Siengdee ◽  
Siriwadee Chomdej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Issr Primers

Wildlife trading and the illegal hunting of wildlife are contributing factors to the biodiversity crisis that is presently unfolding across the world. The inability to control the trade of animal body parts or available biological materials is a major challenge for those who investigate wildlife crime. The effective management of this illegal trade is an important facet of wildlife forensic sciences and can be a key factor in the enforcement of effective legislation surrounding the illegal trade of protected and endangered species. However, the science of wildlife forensics is limited by the absence of a comprehensive database for wildlife investigations. Inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR) coupled with high resolution melting analysis (HRM) have been effectively used for species identification of 38 mammalian species. Six primers of the ISSR markers were chosen for species identification analysis. From six ISSR primers resulting in a range of accuracy of 33.3%–100% and 100% in terms of precision in every primer. Furthermore, 161 mammalian samples were 100% distinguished to the correct species using these six ISSR primers. ISSR-HRM analysis was successfully employed in determining mammal identification among varying mammalian species, and thus could serve as an effective alternative tool or technique in the species identification process. This option would offer researchers a heightened level of convenience in terms of its performance and the ease with which researchers or field practice veterinarians would be able to interpret results in effectively identifying animal parts at wildlife investigation crime scenes.

Gastrointestinal myoelectric activity in conscious guinea pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. G92-G99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Galligan ◽  
M. Costa ◽  
J. B. Furness
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Gastric Antrum ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Intestinal Slow Waves

Myoelectric activity was recorded from the gastric antrum and small intestine of conscious, unrestrained guinea pigs using bipolar Ag-Ag chloride electrodes that had been previously implanted under pentobarbital sodium/Innovar anesthesia. In fasted guinea pigs, the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was recorded from the small intestine and was observed to propagate aborally at a speed that declined with distance from the pylorus (range of speeds of the front of phase 3: 17.5 cm/min in the duodenum to 4.1 cm/min in the ileum). The complex was not disrupted by feeding but occurred less frequently in the freely fed state (82-min cycle period in the fasted state versus 139 min in the fed state). The complex started in the duodenum and was accompanied by a brief (6.3 +/- 0.9 min) period of inhibition of antral myoelectric activity. Slow waves were also recorded from the gastric antrum (10.3 +/- 1.3/min) and the small intestine. The frequency of intestinal slow waves was uniform along the length of the bowel (26.2 +/- 1.3/min in the duodenum to 24.7 +/- 1.3/min in the ileum). It is concluded that the guinea pig is similar to other mammalian species, so far examined, in its pattern of gastrointestinal myoelectric activity.

A longitudinal study of cardiac output in unstressed pregnant guinea pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (6) ◽  
pp. R698-R701
Author(s):  
S. A. Myers ◽  
H. Y. Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Placental Blood ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Placental Blood Flow

A previous study in pregnant guinea pigs failed to demonstrate any increase in cardiac output when a group of pregnant animals was compared with four nonpregnant animals. In the current study an increase in cardiac output of 35 +/- 14 (SE) ml/min, a 13% increase, was observed during an average 2-wk interval between 44 and 58 days of pregnancy (P less than 0.05, term 68 days, n = 8). A significant increase in placental blood flow of 14.8 +/- 6.2 ml/min (42% increase, P less than 0.05) was also observed during this interval without significant change in the percentage of cardiac output going to the uterus. The data on cardiac output and its distribution to the uteroplacental circulations are consistent with reports in other mammalian species; to accommodate the increased demands of the uteroplacental circulation, cardiac output increases as pregnancy advances. These data demonstrate that multiple observations in the same animal describe cardiac output and its distribution more accurately than a single observation.

scholarly journals Acute Mania as an Essential Contributor for Failed Extubation in an Asthmatic Patient: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Siti Nor Fadhlina Misron ◽  
Lukmanul Hakim Misron ◽  
Ang Yit Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Asthmatic Patient ◽  
Acute Mania ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Asthmatic Attack ◽  
Successful Extubation

Failed extubation is not uncommon in intensive care unit and are known to have high morbidity outcomes. The predictors are well-established and known to intensivist, but the complexity is to identify the contributors of these predictive factors. The failure to treat the contributing factors hampered the effort towards successful extubation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acute mania as the essential contributor for failed extubation. This case report illustrates on how an acute mania state prompting an exacerbation of asthmatic attack due to the physical and emotional hyperarousal that ultimately led to the failed extubation.

Short Duration Time Constant Associated With Chewing in the Guinea Pig

Behaviour ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 497-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Goldberg ◽  
Geoffrey E. Gerstner
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Temporal Perception ◽  
Oscillatory Mechanism

AbstractPrevious investigations have reported a time constant on the order of a few seconds associated with temporal perception in humans, and with movement patterns in humans and other mammalian species. It has been suggested that the time constant represents the operation of a physiological oscillatory mechanism that is common among many mammalian species. However, the time constant has not yet been observed in laboratory animals; therefore, there is no laboratory-based behavior paradigm upon which studies into the physiological nature of this time constant can be based. Because of our familiarity with guinea pig feeding, the current study was undertaken in order to find evidence of the time constant in feeding-associated activities of guinea pigs. Eleven guinea pigs were starved for a 24 hr period, then placed individually into a rich behavioral arena for 30 min, during which time they were videotaped continuously while they roamed freely. The animals inevitably ate during these videotape sessions, and a detailed analysis of chewing parameters was done. It was found that chewing typically occurs in bursts, and that the median burst duration was 1.03 - 3.46 s for individual animals. Chewing burst durations were similar to the durations of many movement patterns in other species including humans. This provides further support for the hypothesis that there is a highly conserved time constant associated with movement patterns in mammals. It is believed that guinea pig chewing bursts provide a convenient laboratory based model for elucidating the neuro-physiologic mechanisms of this time constant.

scholarly journals Risk factors for surgical site infections in neurosurgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Patel ◽  
D Thompson ◽  
S Innocent ◽  
V Narbad ◽  
R Selway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Reoperation Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Patients

Introduction Surgical site infections (SSIs) are of profound significance in neurosurgical departments, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. There are limited public data regarding the incidence of SSIs in neurosurgery. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of SSIs (particularly those requiring reoperation) over a seven-year period and identify factors leading to an increased risk. Methods An age matched retrospective analysis was undertaken of a series of 16,513 patients at a single centre. All patients who required reoperation for suspected SSIs within a 7-year period were identified. Exclusion criteria comprised absence of infective material intraoperatively and patients presenting with primary infections. Clinical notes were reviewed to confirm presence or absence of suspected risk factors. Results Of the 16,513 patients in the study, 1.20% required at least one further operation to treat a SSI. Wound leak (odds ratio [OR]: 27.41), dexamethasone use (OR: 3.55), instrumentation (OR: 2.74) and operative duration >180 minutes (OR: 1.85) were statistically significant risk factors for reoperation. Conclusions This is the first UK study of such a duration that has documented a SSI reoperation rate in a cohort of this size. Various risk factors are associated with the development of SSIs, making it essential to have robust auditing and monitoring of high risk patients to ensure excellent standards of healthcare. Departmental and public registers to record all SSIs may be beneficial, particularly for those treated solely by general practitioners, allowing units to address potential risk factors prior to surgical intervention.

scholarly journals The Role of Surveillance Bronchoscopy Following a Lung Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehab Mohamed ◽  
◽  
Davide Tosi ◽  
Sara Pieropan ◽  
Andrea Cara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome ◽  
Transbronchial Biopsy ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Risk And Benefit

Pulmonary transplantation (LuTx) is established as a treatment option for patients with end-stage lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Acute rejection and infection are implicated as potential risk factors in developing complications such as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and chronic rejection, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates after the LuTx. Thus, surveillance procedures after transplantation are crucial to prevent further complications. Clinical monitoring is done through pulmonary function tests and procedural methods such as surveillance bronchoscopy and transbronchial biopsy of lung allografts, which are the most commonly used diagnostic tests. In this review, we aim to analyze the role of bronchoscopy as a surveillance procedure in determining the presence of infection or rejection as well as the management of airway complications after LuTx. We have also discussed the risk and benefit ratio of standard transbronchial biopsy (TBB) and transbronchial cryobiopsy (TCB) as routine performance after LuTx.

Risk factors of prostate cancer

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
A. M. Siraziev ◽  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
M. Y. Ulyanin
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Health Organization

Prostate cancer is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. According to the World Health Organization data, 1.2 million cases of the disease and 358,000 deaths because of prostate cancer were recorded in 2018. This nosology takes the second place in the structure of oncological morbidity, and the sixth place in the structure of cancer-associated mortality. A large number of works have been devoted to the study of the etiopathogenesis of prostate cancer. In this review, we attempted to summarize some of the results of studies of risk factors for this disease. The article analyzes the results of studies on the possible impact on the development of the disease of both biological factors (age, race, the presence of certain genetic polymorphisms), and lifestyle-related factors (nutrition, obesity, alcohol use, smoking). Despite the urgency of the problem and the huge number of studies conducted, up to date, only for a number of unmodifiable factors, such as age, race, heredity, their unconditional role in the development of prostate cancer have proved. There is no clarity regarding the significance of the role of modifiable, factors, including behavioral, in the development of the disease. The data from the studies are contradictory and not very convincing. Further research in this direction is necessary to get information about the contribution of potential risk factors to the etiopathogenesis of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Depression in children with thalassemia major: prevalence and contributing factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-8
Author(s):  
Venty Venty ◽  
Rismarini Rismarini ◽  
Dian Puspitasari ◽  
Yudianita Kesuma ◽  
Raden Muhammad Indra
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Factors Affecting

Background Thalassemia major is a chronic disease requiring lifetime treatment. A recent study showed that 11-62% of thalassemia patients developed depression, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Understanding the extent of the problem related to depression and its contributing factors is important for early management. Objective To determine the prevalence and contributing factors for depression in children with thalassemia major. Methods This cross-sectional observational analytic study included thalassemia major patients aged 7 to <18 years in the Department of Child Health, Dr. Moh. Hoesin General Hospital (RSMH) in Palembang from June to July 2018 and had received blood transfusions at least 3 times. Subjects completed the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) questionnaire. Depression was defined as a total score > 13. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows ver. 22.0. Results There were 64 patients included in this study, with mean age 12 (SD 3) years and 82.8% female. Most subjects came from families with low socio-economic status and low parental education. Deferiprone was the most commonly used type of iron-chelating agent. Depression was detected in 34.4% of respondents. Multivariate analysis revealed that factors affecting depression in children with thalassemia major were low maternal education (OR 4.014; 95%CI 1.066 to 15.112) and use of deferasirox (OR 4.129; 95%CI 1.168 to 14.601). Conclusion Prevalence of depression in children with thalassemia major is 34.4%. Low maternal education and deferasirox use as an iron-chelating agent are associated with depression in children with thalassemia major.

scholarly journals A Modified Drake Equation for Assessing Adversarial Risk to Machine Learning Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Kalin ◽  
David Noever ◽  
Matthew Ciolino ◽  
Gerry Dozier
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Empirical Measures ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Adversarial Attack ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Machine learning models present a risk of adversarial attack when deployed in production. Quantifying the contributing factors and uncertainties using empirical measures could assist the industry with assessing the risk of downloading and deploying common model types. This work proposes modifying the traditional Drake Equation’s formalism to estimate the number of potentially successful adversarial attacks on a deployed model. The Drake Equation is famously used for parameterizing uncertainties and it has been used in many research fields outside of its original intentions to estimate the number of radio-capable extra-terrestrial civilizations. While previous work has outlined methods for discovering vulnerabilities in public model architectures, the proposed equation seeks to provide a semi-quantitative benchmark for evaluating and estimating the potential risk factors for adversarial attacks.

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