scholarly journals The impact of experts on tax policy in post-war Britain and Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (s1) ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Per F. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Risks ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

During the decades after World War II, countries began shifting taxation from income to consumption. This shift has been associated with an expanding welfare state and left-wing dominance. However, the pattern is far from uniform and while some left-wing governments indeed expanded consumption taxation, others did not. This paper seeks to explain why, by exploring how experts influenced post-war tax policy in Britain and Sweden. Experts influence is crucial when explaining how the left began to see consumption tax not as a threat but as an opportunity. Interestingly, the influence of experts such as Nicholas Kaldor in Britain was different from the impact of Swedish experts (e.g. Gösta Rehn). I make the argument that the impact of expert advice is contingent on the political risks facing governments. The low risks facing the Swedish Left made it more amenable to the advantages of broad-based sales taxes, while the high-risk environment in Britain made Labour reject these ideas.

The Impact of World War II on the Demand for Female Workers in Manufacturing

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-574
Author(s):  
Dina Shatnawi ◽  
Price Fishback
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
World War ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Boom Period

Most studies of female workers in the 1940s focus on labor supply. We use the basics of supply and demand to measure the impact of WWII on the short- and medium-run demand for female workers in manufacturing. Demand rose for both salaried and production female workers during the war and then fell after the war. However, the post-war demands for both groups were substantially higher than before the war and higher than the levels that would have been reached had the demands followed a counterfactual growth path from the boom period in the 1920s.

Soldiers, Ex-Servicemen, and Politics in the Gold Coast, 1939–50

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Killingray
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

Much has been written and assumed about the impact of World War II on the political consciousness of African soldiers. It has been stated that as a result of their military service the veterans developed a new political awareness, and that consequently they played a singnificant rôle in the nascent nationalist movements of the post-war period. This argument has been presented more persuasively for East Africa, although some of the evidence produced to support the thesis appears at times rather thin. It has been strongly contested for West Africa.

scholarly journals Antidote to Civil War? European ‘small states’ and political legitimacy during World War II

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Ioannis D. Stefanidis
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Small States ◽  
World War ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

The experience of European small states involved in World War II varied widely. Not all of them entered the war as victims of aggression, and even those that did so did not necessarily share the same dire consequences of warfare and/or foreign occupation; they also exited the war in, sometimes dramatically different ways: a number of small states entered the post-war period relatively peacefully, other were plunged into civil war, while a third category experienced a measure of unrest short of civil strife. It is argued in this paper that, among the factors influencing the outcome of a European small state’s involvement in World War II, the political legitimacy of its government should not be underestimated. The impact of this factor was particularly felt during the sensitive transition period from war and/or occupation into peacetime. Reinterpreting existing material, it is further argued that, during the war, democratic legitimacy increasingly appeared to guarantee a safer ground for both withstanding wartime travails and achieving a relatively smooth restoration of free national institutions, without the risk of civil war.

scholarly journals The impact of World War II on the population of Gdańsk

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Sylwia Bykowska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
German Population ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
Post War ◽  
Free City Of Danzig ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of World War II on the fortunes of the population of Gdańsk, which was incorporated into Poland together with eastern parts of Germany. The development of ethnic relationships in the areas described in post-war Poland as the "regained territories" was determined by the national idea. The German population was resettled, whilst the people of the Polish-German borderlands had to prove their ethnic usefulness by means of ethnic vetting. In Gdańsk, this applied mainly to the inhabitants of the pre-war Free City of Danzig.

EDUCATION AND SCIENCE IN UZBEKISTAN AFTER WORLD WAR II

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Aygul Raimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World

The article examines the state of science and education in Uzbekistan in the post-war period. The issues of opening new higher educational institutions, building schools and training personnel are investigated. The article analyzes the achievements of science, the exit of scientists of Uzbekistan into the international arena, achievements in the field of natural and humanitarian areas of science. In general, the article considers the attempts to reform the education system after the end of the Second World War, the difficulties associated with them, their positive and negative consequences, as well as the impact of education on the spiritual and cultural life of the country.

Twilight over England? Archaeological Excavation in England 1938–1945

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-359
Author(s):  
Tim N.L. Evans
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
World War ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Rescue Work ◽  
Archaeological Practice ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the location and context of archaeological investigations in England between 1938 and 1945. The analysis of sources, including national inventories and contemporary journals, dispels any notion that archaeological practice was suspended during World War II, despite the absence of some leading practitioners, and reveals that a surprising amount of salvage and research fieldwork took place. Fieldwork was primarily in the south of the country; it reflects pre-war investigative trends, contemporary knowledge, opinion of the archaeological resource, and the increased threat of war-related construction work, but also the impact of immediate post-war concerns such as housing and infrastructure. Although primarily undertaken by established excavators employed by the Ministry of Works, a substantial amount of rescue work was carried out by small groups, local societies, and individuals often outside State funding, which reflects an independent culture of fieldwork that continues to the present day.

scholarly journals PEACE EDUCATION: LESSONS FROM POST-WAR JAPAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
Nirmali Wijegoonawardana
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Peace Education ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Constructive Approach ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

The experience of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombing during World War II is the main feature of Peace Education in Japan. The historical significance of nuclear bombing is unique to Japan. Therefore, this paper aims to understand the impact of constructive approaches in a post-war traumatized society on Peace Education. The research seeks to explore Peace Education as being the most relevant and constructive approach for building a peaceful society. Therefore, this study will explore lessons from post-war Japan. This study has primarily employed qualitative methods, with simple quantitative methods such as frequency and spatial analysis to investigate the study. The findings are expected to contribute towards the use of education to build a peaceful society. This research will also attempt to inculcate a positive attitude towards moral values.

scholarly journals REPERTOIRE TRADITION OF THE UKRAINIAN DRAMA THEATRE: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Kateryna Matvieieva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to find out the repertoire traditions of Ukrainian theatre from the first professional theatre to the present day. The research methodology applies an interdisciplinary approach. In particular, the principle of historicism is an opportunity to trace the change in the repertoire policy of theatres under the influence of sociopolitical circumstances. Structural-functional and macrodynamic methods to study the theatre at different stages of development are methods of analysis and synthesis used to identify the main artistic phenomena and trends in theatrical activities. Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis of the repertoire plays of five Ukrainian theatres: the Theatre of Coryphaei, Taras Shevchenko Kharkiv Academic Ukrainian Drama Theatre, Taras Shevchenko Dnipro National Academic Ukrainian Music and Drama Theatre, Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theatre, Maria Zankovetska Theatre — trends in the development of the repertoire policy of the Ukrainian theatre are identified, the influence of traditions and society on the work of leading Ukrainian theatre figures is justified; the boundaries of the concept of “repertoire traditions” are expanded. Conclusions. The article examines the peculiarities of the development of Ukrainian theatre from the creation of the first professional theatre in Ukraine to the present day, highlights the impact of repertoire censorship. Five stages of the formation of the repertoire traditions of Ukrainian drama theatres are described: the period of the birth of Ukrainian drama (I. Kotliarevsky); further repertoire traditions in Tsarist Russia era; the formation of modern Ukrainian theatre (Les Kurbas); the period of World War II and post-war times, when there were attempts to transform the Ukrainian theatre into a Soviet one. It was found out that a unique feature of modern Ukrainian theatre is performances on second stages, one-person production, and the use of advanced technology.

Anti-Jewish Incidents in the Lublin Region in the Early Years after World War II

2008 ◽  
pp. 177-205
Author(s):  
Adam Kopciowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Post War ◽  
Anti Jewish

In the early years following World War II, the Lublin region was one of the most important centres of Jewish life. At the same time, during 1944-1946 it was the scene of anti-Jewish incidents: from anti-Semitic propaganda, accusation of ritual murder, economic boycott, to cases of individual or collective murder. The wave of anti-Jewish that lasted until autumn of 1946 resulted in a lengthy and, no doubt incomplete, list of 118 murdered Jews. Escalating anti-Jewish violence in the immediate post-war years was one of the main factors, albeit not the only one, to affect the demography (mass emigration) and the socio-political condition of the Jewish population in the Lublin region

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