scholarly journals Using an acoustic levitator to investigate the drying kinetics and solids forming process of individual droplets during spray drying

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Huelsmann ◽  
Guenter J. Esper ◽  
Reinhard Kohlus
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acoustic Levitator

AbstractSpray drying is a widely used process to turn slurries into dry powders and is especially important for thermally-sensitive materials, that are often found in the food or pharmaceutical industry. However, detailed insight into the drying kinetics during spray drying is difficult to investigate due to the boundary conditions in a spray drying tower. As a result, there is a lack of important information on the drying process and subsequent solidification of individual droplets. In this context, an experimental setup for a droplet positioned in a stationary ultrasonic field of an acoustic levitator is designed to enable a non-contacting measurement of the drying kinetics and the subsequent solidification process. To generate a comparable situation like in a real spray drying process, the droplet is positioned in an airflow, where air temperature, humidity, and velocity can be adjusted over wide range. Using an infrared camera to measure the surface temperature and a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) camera for object recognition, the droplet can be observed continuously and drying kinetics of the droplet can be determined from the measured surface temperature and decreasing droplet size. Result of a 10 wt.% aqueous micro particle TiO2 suspension are reported and show that the investigated method is a very valuable and fast tool to safely scale-up spray drying systems very close to real process conditions. Especially when only small sample amounts are available in an early development stage.

A Scaling-up Approach from Experimental Tunnel to Spray Dryer

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan-You Li ◽  
Ireneusz Zbicinski ◽  
Jing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Initial Water

A scaling-up approach from drying of a thin layer wet material in a experimental tunnel to a pilot scale spray drying was developed through determining drying kinetics of quick evaporation process. Maltodextin was selected as solid material in solution to be dried. Critical moisture contents as a function of initial water evaporation rate (drying rate) shows that there is the same variation between the small scale test tunnel and the pilot scale spray dryer. Result of CFD modelling demonstrates that drying kinetics obtained from the small-scale tunnel could be properly applied to scale-up the spray drying process.

scholarly journals Role of Fiber Morphology in Thermal Bonding

2002 ◽  
Vol os-11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1558925002OS-01
Author(s):  
Subhash Chand ◽  
Gajanan S. Bhat ◽  
Joseph E. Spruiell ◽  
Sanjiv Malkan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Staple Fiber ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Thermal Bonding ◽  
Wide Range

The role of fiber morphology in a thermal point bonding operation was investigated. Primary objectives were to understand the changes taking place in fiber structure due to applied heat and pressure, and the role of fiber morphology in determining optimum process conditions and properties of the webs. To study fibers with varying morphology, i.e., from partially drawn as in spunbonding to fully drawn as in staple fiber nonwovens, fibers with a wide range of crystallinity and orientation were spun and characterized, from two polypropylene resins. Thermally bonded carded webs were produced, using these fibers, and characterized in order to understand thermal bonding behavior of fibers with different morphology. The fibers with different morphology differed significantly in their bonding behavior. The fibers with higher molecular orientation and crystallinity tended to form a weak and brittle bond due to lack of polymer flow and fibrillation of the fibers in the bonded regions. In general, fibers with lower molecular orientation and lower crystallinity yielded stronger and tougher webs. Fibers with relatively less developed morphology also exhibited lower optimum bonding temperature. Morphological changes in fibers were observed during the thermal bonding process, in bonded as well as unbonded regions of the web. As a final step to see how the observations from staple-fiber study translate to one of the relevant processes during scale-up, spunbond studies were also conducted in a similar way.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Surfactants Mixtures in Aqueous Solution at Atmospheric Pressure and 10 bar Reservoir Atmosphere

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Elekes ◽  
Roland Nagy ◽  
László Bartha ◽  
Árpád Vágó
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Water Type ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Wide Range

This paper considers anionic and nonionic surfactants, as candidates for crude oil production by enhancement applications. In this study some colloidal properties of surfactants were tested by conventional and new test methods. The oil in water type emulsions have great importance in the petroleum industry. The stability of crude oil in water emulsions are investigated in a wide range of physical and chemical circumstances. Investigations at 10 bar are needed to get knowledges on the real conditions of the given petroleum exploration processes. A special glass cell was used for the tests of the mixtures various crude oil-water emulsions under hydrocarbon gas atmosphere and for the oil disclapement efficiency. Based on the experimental results it was found that emulsifying capacity was changed significantly by the real process conditions. The decrease of the density of hydrocarbon phase was contributed to the overall reduction in the efficiency of emulsifiers also occurred. Based on the experimented data it is supported to pay more attention to apply the real test conditions or approximate the real values.

Synthesis of Cu-Coated Ni-Based Amorphous Composite Powders by Gas Atomization and Spray Drying Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoung Kee Kim ◽  
Yong Jin Kim ◽  
Jin Chun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Glass ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Gas Atomization ◽  
Initial Powder ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Atomization Process ◽  
Micron Size

Ni59Zr20Ti16Si2Sn3 bulk metallic glass (BMG) powders were produced by a gas atomization process, and ductile Cu powders were coated on the Ni-based BMG powders using a spray drying process in order to increase the ductility. Characteristics of the as-prepared powders with the atomization and spray drying process conditions were investigated. The atomization was conducted at 1450oC under the vacuum of 10-2 torr and the powders were mixed with water-soluble Cu nitrate. The mixture was sprayed at the temperature of 130oC to prepared initial powder. After reduction treatment, sub-micron size Cu powders were successfully coated on the surface of the atomized Ni BMG powders.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation of Essential Oils by Spray-Drying and Influencing Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Trang Nguyen ◽  
Thi Van Anh Le ◽  
Nhu Ngoc Dang ◽  
Dan Chi Nguyen ◽  
Phu Thuong Nhan Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Determining Factors

Essential oils (EOs) are known as any aromatic oily organic substances which are naturally synthesized in plants. Exhibiting a broad range of biological activities, EOs have played a key role in numerous industries for ages, including pharmaceutical, textile, and food. However, the volatility and high sensitivity to environmental influences pose challenges to the application of EOs on industrial scale. Microencapsulation via the spray-drying method is one of the promising techniques to overcome these challenges, thanks to the presence of wall materials that properly protect the core EOs from oxidation and evaporation. By optimization of key factors related to the infeed emulsion properties and spray-drying process, the encapsulation efficiency and retention of encapsulated EOs could be significantly improved, thus allowing a wide range of EO applications. This review attempts to discuss on different determining factors of the spray-drying process to develop an effective encapsulation formula for EOs. Furthermore, recent applications of encapsulated EOs in the fields of foods, pharmaceuticals, and textile industries are also thoroughly addressed.

Design and scale-up of Venturi-tube gas distributors for bubble column reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindřich Zahradník ◽  
Milan Rylek
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Column ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Energy Dissipation Rate ◽  
Venturi Tube ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
Industrial Reactor ◽  
Real Process

General principles of ejector distributors performance are surveyed and demonstrated for two particular cases of Venturi tubes commonly employed for gas dispersion in tower reactors with forced liquid circulation. Design recommendations for the two types of Venturi-tube gas distributors are presented and a general method is outlined for ejector distributors scale-up, based on the decisive effect of energy dissipation rate on the distributors performance. As an illustration, the specific case of Venturi-tube gas distributor design for an industrial reactor for catalytic hydrogenation of rape-seed oil is treated in detail. The procedure included design of a small-scale laboratory reactor for kinetic experiments at real process conditions (scale-down step) and subsequent ejector distributor scale up to dimensions corresponding to the industrial reactor (vessel diameter 1.6 m, effective reactor volume ~ 5 m3). Comparison with other modes of gas dispersion proved superiority of Venturi-tube distributors both on the laboratory- and industrial-scale level, regarding the overall rate of reaction process achieved and/or catalyst load requirements.

scholarly journals Optimisation of spray drying process conditions for sugar nanoporous microparticles (NPMPs) intended for inhalation

2011 ◽  
Vol 421 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Amaro ◽  
Lidia Tajber ◽  
Owen I. Corrigan ◽  
Anne Marie Healy
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Drying Process
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