A Scaling-up Approach from Experimental Tunnel to Spray Dryer

A scaling-up approach from drying of a thin layer wet material in a experimental tunnel to a pilot scale spray drying was developed through determining drying kinetics of quick evaporation process. Maltodextin was selected as solid material in solution to be dried. Critical moisture contents as a function of initial water evaporation rate (drying rate) shows that there is the same variation between the small scale test tunnel and the pilot scale spray dryer. Result of CFD modelling demonstrates that drying kinetics obtained from the small-scale tunnel could be properly applied to scale-up the spray drying process.

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What does it Take to Scale up and Sustain Evidence-Based Practices?

Council review ◽

10.1177/0014402913079002061 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 195-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janette K. Klingner ◽

Alison G. Boardman ◽

Kristen L. Mcmaster

Keyword(s):

Research Policy ◽

Scale Up ◽

Scaling Up ◽

District Leadership ◽

Small Scale ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Evidence Based Practices ◽

Strategic Reading ◽

Collaborative Strategic Reading

This article discusses the strategic scaling up of evidence-based practices. The authors draw from the scholarly work of fellow special education researchers and from the field of learning sciences. The article defines scaling up as the process by which researchers or educators initially implement interventions on a small scale, validate them, and then implement them more widely in real-world conditions. Examples of scale-up research are included. The authors discuss challenges to scaling up and sustaining evidence-based practices, followed by factors that can potentially support scaling up, including professional development and district leadership. A case example describes how these issues can play out by highlighting experiences with a Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) scale-up research project in a large urban school district. The article concludes by offering recommendations for research, policy, and practice.

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Exploring the scope for Normalisation Process Theory to help evaluate and understand the processes involved when scaling up integrated models of care: a case study of the scaling up of the Gnosall memory service

Journal of Integrated Care ◽

10.1108/jica-11-2018-0072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Clark ◽

David Jolley ◽

Susan Mary Benbow ◽

Nicola Greaves ◽

Ian Greaves

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Scale Up ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Process Theory ◽

Normalisation Process Theory ◽

Small Scale ◽

Content Type ◽

Service Models ◽

Integrated Service

PurposeThe scaling up of promising, innovative integration projects presents challenges to social and health care systems. Evidence that a new service provides (cost) effective care in a (pilot) locality can often leave us some way from understanding how the innovation worked and what was crucial about the context to achieve the goals evidenced when applied to other localities. Even unpacking the “black box” of the innovation can still leave gaps in understanding with regard to scaling it up. Theory-led approaches are increasingly proposed as a means of helping to address this knowledge gap in understanding implementation. Our particular interest here is exploring the potential use of theory to help with understanding scaling up integration models across sites. The theory under consideration is Normalisation Process Theory (NPT).Design/methodology/approachThe article draws on a natural experiment providing a range of data from two sites working to scale up a well-thought-of, innovative integrated, primary care-based dementia service to other primary care sites. This provided an opportunity to use NPT as a means of framing understanding to explore what the theory adds to considering issues contributing to the success or failure of such a scaling up project.FindingsNPT offers a framework to potentially develop greater consistency in understanding the roll out of models of integrated care. The knowledge gained here and through further application of NPT could be applied to inform evaluation and planning of scaling-up programmes in the future.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was limited in the data collected from the case study; nevertheless, in the context of an exploration of the use of the theory, the observations provided a practical context in which to begin to examine the usefulness of NPT prior to embarking on its use in more expensive, larger-scale studies.Practical implicationsNPT provides a promising framework to better understand the detail of integrated service models from the point of view of what may contribute to their successful scaling up.Social implicationsNPT potentially provides a helpful framework to understand and manage efforts to have new integrated service models more widely adopted in practice and to help ensure that models which are effective in the small scale develop effectively when scaled up.Originality/valueThis paper examines the use of NPT as a theory to guide understanding of scaling up promising innovative integration service models.

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Effect of Drying Temperature of Small Scale Spray Dryer on Physical Properties of Coffee Powder

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.47836/pjst.28.4.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi ◽

Dwi Ayuni ◽

Tsania Ayu Rohani ◽

Devi Yuni Susanti

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Product Yield ◽

Feed Solution ◽

Small Scale ◽

Inlet Temperature ◽

Spray Dryer ◽

Drying Process ◽

High Product Yield

Nowadays, coffee has become one of the most favorable commodities for beverages, flavoring as well as for cosmetic industries. In Indonesia, coffee becomes more popular, especially among youngsters. In this study, the spray drying process was evaluated, giving the potential of how simple spray dryer can help local farmers of Indonesia to produce their coffee powders. One small scale of spray dryer was constructed with the total dimensions of 2.85 x 0.64 for length x width, with a height of 2.32 m. The spray dryer was equipped with a digital thermo regulator, the pneumatic nozzle system, and 4 finned heaters with the power of 2700 watt for each. The spray drying constructed was revealed to be able to produce coffee powders with fine quality. The inlet temperature of the drying chamber, as well as the initial Brix content of feed solution, were proven to affect the physical properties of powder produced such as moisture content, product yield, and solubility. The final moisture content of powders was ranged from 3 - 7% db, with the high product yield of the drying process, which could reach up to 70%.

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Scale-up and biomass hold-up characteristics of biological fluidized bed reactors

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0779 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (10-11) ◽

pp. 353-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. Ozturk ◽

M. Turan ◽

A. H. Idris

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Scale Up ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽

Biofilm Thickness ◽

Study Results ◽

Scaling Down ◽

Comprehensive Study

This paper presents a comprehensive study results on scale-up and biomass hold-up characteristics of biological fluidized bed reactors (BFBR). The overall objective of this study was to establish and test some basic design criteria for the scaling-up or scaling-down of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors. A 12.5 1 laboratory-scale fluidized bed was designed and constructed based on a geometrically similar 70 1 pilot scale fluidized bed and the process performances were compared. Biomass hold up characteristics of the BFBRs were also investigated during the experimental studies. A general expression was developed for predicting the biological fludized bed porosities. Using this expression, both the local and overall fluidized bed porosities could be predicted depending on biofilm thickness, expansion coefficient, media diameter and density. The validity of this expression was tested with the data from this study.

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Milligram-scale, temperature-controlled ball milling to provide an informed basis for scale-up to reactive extrusion

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1gc02174e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joel Andersen ◽

Hunter Starbuck ◽

Tia Current ◽

Scott Martin ◽

James Mack

Keyword(s):

Ball Milling ◽

Scale Up ◽

Reactive Extrusion ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Temperature ◽

Temperature Controlled

It is demonstrated that temperature-controlled ball milling is a key component for scaling up small-scale mechanochemistry.

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Determination of Spray-Drying Kinetics in a Small Scale

Drying Technology ◽

10.1081/drt-200065197 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 1751-1759 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

I. Zbiciński ◽

M. Piatkowski ◽

W. Prajs

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Drying Kinetics ◽

Small Scale

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ESCALONAMENTO DE TECNOLOGIAS: DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PRODUTO E PROCESSO DO LABORATÓRIO À ESCALA PILOTO CONECTADO AO MERCADO (PARTE 1)

Química Nova ◽

10.21577/0100-4042.20170665 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elimar Vasconcellos ◽

Priscila Souza ◽

Marcella Franco ◽

Vinícius Castro ◽

Lorena Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Plant ◽

Process Development ◽

Scale Up ◽

Feasibility Studies ◽

Basic Research ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

One Step ◽

Expensive Process

TECHNOLOGY SCALE UP: PROCESS DEVELOPMENT FROM THE LABORATORY TO PILOT SCALE CONNECTED TO MARKET (PART 1). In this article, it is described the main aspects to be considered during the process of scaling up hard sciences technologies developed in the Science and Technology Institutes aiming at industrial application. Based on the experience of our group in scaling up, pre-acceleration, and acceleration of different technologies, a methodology was developed and divided into four main stages: Step 1, which involves basic research, Step 2 with a focus on product development, and Step 3 with a focus on process development, all on the laboratory scale and the last one, Step 4 focused on pilot plant development. The most important aspect of this article is to show that many critical questions can be answered even in the laboratory phase. In this way, the risks of Step 4 are minimized. Step 4 is a complicated, lengthy, and expensive process of construction and operation of a pilot plant. Aspects such as proof of concept, technical and economic feasibility studies, minimum viable product, capital expenditures, and operating expenses of pilot plants are approached in a simplified way to serve as a basis for researchers who wants to know the long path to be followed by technology before reaching the industry, consequently the market.

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Scaling-up NLP Pipelines to Process Large Corpora of Clinical Notes

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.3414/me14-02-0018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 54 (06) ◽

pp. 548-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. Carter ◽

A. Redd ◽

Q. Zeng ◽

K. Gupta ◽

B. Trautner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Language Processing ◽

Salt Lake ◽

Scale Up ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Small Scale ◽

Original Algorithm ◽

Clinical Notes ◽

Tract Infections

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Big Data and Analytics in Healthcare”.Objectives: This paper describes the scale-up efforts at the VA Salt Lake City Health Care System to address processing large corpora of clinical notes through a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline. The use case described is a current project focused on detecting the presence of an indwelling uri-nary catheter in hospitalized patients and subsequent catheter-associated urinary tract infections.Methods: An NLP algorithm using v3NLP was developed to detect the presence of an indwelling urinary catheter in hospitalized patients. The algorithm was tested on a small corpus of notes on patients for whom the presence or absence of a catheter was already known (reference standard). In planning for a scale-up, we estimated that the original algorithm would have taken 2.4 days to run on a larger corpus of notes for this project (550,000 notes), and 27 days for a corpus of 6 million records representative of a national sample of notes. We approached scaling-up NLP pipelines through three techniques: pipeline replication via multi-threading, intra-annotator threading for tasks that can be further decomposed, and remote annotator services which enable annotator scale-out.Results: The scale-up resulted in reducing the average time to process a record from 206 milliseconds to 17 milliseconds or a 12-fold increase in performance when applied to a corpus of 550,000 notes.Conclusions: Purposely simplistic in nature, these scale-up efforts are the straight forward evolution from small scale NLP processing to larger scale extraction without incurring associated complexities that are inherited by the use of the underlying UIMA framework. These efforts represent generalizable and widely applicable techniques that will aid other computationally complex NLP pipelines that are of need to be scaled out for processing and analyzing big data.

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Theoretical and Practical Issues That Are Relevant When Scaling Up hMSC Microcarrier Production Processes

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2016/4760414 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Valentin Jossen ◽

Cedric Schirmer ◽

Dolman Mostafa Sindi ◽

Regine Eibl ◽

Matthias Kraume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Scale Up ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Culture Broth ◽

Cell Therapies ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽

Cell Densities ◽

Stirred Bioreactors

The potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for allogeneic cell therapies has created a large amount of interest. However, this presupposes the availability of efficient scale-up procedures. Promising results have been reported for stirred bioreactors that operate with microcarriers. Recent publications focusing on microcarrier-based stirred bioreactors have demonstrated the successful use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and suspension criteria (NS1u,NS1) for rapidly scaling up hMSC expansions from mL- to pilot scale. Nevertheless, one obstacle may be the formation of large microcarrier-cell-aggregates, which may result in mass transfer limitations and inhomogeneous distributions of stem cells in the culture broth. The dependence of microcarrier-cell-aggregate formation on impeller speed and shear stress levels was investigated for human adipose derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) at the spinner scale by recording the Sauter mean diameter (d32) versus time. Cultivation at the suspension criteria providedd32values between 0.2 and 0.7 mm, the highest cell densities (1.25 × 106cells mL−1hASCs), and the highest expansion factors (117.0 ± 4.7 on day 7), while maintaining the expression of specific surface markers. Furthermore, suitability of the suspension criterionNS1uwas investigated for scaling up microcarrier-based processes in wave-mixed bioreactors for the first time.

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