Exogenous ascorbic acid or thiamine increases the resistance of sunflower and maize plants to salt stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hamada ◽  
A. Al-Hakimi
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Salinity Levels

Increasing NaCl levels retarded the net photosynthetic rate, biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and membrane integrity of maize and sunflower seedlings; a serious effect was exhibited when NaCl was applied at high concentration. On the other hand, the K + efflux increased at increasing NaCl levels. In addition, the various salt levels induced considerable variations in the concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The vitamins applied were generally effective in partially or completely countering the inhibitory effects of salt stress on net photosynthetic rate, pigments biosynthesis and membrane integrity, exerting a stimulatory action on these parameters, especially in plants subjected to moderate and low salinity levels. The leakage of K + was reduced by the application of both ascorbic acid (AsA) and thiamine (B 1 ). Soaking the seeds of salt-stressed plants in AsA or B 1 had a favourable effect on the accumulation of certain ions and antagonized or ameliorated the inhibitory effect of salt stress.

scholarly journals Response of in vitro Cultured Palm Oil Seedling Under Saline Condition to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density

2012 ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Pet Roey Pascual ◽  
Krienkai Mosaleeyanon ◽  
Kanokwan Romyanon ◽  
Chalermpol Kirdmanee
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Ambient Co2

Salt stress elicits various physiological and growth responses of oil palm. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the responses of oil palms cultured in vitro under varying salinity levels (0, 85.5, 171.11, 342.21 and 684.43 mM NaCl) to elevated CO2 (1000 μmol CO2/mol) and PPFD (100±5 μmol m-2s-1) in terms of growth characteristics, pigment contents and photosynthetic abilities. After 14 days of culture, net photosynthetic rate (μmol CO2 m-2s-1) of oil palms across varying salinity levels was 5.33 times higher than those cultured under ambient CO, (380±100 Mmol CO2/mol) and PPFD (50±5 μmol m-2s -1). At increased net photosynthetic rate (elevated CO2 and PPFD), despite having no significant difference in pigment contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid) between different CO2 and PPFD levels, dry weight and percent dry matter were 0.26 and 0.11 times higher, respectively, as compared to those cultured under ambient CO2 and PPFD. In the same elevated CO2 and PPFD level, across all salinity levels, stomatal conductance was 0.30 times lower than those cultured under ambient CO2 and PPFD. At reduced stomatal conductance (elevated CO2 and PPFD), transpiration rate was also reduced by 0.30 times. Thus with increased net photosynthetic rate and reduced transpiration rate, water use efficiency was increased by 7.22 times, across all salinity levels, than those cultured at ambient CO2 and PPFD. These were considered essential for NaCl produces iso-osmotic stress.

Effect of Some Flavonic Compounds and Ascorbic Acid on Lactoferrin Stimulation of Erythrocyte Glycolysis and Na+/K+-ATPase Activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maneva ◽  
Borislava Taleva
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Lactate Formation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The aim of the present study was to assess if some flavonic compounds (quercetin, piceatannol and apigenin) and ascorbic acid could interfere with the Lf stimulatory effect on the erythrocyte function. Quercetin (1.5 μm) and piceatannol (30 μm) showed an additive effect on Lf stimulation of Na+/K+-ATPase when used together with Lf. The enhancement of Lf stimulation on Na+/K+-ATPase in the presence of flavonoids was probably due to their antioxidative properties and/or to their involvement in the erythrocyte signaling. None of the estimated flavonoids showed an effect on Lf stimulation of the lactate production. Quercetin itself enhanced the ATPase activity but did not affect the lactate formation. Apigenin (1.5 μm) enhanced reliably the lactate generation, but it did not exert any effect on the ATPase activity. High concentration of ascorbic acid (60 mm) did not change the Lf stimulatory effect on Na+/K+-ATPase, but decreased the Lf-specific-binding. A significantly strong inhibitory effect on the Lf-specific binding exerted the electron acceptors NAD+ (2 mm) and FAD (2 mm). These effects concern most likely the competition with Lf for electron(s) which is (are) provided from the erythrocyte intercellular electron transport chain(s).

Reexamination of dopamine as the prolactin-release inhibiting factor (PIF): supplementary agent may be required for dopamine to function as the physiological PIF

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1226-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon H. Shin ◽  
Samia F. Hanna ◽  
Murray Hong ◽  
Khem Jhamandas
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Perifusion System

A large number of studies have been performed concerning dopamine's inhibitory effect on prolactin release, but many of these studies have examined the effect of dopamine dissolved in a solution containing ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid, routinely used to protect dopamine from oxidation, alone does not stimulate or inhibit prolactin release, but it can potentiate the inhibitory effect of dopamine in a static monolayer culture system by approximately 100 times. We have closely examined the inhibitory effect of dopamine on prolactin release in the absence of ascorbic acid using a perifusion system. Male rat adenohypophyses were dispersed with trypsin and cultured in a Petri dish to form cell clusters. Inhibition of prolactin release by dopamine (1 μmol/L) in the absence of ascorbic acid was sustained for only 63 min during the 2-h perifusion period. Following a 2-h period of incubation of dopamine in the same experimental solution, the dopamine concentration was reduced from 1 to 0.18 μmol/L, yet this "2-h-old dopamine" was still effective in inhibiting prolactin release (approximately 30 min). This result suggests that the lactotrophs may be desensitized by chronic exposure to a high concentration of dopamine in the absence of ascorbic acid. In contrast, when a low concentration of dopamine (3 nmol/L) containing ascorbic acid (0.1 mmol/L) was perifused, inhibition of prolactin release was sustained for the entire 2-h perifusion period. Although there may be a large number of explanations for dopamine's transient inhibitory effect on prolactin release, the present results suggest that dopamine may require supplementary agent(s) to effectively inhibit prolactin release and thus function as the prolactin release inhibitory factor (PIF). We propose ascorbic acid as a major candidate for the supplementary factor for the PIF.Key words: dopamine, somatostatin, prolactin, cell cluster, perifusion.

Assessment of the Tolerance of Trees to High Concentration Sulfur Dioxide

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5423-5428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Yi Chung ◽  
Pei Ling Chung ◽  
Hwa Sheng Gau ◽  
Shao Wei Liao ◽  
Wen Liang Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Quercus Glauca

Italic textThis research utilized a custom-made air fumigation equipment to evaluate the tolerance of 10 species of side-walk trees with 600, 1000 and 2000 ppb Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) for 48 hours. The tolerance of tested trees toward SO2pollution was analyzed. Results showed that these plants influenced by high concentration SO2gas with physiology properties changes and the decrease of photosynthetic rates and the stomata conductance than before fumigation. The net photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance of tested trees was linearly correlated to each tested tree species. Among tested tree, the Quercus glauca had the highest tolerance in exposure with high concentration of SO2pollutant. While the Camellia axillaries was the least.

scholarly journals Chemical and Bioactivity Evaluation of Eryngium planum and Cnicus benedictus Polyphenolic-Rich Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Paun ◽  
Elena Neagu ◽  
Veronica Moroeanu ◽  
Camelia Albu ◽  
Simona Savin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Standard Compound ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

This study evaluated the biological activities of Eryngium planum and of Cnicus benedictus extracts enriched in polyphenols obtained by nanofiltration. The HPLC-MS analysis showed that E. planum contains mainly flavonoids, especially rutin, while in C. benedictus extracts show the high concentration of the phenolic acids, principally the chlorogenic acid and sinapic acid. Herein, there is the first report of ursolic acid, genistin, and isorhamnetin in E. planum and C. benedictus. C. benedictus polyphenolic-rich extract showed high scavenging activity (IC50=0.0081 mg/mL) comparable to that of standard compound (ascorbic acid) and a higher reducing power (IC50= 0.082 mg/mL), with IC50 having a significantly lower value than IC50 for ascorbic acid. Both extracts were nontoxic to NCTC cell line. Among the investigated herbs, E. planum polyphenolic-rich extract showed the highest inhibitory activities with the IC50 value of 31.3 μg/mL for lipoxygenase and 24.6 μg/mL for hyaluronidase. Both polyphenolic-rich extracts had a higher inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase than that of the acarbose. The synergistic effect of ursolic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, genistin, and daidzein identified in polyphenolic-rich extracts could be mainly responsible for the pharmacological potentials of the studied extracts used in managing inflammation and diabetes.

Amelioration of salinity tolerance in cowpea plants by seed treatment with methyl jasmonate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Sadeghipour
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the role of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in alleviation of the adverse effects of salinity on cowpea. Seeds were soaked in 0, 25 and 50 µM MeJA for 20 h and then the seedlings were irrigated with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50 and 100 mM). Salt stress markedly decreased growth attributes namely shoot length, shoot and root dry weight and leaf area. NaCl stress also significantly reduced chlorophyll value, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, total soluble proteins and relative water content (RWC). Furthermore, salinity noticeably increased proline and total soluble sugars content. Nonetheless, seeds treatment with MeJA especially 50 µM, improved the growth of cowpea plants by increasing chlorophyll value, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, total soluble proteins, proline accumulation, total soluble sugars and RWC under salt stress conditions. Thus results indicate that pretreatment of seeds with MeJA could be used as an effective technique for improving cowpea plants tolerance to salt stress.

Measurement of the Platelet Response to Laser- induced Microvascular Injury

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 704-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N McKenzie ◽  
K.-E Arfors ◽  
N. A Matheson
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Microvascular Blood Flow ◽  
Platelet Response ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Microvascular Injury ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Proximal Site ◽  
Adenosine Phosphates

SummaryA study has been made of the biochemical factors underlying the platelet response to laser-induced microvascular injury. A platelet aggregating substance is produced at sites of laser-induced injury which markedly stimulates platelet activity at a site of injury inflicted a short distance downstream. Distal sites of injury are not similarly influenced if the distance between the injuries is increased or if the proximal site no longer shows platelet-stimulating activity. The stimulating effect of an adjacent proximal injury on platelet activity at a distal site is inhibited by local intra-arterial infusion of adenosine. Measurements of arterial blood pressure and microvascular blood flow velocity during adenosine infusion showed that its inhibitory effect on platelet activity is largely independent of its vasodilator properties. The effect of infusion of different adenosine phosphates (AMP, ADP, ATP) was also studied. Very small amounts of ADP markedly stimulated platelet activity and the emboli formed were similar to those normally produced at sites of laser injury. At high concentration AMP inhibited while ATP stimulated platelet activity in vivo. The results emphasise the fundamental role of ADP as a mediator of the platelet response at sites of laser- induced microvascular injury.

Inhibitory Effect of Ascorbic Acid 2-O-.ALPHA.-Glucoside on the Pigmentation of Skin by Exposure to Ultraviolet Light.

1996 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko MIYAI ◽  
Itaru YAMAMOTO ◽  
Jun-ichi AKIYAMA ◽  
Mitsuhiro YANAGIDA
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Inhibitory Effect

IMPACT OF SORBITOL- INDUCED OSMOTIC STRESS ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF POTATO IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1038-1047
Author(s):  
Mawia & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Nutritive Medium ◽  
Starting Point

This study had as principal objective identification of osmotic-tolerant potato genotypes by using "in vitro" tissue culture and sorbitol as a stimulating agent, to induce water stress, which was added to the  culture nutritive medium in different concentration (0,50, 110, 220, 330 and 440 mM).  The starting point was represented by plantlets culture collection, belonging to eleven potato genotypes: Barcelona, Nectar, Alison, Jelly, Malice, Nazca, Toronto, Farida, Fabulla, Colomba and Spunta. Plantlets were multiplied between two internodes to obtain microcuttings (in sterile condition), which were inoculated on medium. Sorbitol-induced osmotic stress caused a significant reduction in the ascorbic acid, while the concentration of proline, H2O2 and solutes leakage increased compared with the control. Increased the proline content prevented lipid peroxidation, which played a pivotal role in the maintenance of membrane integrity under osmotic stress conditions. The extent of the cytoplasmic membrane damage depends on osmotic stress severity and the genotypic variation in the maintenance of membranes stability was highly associated with the ability of producing more amounts of osmoprotectants (proline) and the non-enzymic antioxidant ascorbic acid in response to osmotic stress level. The results showed that the genotypes Jelly, Nectar, Allison, Toronto, and Colomba are classified as highly osmotic stress tolerant genotypes, while the genotypes Nazca and Farida are classified as osmotic stress susceptible ones.

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