Amelioration of salinity tolerance in cowpea plants by seed treatment with methyl jasmonate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Sadeghipour
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the role of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in alleviation of the adverse effects of salinity on cowpea. Seeds were soaked in 0, 25 and 50 µM MeJA for 20 h and then the seedlings were irrigated with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50 and 100 mM). Salt stress markedly decreased growth attributes namely shoot length, shoot and root dry weight and leaf area. NaCl stress also significantly reduced chlorophyll value, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, total soluble proteins and relative water content (RWC). Furthermore, salinity noticeably increased proline and total soluble sugars content. Nonetheless, seeds treatment with MeJA especially 50 µM, improved the growth of cowpea plants by increasing chlorophyll value, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, total soluble proteins, proline accumulation, total soluble sugars and RWC under salt stress conditions. Thus results indicate that pretreatment of seeds with MeJA could be used as an effective technique for improving cowpea plants tolerance to salt stress.

scholarly journals Whole-Plant Response of Selected Woody Landscape Species to Uniconazole

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Mack Thetford
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Abstract Uniconazole was applied as a foliar spray or medium drench to six woody landscape species: ‘Sunglow’ azalea; flame azalea; ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia; ‘Compacta’ holly; ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly; and mountain pieris. One hundred days after uniconazole application, leaf, stem, and top dry weight of all species, except flame azalea and mountain pieris, decreased as uniconazole concentration increased. Compared to controls, stem and leaf dry weight were reduced by uniconazole 18 to 60% and 13 to 32%, respectively, depending on species and method of application. Stem dry weight was reduced to a greater degree, compared to leaf dry weight. For all species, drench application was more effective than foliar spray in reducing leaf, stem, and top dry weight. Leaf area of ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia and ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly decreased with increasing rates. However, specific leaf weight was not affected. Uniconazole did not significantly affect leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance or internal leaf CO2 concentrations in ‘Spectabilis’ forsythia or ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly. No phytotoxicity was observed on any species.

scholarly journals The effect of salinity stress on ions and soluble sugars distribution in leaves, leaf sheaths and roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nemati ◽  
F. Moradi ◽  
S. Gholizadeh ◽  
M.A. Esmaeili ◽  
M.R. Bihamta
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Dry Weight

In order to investigate the solutes accumulation associated with salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), two rice genotypes including IR651 (salt-tolerant) and IR29 (salt-sensitive) were grown hydroponically in the Youshida nutrient solution. Salinity treatment was imposed 3 weeks after sowing using NaCl in two levels 0 and 100 mmol. Samples were separately collected from the youngest (sixth) leaves, leaf sheaths and roots at 72 and 240 h after salinization; then Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, P, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup> and total soluble sugars concentration and Na+/K<sup>+</sup> ratio were determined. Total dry weight of both genotypes decreased with the application of NaCl. Salinity caused higher accumulation of Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup> in the sixth leaf and leaf sheath of IR29 than in IR651 while their concentration in root of IR651 was higher. K<sup>+</sup> concentration was decreased in the sixth leaf and leaf sheath of IR29 under NaCl stress. Reduction in Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg2+ concentrations were observed in sixth leaves of both genotypes. P concentration was increased in leaf sheath and root of IR29 under saline conditions while it showed no changes in IR651. Our results indicated that the tolerant genotype had mechanisms to prevent high Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>&ndash;</sup> accumulation in the sixth leaf. High total soluble sugars concentration in shoot of IR651 is probably for adjusting osmotic potential and better water uptake under salinity. These mechanisms help plant to avoid tissue death and enable to continue its growth and development under saline conditions. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Salt-tolerance screening in Limonium sinuatum varieties with different flower colors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Xu ◽  
Yingli Zhou ◽  
Ping Mi ◽  
Baoshan Wang ◽  
Fang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Whole Plants

AbstractLimonium sinuatum, a member of Plumbaginaceae commonly known as sea lavender, is widely used as dried flower. Five L. sinuatum varieties with different flower colors (White, Blue, Pink, Yellow, and Purple) are found in saline regions and are widely cultivated in gardens. In the current study, we evaluated the salt tolerance of these varieties under 250 mmol/L NaCl (salt-tolerance threshold) treatment to identify the optimal variety suitable for planting in saline lands. After the measurement of the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), contents of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), relative water content, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, and osmotic potential of whole plants, the salt-tolerance ability from strongest to weakest is identified as Pink, Yellow, Purple, White, and Blue. Photosynthetic rate was the most reliable and positive indicator of salt tolerance. The density of salt glands showed the greatest increase in Pink under NaCl treatment, indicating that Pink adapts to high-salt levels by enhancing salt gland formation. These results provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale planting of L. sinuatum in saline soils in the future.

scholarly journals The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245505
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Chen ◽  
Ruidong Zhang ◽  
Yifan Xing ◽  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Bang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Positive Effects

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Mitigation of salt stress in rice plant at germination stage by using methyl jasmonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakil Mahmud ◽  
Shayla Sharmin ◽  
Bishan Lal Das Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Anowar Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Javidul Haque Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Component ◽  
Germination Stage

To explore the possibility of using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for alleviation of salt stress, the present study was conducted where six rice varieties (BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan46, Gota, Kajalsail, Pokkali and Pengek) were grown in non saline (0 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1) + 10 ?M MeJA and saline (12 dSm-1) + 20 ?M MeJA conditions at germination stage (till the 9 days). MeJA was applied by imbibing seeds in it for 24 hours. To evaluate the effect of MeJA on saline stressed plant at germination stage, change in growth parameters namely germination percentage, shoot and root length, fresh and dry wt. of shoot, fresh and dry wt. of root and biochemical component- activity of alpha-amylase were monitored. Salinity had a minimum effect on final germination percentage (FGP) of rice varieties, but delayed in attaining it. MeJA had least positive effect. Salinity significantly reduced the shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of all the varieties. MeJA had more decreasing effect in susceptible varieties while increasing effect in moderately tolerant and tolerant. Activity of alpha-amylase in germinated seed varied from 0.051 mg to 0.111 mg mal./mg tissue. At 12dSm-1 salinity, susceptible and moderately tolerant varieties showed significant reduction but tolerant showed significant increase. MeJA intensified the negative effect further in susceptible varieties. In tolerant and moderately tolerant varieties, increment in activity took place and 10 ?M had a better effect over 20 ?M MeJA.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 74-81

scholarly journals Response of in vitro Cultured Palm Oil Seedling Under Saline Condition to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density

2012 ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Pet Roey Pascual ◽  
Krienkai Mosaleeyanon ◽  
Kanokwan Romyanon ◽  
Chalermpol Kirdmanee
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Ambient Co2

Salt stress elicits various physiological and growth responses of oil palm. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the responses of oil palms cultured in vitro under varying salinity levels (0, 85.5, 171.11, 342.21 and 684.43 mM NaCl) to elevated CO2 (1000 μmol CO2/mol) and PPFD (100±5 μmol m-2s-1) in terms of growth characteristics, pigment contents and photosynthetic abilities. After 14 days of culture, net photosynthetic rate (μmol CO2 m-2s-1) of oil palms across varying salinity levels was 5.33 times higher than those cultured under ambient CO, (380±100 Mmol CO2/mol) and PPFD (50±5 μmol m-2s -1). At increased net photosynthetic rate (elevated CO2 and PPFD), despite having no significant difference in pigment contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid) between different CO2 and PPFD levels, dry weight and percent dry matter were 0.26 and 0.11 times higher, respectively, as compared to those cultured under ambient CO2 and PPFD. In the same elevated CO2 and PPFD level, across all salinity levels, stomatal conductance was 0.30 times lower than those cultured under ambient CO2 and PPFD. At reduced stomatal conductance (elevated CO2 and PPFD), transpiration rate was also reduced by 0.30 times. Thus with increased net photosynthetic rate and reduced transpiration rate, water use efficiency was increased by 7.22 times, across all salinity levels, than those cultured at ambient CO2 and PPFD. These were considered essential for NaCl produces iso-osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Effects of the reciprocal grafting on the photosynthesis of two genotypes tomato offspring under selenium stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
Shiyao Shan ◽  
Huizhong Luo ◽  
Jinpeng Zhu ◽  
Zhiyu Li ◽  
Huanxiu Li
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Fresh Weight

To study the effects of the reciprocal grafting on the photosynthesis of two genotypes tomato offspring under selenium stress, red ball cherry tomato cherry 5-5-1 and yellow ball cherry tomato yellow RTY-3-2 post-grafting generation (red scion, red rootstock, yellow scion and yellow rootstock) and seedlings (red CK and yellow CK) planted in 10 mg·kg-1 selenium soil, and the pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of the reciprocal grafting on the growth characteristics and the photosynthesis of tomato offspring under selenium stress. The results showed that grafting increased the fresh weight of the organs of the offspring, the ratio of root to shoot, and the functional activity of the roots of the plants, which was conducive to the growth of tomato offspring. Simultaneously, it could effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity of grafted offspring leaves at the seedling stage. The grafted offspring of rootstocks had the best effect on improving the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of tomato leaves, and decreased intercellular CO2 concentration. Among them, the best effect of yellow rootstock was to provide ideas and theoretical basis for the production of selenium-enriched tomatoes in the selenium-deficient areas in the future.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Osmotic Stress in Cotton for the Improvement in Growth and Yield through Inoculation of Rhizobacteria and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Coated Diammonium Phosphate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10456
Author(s):  
Muhammad Majid ◽  
Muqarrab Ali ◽  
Khurram Shahzad ◽  
Fiaz Ahmad ◽  
Rao Muhammad Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Boll Weight

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the major fiber crops. Its production is under threat due to scarcity of water resources under a changing climatic scenario. Limited water availability also decreases the uptake of phosphorus, and less uptake of phosphorus can deteriorate the quality attributes of cotton fiber. There is a need to introduce bio-organic amendments which can mitigate osmotic stress on a sustainable basis. Inoculation of rhizobacteria can play an imperative role in this regard. Rhizobacteria can not only improve the growth of roots but also enhance the availability of immobile phosphorus in soil. That is why the current experiment was conducted to explore and compare the efficacy of sole application of diammonium phosphate (DAP) over plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) coated DAP on growth and quality attributes of cotton under artificially induced osmotic stress at flowering stage. The impact of phosphorus levels was found to be significant on the plant height, leaf area, average boll weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and seed cotton yield, while the irrigation effect was significant on all the parameters. The PGPR coated phosphorus performed better as compared to other treatments under normal irrigation and osmotic stress. Results showed that PGPR coated phosphorus increased by 29.47%, 21.01%, 41.11%, 32.73%, 15.63% and 22.89% plant height, average boll weight, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, fiber length, and seed cotton yield respectively. In conclusion, PGPR coated DAP can be helpful to get higher cotton productivity as compared to control and sole application of DAP under normal irrigation and osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroids Regulate Antioxidant System and Protect Chloroplast Ultrastructure of Autotoxicity-Stressed Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yang ◽  
Muhammad Azher Nawaz ◽  
Fuxin Li ◽  
Lisha Bai ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

Autotoxicity is a common problem being faced in protected vegetable cultivation system. Phytoremediation of plant autotoxicity is an emerging concept to minimize deterioration of soil environment and reduction of yield and quality of vegetable crops. Brassinosteroids (BRs) have been reported as a potential phytohormone to assist phytoremediation. However, the effects of BRs-induced autotoxicity stress on plant growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant defense system are poorly understood. Hence, we focused on the changes in physiological characteristics and ultrastructure of cucumber leaves in response to the application of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) under autotoxicity stress conditions. The results showed that leaf area, plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of cucumber were obviously decreased under autotoxicity stress conditions. EBR application obviously improved the phenotypic characteristics of cucumber seedlings. Chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of cucumber leaves were markedly reduced under autotoxicity stress conditions. Application of EBR improved the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a by 15.80%, chlorophyll b by 18.70% and total chlorophyll content by 17.30%), net photosynthetic rate by 36.40% and stomatal opening of leaves under autotoxicity stress conditions. EBR application also maintained the integrity of chloroplast and thylakoid structures under autotoxicity stress conditions. The activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and antioxidative compounds ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were markedly decreased, however, these were obviously increased after EBR application under autotoxicity stress. EBR application also increased the soluble sugar and protein, and proline concentration by 59.70%, 7.22% and 36.58%, respectively in the leaves of cucumber, decreased malondialdehyde by 24.13% and reactive oxygen species contents (H2O2 by 35.17%, O2− by 12.01% and •OH by 16.59%), and reduced the relative permeability of the cell membrane by 14.31%. These findings suggest that EBR application enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, maintained the integrity of chloroplast and thylakoid structures, and effectively alleviated the damage of membrane caused by lipid peroxidation and root damage under autotoxicity stress conditions. The growth inhibition effect of autotoxicity stress on cucumber was reduced by EBR application.

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