Dihaploid induction ability of three clones of Solanum phureja (2n = 2x = 24) in interploidy cross with S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
J. Panahandeh
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Interploidy Crosses ◽  
Tuber Colour ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tetraploid Level ◽  
Pollen Shed ◽  
The Given

Potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (2n = 4x = 48), is an autotetraploid species, the breeding of which at the tetraploid level is complicated by tetrasomic inheritance. Dihaploids (2n = 2x = 24) from the tetraploid cultivated potato have great potential for breeding and genetic studies. The common method deployed to obtain potato dihaploids is to make interspecific-interploidy (4x × 2x) crosses between a tetraploid seed parent and special clones from the diploid S. phureja as pollinator. Pollinators carrying a marker gene have been used, but unfortunately, these clones were very weak, with rare flowering and low male fertility under the given conditions. To find a suitable pollinator, three clones were selected from S. phureja based on flowering, pollen shed and male fertility and were crossed with five cultivated tetraploid potatoes to evaluate their dihaploid induction ability. A total of 1529 interploidy crosses were made, resulting in 1116 berries and 1456 seeds. The progeny were divided into two groups based on stem, flower and tuber colour: hybrids and non-hybrids (putative dihaploids). Chromosome counting in non-hybrid genotypes detected 39 dihaploids. The clone phu 3 and cv. Picasso, with 12.1 and 10.7 dihaploids per 100 berries, respectively, were the best dihaploid inducer and seed parent for dihaploid production.

THE EU SUGAR MARKET PROFILE AND ITS MAIN DRIVERS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubos SMUTKA ◽  
Irena BENEŠOVÁ ◽  
Patrik ROVNÝ ◽  
Renata MATYSIK-PEJAS
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Current System ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Sugar Market ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Eu

Sugar is one of the most important elements in human nutrition. The Common Market Organisation for sugar has been a subject of considerable debate since its establishment in 1968. The European agricultural market has been criticized for its heavy regulations and subsidization. The sugar market is one of the most regulated ones; however, this will change radically in 2017 when the current system of production quotas will end. The current EU sugar market changed is structure during the last several decades. The significant number of companies left the market and EU internal sugar market became more concentrated. The aim of this paper is presentation characteristics of sugar market with respect to the supposed market failure – reduction in competition. The analysis also identifies the main drivers and determinants of the EU especially quota sugar market. In relation to paper’s aim the following results are important. The present conditions of the European sugar market have led to market failure when nearly 75 % (10 million tonnes) of the quota is controlled by five multinational companies only. These multinational alliances (especially German and French one) are also taking control over the production capacities of their subsidiaries. In most countries, this causes serious problems as the given quota is controlled by one or two producers only. This is a significant indicator of market imperfection. The quota system cannot overcome the problem of production quotas on the one hand and the demand on the other; furthermore, it also leads to economic inefficiency. The current EU sugar market is under the control of only Sudzucker, Nordzucker, Pfeifer and Langen, Tereos and ABF.

The Still Life of Objects – Heidegger, Schapiro, and Derrida reconsidered

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
KErstin Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Still Life ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
Vincent Van Gogh ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
The Common ◽  
Critical Intervention ◽  
The Given

Kerstin Thomas revaluates the famous dispute between Martin Heidegger, Meyer Schapiro, and Jacques Derrida, concerning a painting of shoes by Vincent Van Gogh. The starting point for this dispute was the description and analysis of things and artworks developed in his essay, “The Origin of the Work of Art”. In discussing Heidegger’s account, the art historian Meyer Schapiro’s main point of critique concerned Heidegger’s claim that the artwork reveals the truth of equipment in depicting shoes of a peasant woman and thereby showing her world. Schapiro sees a striking paradox in Heidegger’s claim for truth, based on a specific object in a specific artwork while at the same time following a rather metaphysical idea of the artwork. Kerstin Thomas proposes an interpretation, which exceeds the common confrontation of philosophy versus art history by focussing on the respective notion of facticity at stake in the theoretical accounts of both thinkers. Schapiro accuses Heidegger of a lack of concreteness, which he sees as the basis for every truth claim on objects. Thomas understands Schapiro’s objections as motivated by this demand for a facticity, which not only includes the work of art, but also investigator in his concrete historical perspective. Truth claims under such conditions of facticity are always relative to historical knowledge, and open to critical intervention and therefore necessarily contingent. Following Thomas, Schapiro’s critique shows that despite his intention of giving the work of art back its autonomy, Heidegger could be accused of achieving quite the opposite: through the abstraction of the concrete, the factual, and the given to the type, he actually sets the self and the realm of knowledge of the creator as absolute and not the object of his knowledge. Instead, she argues for a revaluation of Schapiro’s position with recognition of the arbitrariness of the artwork, by introducing the notion of factuality as formulated by Quentin Meillassoux. Understood as exchange between artist and object in its concrete material quality as well as with the beholder, the truth of painting could only be shown as radically contingent. Thomas argues that the critical intervention of Derrida who discusses both positions anew is exactly motivated by a recognition of the contingent character of object, artwork and interpretation. His deconstructive analysis can be understood as recognition of the dynamic character of things and hence this could be shown with Meillassoux to be exactly its character of facticity – or factuality.

scholarly journals On the Difficulty of Budget Allocation in Claims Problems with Indivisible Items and Prices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Estañ ◽  
Natividad Llorca ◽  
Ricardo Martínez ◽  
Joaquín Sánchez-Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Budget Allocation ◽  
Pareto Efficiency ◽  
Claims Problems ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Given

AbstractIn this paper we study the class of claims problems where the amount to be divided is perfectly divisible and claims are made on indivisible units of several items. Each item has a price, and the available amount falls short to be able to cover all the claims at the given prices. We propose several properties that may be of interest in this particular framework. These properties represent the common principles of fairness, efficiency, and non-manipulability by merging or splitting. Efficiency is our focal principle, which is formalized by means of two axioms: non-wastefulness and Pareto efficiency. We show that some combinations of the properties we consider are compatible, others are not.

Linguistic influences on gesture’s form

Gesture ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Gerwing ◽  
Janet Bavelas
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Original Action ◽  
New Information ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Given ◽  
Linguistic Influences

Hand gestures in face-to-face dialogue are symbolic acts, integrated with speech. Little is known about the factors that determine the physical form of these gestures. When the gesture depicts a previous nonsymbolic action, it obviously resembles this action; however, such gestures are not only noticeably different from the original action but, when they occur in a series, are different from each other. This paper presents an experiment with two separate analyses (one quantitative, one qualitative) testing the hypothesis that the immediate communicative function is a determinant of the symbolic form of the gesture. First, we manipulated whether the speaker was describing the previous action to an addressee who had done the same actions and therefore shared common ground or to one who had done different actions and therefore did not share common ground. The common ground gestures were judged to be significantly less complex, precise, or informative than the latter, a finding similar to the effects of common ground on words. In the qualitative analysis, we used the given versus new principle to analyze a series of gestures about the same actions by the same speaker. The speaker emphasized the new information in each gesture by making it larger, clearer, etc. When this information became given, a gesture for the same action became smaller or less precise, which is similar to findings for given versus new information in words. Thus the immediate communicative function (e.g., to convey information that is common ground or that is new) played a major role in determining the physical form of the gestures.

Effects of the sap of the common oleander Nerium indicum (Apocyanaceae) on male fertility and spermatogenesis in the oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (22) ◽  
pp. 3935-3942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Eun Jeong ◽  
Yun Lee ◽  
Jeong Hee Hwang ◽  
Douglas C. Knipple
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Helicoverpa Assulta ◽  
Continuous Feeding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

SUMMARY We investigated the effects of sap of the common oleander Nerium indicum (Apocyanaceae) on male fertility and spermatogenesis in the oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta. We found that continuous feeding of oleander sap during the larval period significantly affects fertility in males but not in females. This effect was also induced by direct injection of oleander sap into the hemocoel of 2-day-old pupae. Histological analyses of developing testes following oleander injection revealed a developmental delay and progressively more severe morphological abnormalities in the later stages of development. The effects of oleander sap on spermatogenesis in H. assulta were associated with greatly reduced levels of the two major polyamines, spermidine and spermine, in testis compared with saline-injected controls. In contrast, levels of putrescine, which is a precursor of both spermidine and spermine, and the activities of the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase, which are involved in the biosynthesis of putrescine, were initially elevated following oleander injection, but subsequently failed to undergo the induction that normally occurs during late pupal development. The effects of oleander sap on spermidine and spermine levels could be the result of direct inhibition by chemical constituents of the oleander sap of one of the enzymes used in common in the conversions of putrescine to spermidine and spermidine to spermine; alternatively, these effects on polyamine metabolism could be secondary to the disruption of a more fundamental process in the developmental program guiding spermatogenesis in H. assulta.

scholarly journals Study of clay minerals effect on curing characteristics of polymer blends and physical-mechanical properties of prepared vulcanizates

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 07010
Author(s):  
Beáta Pecušová ◽  
Mariana Pajtášová ◽  
Zuzana Mičicová ◽  
Darina Ondrušová ◽  
Andrea Feriancová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Dioctahedral Smectite ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Given

The given paper deals with the study of the properties of clay minerals, namely montmorillonite and moreover, it is focused on effect of these clay minerals on the curing characteristics of the polymer blends and the physical-mechanical properties of prepared vulcanizates. Montmorillonite is a major clay mineral which has a wide application in many industrial branches. It belongs to the group of dioctahedral smectite minerals with structural type in the ratio of 2:1. Characteristics of prepared modified and organomodified clay minerals are based on sulphur vulcanisation accelerators which are used for the preparation of real polymer blend where they represent a partial replacement of the common carbon black filler and then, the effect on the curing characteristics of polymer blends as well as physical-mechanical properties of the prepared vulcanizates are investigated. The results exhibit that the clay-based filler (modified and organomodified clay minerals) can be used as a partial replacement while the quality of the prepared blends is preserved.

scholarly journals Najib Hamadani and Ahmed at-Tusi’s Bulgarian oikonyms and their location in the former Volga Bulgaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Nikolay Valeryevich Belenov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Geography ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
Study Research ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Information Borrowing ◽  
The Given

This article attempts to localize the fortresses of the Volga Bulgars (first of all, fortresses Marj and Tehshu) known from medieval authors reportedly Najib Hamadani and Ahmed at-Tusi. In the course of solving this problem the question of these authors data reliability is raised, as well as the common source of this information borrowing. There is a good reason to see this in the source known among the Arab-Persian historical and geographical medieval manuscripts as Rizal by Ahmed ibn Fadlan, the Secretary of Abbasid embassy to the Volga Bulgars Elteber Almush, who visited the Volga in 922. This fact explains the absence of Bulgarian cities known from other sources in the given lists as well as the question of uniqueness of Hamadani and at-Tusis information. On the basis of the sources synthesis, place-and folklore studies, the article proposes some options for localization of some of these forts and etymology options of Bulgarian oikonyms mentioned in the papers by the considered authors. The author proves the importance of place names data at the present stage of Bulgar study research, especially of Volga Bulgaria historical geography as well as further studies are planned.

scholarly journals Common Serbian stereotypes about Persians

2020 ◽  
pp. 579-597
Author(s):  
Ivana Gligorijevic
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Word Association Test ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
The Common ◽  
Affective Meanings ◽  
The Given

In this paper, we analyze the reactions collected in a word association test. A total of 654 respondents participated. The test included twelve stimuli related to Oriental peoples, languages and countries. The test was done through an online survey. The respondents cited words or word groups that first came to their minds while reading the given stimuli. We aimed to answer the question: what our knowledge of Oriental peoples is based on and what stereotypesand prejudices we hold about them. The attention is paid to two of the stimuli from the test - Persians and Persian. We look at the frequency and the variety of respondents? reactions. Furthermore, we analyze groups of reactions that belong to the same thematic field. Our results were compared with other ethnonymsfrom the same association test, which had previously been analyzed in other research papers. The most frequent reaction was carpet/carpets, due to the common collocation Persian carpet. Frequent reactions to Iran/Iranians, history and historical figures were also found. The most significant thematic fields are the following: war, history, intellectual and cultural heritage, religion, politics and numerous positive and neutral judgments and attitudes. Therefore, it seems that our stereotypes, judgments, and attitudes about Persians are based on secondary sources, rather than primary. As a result, they lack affective meanings and negative connotations. According to respondents? reactions, Persians are seen as ancient warriors, founders of an old culture and civilization, a nation with a rich cultural and intellectual heritage, descendants of significant historical figures and holders of many qualities, such as wit, wisdom, dignity, nobility, and other.

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING THE PARAMETERS OF AN INACCESSIBLE POINT OF AN OBJECT

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Brailov ◽  
Vitaliy Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Algorithm ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
The Given ◽  
Real Experimental Data

In the present research the optimizing approach to the determination of the parameters of an inaccessible point of an object is developed. The common issues are revealed and essential steps of their resolution are identified. The essence of the problem is an objective contradiction between a requirement for the location of points A and B of the centers of the sighting tubes of optical devices in the same horizontal plane P1 and the lack of a real possibility to perform such to achieve this an identical one-level arrangement without error. The aim of the study is to develop strategies for determining the position of an inaccessible point of an object in the minimum domain between intersecting sighting rays as well as an adaptive algorithm for determining the values of the parameters of an inaccessible point under the given absolute and relative errors. To achieve this aim, the following problems are formulated and solved in the paper: 1. Develop strategies for determining the position of the inaccessible point of the object in the minimum domain between the intersecting sighting rays. 2. Develop an adaptive algorithm for determining the values of the parameters of an inaccessible point based on the specified absolute and relative errors. In the proposed optimizing approach, the three-dimensional geometrical model with crossed directional rays for the determination of coordinates of the inaccessible point of an object is developed. It is discussed that points С and C', coordinated of which to be determined, locates in domain [CDM, CEM], [C'D'M, C'E'M] of the minimum distance ρmin between crossed directional rays. The optimizing problem of the determination of coordinates of an inaccessible point of an object in space is reduced to a problem of the determination of the minimum distance between two crossed directional rays. It’s known from the theory of function of multiple variables that function ρ = f (tC'D', tC'E') reaches its extremum ρmin when its partial derivatives by each variable are equal to zero. Three strategies for selecting the position of the inaccessible point C (xC, yC, zC) in the found minimum region [CDM, CEM] are proposed. The required point C' (xC', yC', zC') can be located, for example, in the middle of the minimum segment [C'D'M, C'E'M]. The essence of the adaptive algorithm is in optimizing the variation of the initial values of data α, α', β, γ, γ', AB, at which the absolute and relative errors of the coordinates of the inaccessible point satisfy the error values set by the customer (0.0001-1.2%) The proposed approach is verified using real experimental data.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of In Vitro Responses and Regeneration between Diverse Bioenergy Sorghum Genotypes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Barry Flinn ◽  
Savanah Dale ◽  
Andrew Disharoon ◽  
Stephen Kresovich
Keyword(s):  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
The Common ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Better Than

Sorghum has been considered a recalcitrant plant in vitro and suffers from a lack of regeneration protocols that function broadly and efficiently across a range of genotypes. This study was initiated to identify differential genotype-in vitro protocol responses across a range of bioenergy sorghum parental lines and the common grain sorghum genotype Tx430 in order to characterize response profiles for use in future genetic studies. Two different in vitro protocols, LG and WU, were used for comparisons. Distinct genotype-protocol responses were observed, and the WU protocol performed significantly better for plantlet regeneration. Most bioenergy genotypes performed as well, if not better than Tx430, with Rio and PI329311 as the top regenerating lines. Genotypes displayed protocol-dependent, differential phenolic exudation responses, as indicated by medium browning. During the callus induction phase, genotypes prone to medium browning exhibited a response on WU medium which was either equal or greater than on LG medium. Genotype- and protocol-dependent albino plantlet regeneration was also noted, with three of the bioenergy genotypes showing albino plantlet regeneration. Grassl, Rio and Pink Kafir were susceptible to albino plantlet regeneration, with the response strongly associated with the WU protocol. These bioenergy parental genotypes, and their differential responses under two in vitro protocols, provide tools to further explore and assess the role of genetic loci, candidate genes, and allelic variants in the regulation of in vitro responsiveness in sorghum.

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