scholarly journals Specific Weed Tolerance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties  - A Key to Non-chemical Weed Control

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin M. Kassai ◽  
Z. Szentpétery ◽  
Z. Hegedüs ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Weed Tolerance

Six wheat varieties representing different genotypes were tested under exposed and protected conditions in a three year herbicide provocation field trial at Nagygombos, Hungary. Three types of herbicide treatments (fluroxipir, bromoxynil and dicamba ai.) were applied in comparison with untreated and mechanical treated controls. Weed populations were sorted into two major groups according to the level of their occurrence. The result of experimental treatments were evaluated and  weed tolerance of varieties was determined. The magnitude of weed populations has shown significant differences. All weed control treatments, including chemical and mechanical applications, had an influence on weed development. Herbicide treatments had about fifty per cent, while mechanical applications had a nearly hundred per cent effect concerning weed reduction. The latter can be considered as a level of total weed extinction. High weed canopies were observed in the case of untreated controls only. Wheat cultivars have shown a variety specific yield response. The results obtained suggest varietal differences concerning weed tolerance. The extent of yield losses between wheat cultivars ranged from 4 to 18 per cent of grain yield. In the trial Martonvásári 19 and Martonvásári 21 wheat varieties were proven to have the best weed tolerance abilities. 

Reactions of winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley cultivars to mechanical inoculation with wheat streak mosaic virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta McKelvy ◽  
Monica Brelsford ◽  
Jamie Sherman ◽  
Mary Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes sporadic epidemics in Montana which can threaten profitability of the state’s small grains production. One challenge for WSMV management in Montana is that most commercially available wheat and barley cultivars are susceptible to WSMV or their performance under WSMV pressure is unknown. In a three-year field study from 2017 to 2019 winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley cultivars were evaluated for their susceptibility to WSMV and yield performance under WSMV pressure. Plants were mechanically inoculated and WSMV incidence was assessed using DAS-ELISA. There was effective resistance to WSMV in breeding line CO12D922, which had consistently low WSMV incidence, highlighting promising efforts in the development of WSMV-resistant winter wheat cultivars. Moderate WSMV incidence and minor yield losses were observed from WSMV infection of commercial winter wheat ‘Brawl CL Plus’ and MSU breeding line MTV1681. Spring wheat cultivars in this study had high WSMV incidence of up to 100 % in ‘Duclair,’ ‘Egan,’ and ‘McNeal.’ High WSMV incidence was associated with severe yield losses as high as 85 % for Duclair and ‘WB9879CL’ in 2019, demonstrating a high degree of susceptibility to WSMV inoculation. Barley cultivars had considerably lower WSMV incidence compared to spring and winter wheat. Grain yield response to WSMV inoculation was variable between barley cultivars. The study provided an experimental basis for cultivar recommendations for high WSMV pressure environments and identified breeding lines and cultivars with potential resistance traits of interest to breeding programs that aim to develop WSMV-resistant cultivars.

Protein and wet gluten contents in winter wheat grain samples

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Hegedűs ◽  
Z. Szentpétery ◽  
K. Kassai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Protein Versus

The milling and baking quality of wheat is mainly determined by the genetic basis, but may also be influenced by management techniques. Series of winter wheat varieties were examined under identical agronomic conditions in the experimental years of 1996-2001. Weed control, the rate and application time of nitrogen top dressing, the use of insecticide and fungicide and the climate of the production year were evaluated as main factors. In the present study two major characteristics: the protein and gluten content of grain samples, were examined. The effect of nitrogen fertilization proved to have the strongest impact on both quality indexes. no significant quality differences were induced by the various means of weed control. Plant protection treatments had a rather diverse effect on the contents of the protein and gluten in certain years. The protein and gluten values were correlated in all the experimental treatments, but the level of the correlation showed considerable variation. The effect of crop year proved to be the strongest, followed by fertilization, from among the quality-determining factors. The protein versus gluten correlation was also found to be the closest in the case of nitrogen top dressing applications.

Effects of Metribuzin Applied Lay-by on Weed Control and Sweetpotato Crop Response

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-693
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Meyers ◽  
Mark W. Shankle
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field studies were conducted at the Pontotoc Ridge-Flatwoods Branch Experiment Station in Pontotoc, MS in 2015 and 2016 to determine the influence of lay-by metribuzin application on weed control and sweetpotato crop response. With the exception of weedy and hand-weeded checks, all plots received flumioxazin at 107 gaiha−1pre-transplanting followed by (fb) clomazone at 1,120 gaiha−1immediately after transplanting. Lay-by treatments consisted ofS-metolachlor (800 gaiha−1), metribuzin (210 or 315 gaiha−1), metribuzin (210 gha−1) plus napropamide (1,120 gaiha−1), and metribuzin (210 gha−1) plusS-metolachlor (800 gha−1). At 4 weeks after transplanting, sweetpotato crop injury was 3 to 15%, but was transient and not evident after 6 (2015) to 8 weeks after transplanting (2016). Season-long weed control was excellent (≥98%) for all herbicide treatments used in the study. Hand-weeded check plots yielded 4,600; 18,350; 28,770; and 1,520 kgha−1of jumbo, No. 1, marketable, and cull grades, respectively. Jumbo, No. 1, and marketable yields from all herbicide-containing treatments in the study were greater than the weedy check and similar to the hand-weeded check. For all treatments, the portion of yield graded as cull was similar to the hand-weeded check. Canner yield response differed between years. In general, canner yield was greater in 2016 (8,460 to 10,670 kgha−1) than 2015 (1,570 to 3,570 kgha−1). In both years, canner yield in all treatments was similar to the hand-weeded check with one exception: in 2015 sweetpotato receiving metribuzin plus napropamide yielded more canners (3,570 kgha−1) than the hand-weeded check (2,300 kgha−1).

Broadleaf weed control in rain-fed chickpea

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shahbazi ◽  
Marjan Diyanat ◽  
Sareh Mahdavi ◽  
Soheida Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Hoary Cress ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Wild Safflower

AbstractWeeds are among the main limitations on chickpea production in Iran. The efficacy of herbicide treatments including linuron PPI, imazethapyr PPI, PRE, and POST, pendimethalin PPI and POST, bentazon POST, pyridate POST, and oxadiazon POST along with one or two hand weedings were evaluated for weed control and yield response in rain-fed chickpea in Aleshtar, Lorestan, Iran in 2015 and 2016. Wild safflower, threehorn bedstraw, wild mustard, and hoary cress were the predominant weed species in both experimental years. Total weed dry biomass in weedy check plots averaged 187 and 238 g m−2 in 2015 and 2016, respectively, and weed density and biomass were reduced in all treatments compared to the weedy check in both years. Treatments composed of pyridate followed by one hand weeding or imazethapyr POST followed by two hand weedings resulted in the lowest weed biomass. The presence of weeds reduced yield by 74% and 66% in the weedy check plots compared to the weed-free control plots in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Application of oxadiazon, bentazon, and imazethapyr PPI, PRE, and POST resulted in lower chickpea yields. All herbicides tested injured chickpea slightly, with pyridate causing the least injury.

Weed Control During Establishment and Yield Response of Timothy (Phleum pratense)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib Malik
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Field Pennycress ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Establishment Phase

The effects of 14 herbicide treatments, tested in the establishment phase, were investigated on timothy productivity in two field experiments conducted at Melfort, Saskatchewan. Satisfactory weed control achieved with chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, thifensulfuron, bentazon, diclofop plus bromoxynil, and MCPA/mecoprop/dicamba during the establishment year ensured good forage establishment which in turn caused a ‘residual effect’ for 1 to 3 yr increasing individual cut as well as cumulative forage dry matter yields significantly. In the stand established in 1985, when field pennycress (97 m-2) was the dominant weed in the seedling stage, these treatments increased yields 29 to 52% over a 3-yr period. In the stand established in 1986, when common lambsquarters (27 m-2) was the dominant weed, these treatments increased cumulative yields 24 to 44%. Sethoxydim and fenoxaprop, tested alone, caused significant crop injury in both experiments.

Control of Weeds in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) with Handhoeing and Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Sugarbeet Yields

Handweeding sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2’) for 8 weeks after planting prevented sugarbeet yield losses. Weeds invading sugarbeet plots at the two-leaf stage (4 weeks after planting) reduced sugarbeet yields 26%. Cycloate (S-ethylN-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate) caused more visual sugarbeet injury and stand reduction than did ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate]. Broadleaf and grass weeds differed in their response to cycloate and ethofumesate, but overall, total weed yields were lower in plots treated with cycloate. Ethofumesate injured sugarbeets more when applied before planting and incorporated into the soil than when applied preemergence. Herbicides applied when sugarbeets had four to six leaves generally injured sugarbeets less, but controlled weeds less effectively, than when sugarbeets had two to four leaves. None of these herbicide treatments were as effective as handweeding in providing season-long weed control. Every 1120 kg/ha of oven dry weeds present in sugarbeet fields corresponded to a decrease in sugarbeet root yields of 10 000 to 11 500 kg/ha.

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF FIVE SPRING WHEATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. KNOTT
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Protein Response

Six tests were run in 1970 and 1971 to measure the yield and protein response of five diverse wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) to fertilizer treatments and particularly to nitrogen. The results indicate that complex interactions occur between cultivars, locations, and fertilizer treatments. Of the five cultivars, Pitic 62 and Era showed little yield response to the treatments used but gave the largest increases in protein content. Inia 66 and W.S. 1809 gave the largest increases in yield but showed little increase in protein content. Neepawa gave intermediate responses in both yield and protein content. In general, the heaviest applications of fertilizer did not produce significant increases in yield beyond those produced by the lower applications.

Yield losses associated with different levels of stripe rust resistance of commercial wheat cultivars in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinli Zhou ◽  
Taohong Fang ◽  
Kexin Li ◽  
Kebing Huang ◽  
Chunhua Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistant Cultivars

Wheat stripe rust is one of the most destructive diseases to affect wheat. Although the major resistant wheat varieties have made a great contribution to the global food security, yield losses due to the stripe rust still occurs in the large wheat growing areas when climatic conditions are unstable. Despite this threat, resistance levels and yield losses of these elite wheat cultivars under wheat stripe rust infection have not been well studied. Based on the present investigation of natural infection conditions over two years, analysis of the area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) differentiated susceptible cultivars Mianmai 367 (MM367) (788.59), Jinmai 47 (JM47) (1087.71), and Avocet Susceptible (AvS) (1314.59) from resistant cultivars Xikemai 18 (XKM18) (177.50) and Xiaoyan 6 (XY6) (545.67). Stripe rust resulted in a two-year mean yield loss of 32% for all tested varieties. The susceptible varieties JM47, AvS, and MM367 lost 64%, 55%, and 21% of grain yield, respectively. On the contrary, rust-resistant cultivars XKM18 and XY6 lost only 11% and 28%, respectively. In addition, stripe rust resulted in reduced kernel hardness (KH), flour yield (FY), and flour whiteness (FW). Dough and gluten properties were also affected. Overall, results revealed that the grain yield and quality loss of the resistant wheat cultivars were less than in the susceptible cultivars. Disease-resistant cultivars such as XKM18 should be promoted and recommended for application. It may also be suggested that growing a susceptible variety such as MM367 could be feasible in combination with fungicide application under high disease pressure.

Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Yield Response to Winter Annual Broadleaf Weed Control

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Winter Annual

Selected herbicide treatments from 25 winter annual broadleaf weed control experiments conducted across Oklahoma from 1979 to 1993 were examined for winter wheat yield response to weed control. All experiments contained one or two of the same three weeds (henbit, bushy wallflower, or cutleaf eveningprimrose) as the primary target(s). Herbicide treatments included chlorsulfuron at 8.8 or 17.6 g ai/ha, and/or 2,4-D at 420 g ae/ha, all broadcast POST to wheat. Most herbicide treatments controlled the weeds, but increased wheat grain yield at only one site, wherein bushy wallflower density was 830/m2. Correlation analysis found no relationship between weed densities and wheat yield when chlorsulfuron at 8.8 g/ha was applied for henbit or moderate levels of bushy wallflower or cutleaf eveningprimrose. There was a significant positive relationship favoring spraying of bushy wallflower when the correlation analysis included data from one site with a density of 830 plants/m2.

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