Effect of the denervation of porcine ovaries on dexamethasone-induced cyst formation

Previously, we have shown that the activity of noradrenergic nerve fibres increased and the steroid content changed in porcine ovaries with dexamethasone-(DXM-) induced polycystic status. To better understand the role of the ovarian nerves in the formation of cystic status, the morphology and steroidogenic activity of the ovaries of DXM-treated gilts after denervation of the gonads were investigated in this study. Ovarian denervation was performed on day 3 of the first studied oestrous cycle and then, on days 7–21 of the cycle, DXM was administered. Following neurectomy and DXM treatment, cysts, medium-sized follicles and corpora lutea were not present, while the number of small-sized follicles increased. Denervation and DXM application led to a reduction in the number of dopamine-β-hydroxylase- and/or neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibres. The concentrations of progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and oestradiol-17β in the follicular fluid and/or in the wall of small-sized follicles of the experimental gilts were lower than in the controls. A similar result was demonstrated for P450scc, 3β-HSD and P450arom protein contents in the small follicles. Our data showed that DXM was not able to stimulate the formation of cysts in denervated porcine ovaries, indicating that the ovarian peripheral nerves might participate in the aetiopathogenesis of polycystic status.

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A Novel Model of Cancer-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and the Role of TRPA1 in Pain Transduction

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2017/3517207 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ahmad Maqboul ◽

Bakheet Elsadek

Keyword(s):

Immune Cells ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Nerve Fibres ◽

Cold Allodynia ◽

Sciatic Nerves ◽

Pain Transduction ◽

Thermal Stimuli ◽

Novel Model

Background. Models of cancer-induced neuropathy are designed by injecting cancer cells near the peripheral nerves. The interference of tissue-resident immune cells does not allow a direct contact with nerve fibres which affects the tumor microenvironment and the invasion process. Methods. Anaplastic tumor-1 (AT-1) cells were inoculated within the sciatic nerves (SNs) of male Copenhagen rats. Lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and the SNs were collected on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. SN tissues were examined for morphological changes and DRG tissues for immunofluorescence, electrophoretic tendency, and mRNA quantification. Hypersensitivities to cold, mechanical, and thermal stimuli were determined. HC-030031, a selective TRPA1 antagonist, was used to treat cold allodynia. Results. Nociception thresholds were identified on day 6. Immunofluorescent micrographs showed overexpression of TRPA1 on days 7 and 14 and of CGRP on day 14 until day 21. Both TRPA1 and CGRP were coexpressed on the same cells. Immunoblots exhibited an increase in TRPA1 expression on day 14. TRPA1 mRNA underwent an increase on day 7 (normalized to 18S). Injection of HC-030031 transiently reversed the cold allodynia. Conclusion. A novel and a promising model of cancer-induced neuropathy was established, and the role of TRPA1 and CGRP in pain transduction was examined.

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Peripheral and ovarian IGF-I concentrations during the ovine oestrous cycle

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1480281 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 148 (2) ◽

pp. 281-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

B R Leeuwenberg ◽

N L Hudson ◽

L G Moore ◽

P R Hurst ◽

K P McNatty

Keyword(s):

Follicular Fluid ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Oestrous Cycle ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Dominant Follicle ◽

Peripheral Plasma ◽

Igf I ◽

Left And Right ◽

Per Se ◽

Tritiated Amino Acids

Abstract IGF-I was measured by RIA in plasma samples collected 8-hourly for 24 days which included two consecutive preovulatory surges of LH. In a separate study, ovarian venous blood was collected from animals undergoing ovariectomy on day 10 of the oestrous cycle, or 36 h later after being treated with prostaglandin with or without steroid-free bovine follicular fluid. Jugular venous blood samples were collected before, during and after surgery. Follicles were dissected from ovaries of these animals and sorted into categories of small, intermediate and large, non-atretic or atretic, and the follicular fluid was pooled and assayed for IGF-I. From another population of ovaries recovered from the slaughterhouse, granulosa, theca and corpora lutea were isolated, homogenized and assayed for IGF-I. Finally ovarian corpora lutea and granulosa cells were each incubated with tritiated amino acids overnight at 37 °C. Thereafter the tissues and media were sonicated, IGF-I extracted from the supernatant and tritiated IGF-I precipitated using a specific IGF-I antibody. The absence of any significant change in peripheral IGF-I concentrations following ovariectomy and the finding that the ovarian venous IGF-I concentrations (161 ± 10 μg/l) were not significantly different from levels seen in peripheral blood (157 ± 10 μg/l) indicated that the ovary is not a net exporter of IGF-I. However, the ovary does synthesize IGF-I, as evidenced by granulosa and luteal synthesis, but probably not in quantities in excess of that utilized by ovarian tissues per se. Although the plasma IGF-I levels increased around the second preovulatory LH surge, the results overall indicated that the IGF-I concentrations in plasma are not strictly related to any major ovarian event during the oestrous cycle in the sheep. This view is based on the findings that the concentration of IGF-I in follicular fluid was not related to follicular health but correlated with those in peripheral plasma and that the ovarian venous concentrations did not vary between left and right ovaries irrespective of whether the ovaries contained a corpus luteum, dominant follicle or neither. Collectively, these results are consistent with the notion that IGF-I of ovarian origin fulfils an autocrine/paracrine function and does not have an endocrine role. Moreover, the results show that the concentrations of IGF-I in follicular fluid reflect those in peripheral plasma. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 281–289

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Surgical denervation of porcine ovaries during the middle luteal phase of the oestrous cycle changes their morphology and steroidogenic activity

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.55.2007.1.11 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 107-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Barbara Jana ◽

Anna Dzienis ◽

Joanna Wojtkiewicz ◽

Monika Kaczmarek ◽

M. Majewski

Keyword(s):

Luteal Phase ◽

Oestrous Cycle ◽

Side Chain ◽

Control Group ◽

Nerve Terminals ◽

Dramatic Reduction ◽

Chain Cleavage ◽

Neuropeptide Tyrosine ◽

Ovarian Nerves

Changes in both the morphology and the steroidogenic activity of porcine ovaries denervated surgically on day 12 of the oestrous cycle were studied. Neurectomy of the plexus and the superior ovarian nerves caused a dramatic reduction in the number (or even a disappearance) of dopamine-β-hydroxylase- and/or neuropeptide tyrosine-immunoreactive nerve terminals. On day 20 of the subsequent oestrous cycle, the number of small follicles increased (P < 0.01) and that of large follicles decreased (P < 0.05) in the denervated ovaries, as compared to the controls. Neurectomy led to a decrease in the level of progesterone (P 4 ; P < 0.001) and androstenedione (A 4 ; P < 0.01) in the fluid from small follicles, A 4 (P < 0.001) and testosterone (T; P < 0.05) in the fluid from medium-sized follicles, as well as in the content of all these steroids in the fluid from large-sized follicles (P < 0.001 for P 4 and P < 0.05 for A 4 and T). Denervation also caused a decrease in the content of A 4 (P < 0.01) and T (P < 0.001) in the wall of follicles. Neurectomy resulted in a significant increase in the immunoexpression of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 in the follicles and a decrease of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. After denervation, plasma levels of LH, P 4 , A 4 , T, oestrone and oestradiol-17β were lower (P < 0.05–0.001) on the particular days of the study than in the control group. Our data revealed that the denervation of ovaries during the middle luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in gilts caused distinct changes in both the morphology and the steroidogenic activity of the organ, confirming an important role of the peripheral nervous system in the control of the gonad in this species.

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DISTRIBUTION OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL-17β IN SOW OVARIES

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0440529 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 529-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Torleiv Lunaas

Keyword(s):

Follicular Fluid ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Follicular Phase ◽

Oestrous Cycle ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Luteal Tissue ◽

Low Levels ◽

The Absolute ◽

Residual Tissue ◽

Highly Correlated

ABSTRACT The contents of oestrone and oestradiol-17β were estimated in component parts of sow ovaries representative of the follicular and luteal phase of the oestrous cycle and also in whole juvenile ovaries. The values obtained of the sum total oestrone and oestradiol-17β in the follicular fluid and in the corresponding residual tissue were highly correlated. The proportions of oestradiol-17β tended to be larger in the follicular fluid than in the tissue (mean percentage: 84.3 and 69.6 respectively). In ovaries from the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle the oestrogen levels were generally lower than in ovaries from the follicular phase. Whereas no difference was found between the very low levels of oestrone in the corpora lutea and in the remainder of the ovary containing small follicles, the levels of oestradiol-17β differed significantly, being lower in the luteal tissue. Within each category of ovaries the absolute levels of the oestrogens were very variable. The results are discussed in relation to the pattern of urinary oestrone excretion in the sow during the oestrous cycle.

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Endocrine Actions of Central Neuropeptide Y in the Ewe: Activation of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Exogenous Neuropeptide Y and Role of Endogenous Neuropeptide Y in the Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone During the Oestrous Cycle

Journal of Neuroendocrinology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2826.1993.tb00377.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 163-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Duncan W.F. Porter ◽

Alasdair M. Naylor ◽

Alan S. McNeilly ◽

Dennis W. Lincoln

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Oestrous Cycle ◽

Adrenal Axis ◽

Pituitary Adrenal Axis

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ZUR BEDEUTUNG DES HYPOPHYSÄREN LUTEINISIERUNGSHORMONS FÜR SCHWANGERSCHAFT, GEBURT UND LACTATION BEI DER RATTE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.065s005 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 65 (3_Suppl) ◽

pp. S5-S32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Loewit

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽

The State ◽

Termination Of Pregnancy ◽

Progesterone Level ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Regulatory Properties ◽

Duration Of Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The role of luteinizing hormone (LH) for the maintenance of pregnancy, parturition and lactation was investigated by immunological and histochemical methods in the rat. Neutralisation of endogenous rat-LH with Rabbit-Anti-Bovine-LH-Serum (selective hypophysectomy) from days 7-12 of pregnancy resulted in reabsorption of the foetuses and the reappearance of strong 20α-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (20α-OHSD) activity in the corpora lutea (CL) of pregnancy, which normally show no such activity at that time. This effect could be prevented in part by concurrent pregnenolone administration and fully by progesterone, but was not influenced by oestrogen or prolactin. It is concluded that in early pregnancy LH is the main luteotrophic hormone in the rat even though prolactin might act synergistically with it. Antiserum treatment after the 12th day of gestation had no influence on the state or duration of pregnancy or on parturition. LH-injections during the first half of pregnancy had no luteolytic effects i. e. they did not activate 20α-OHSD activity. After day 16 they advanced the reappearance of the enzyme, but delayed parturition or resulted in stillbirths. Neither LH nor antiserum seemed to alter lactation. Since progesterone prevented both the termination of pregnancy and the recurrence of 20α-OHSD activity, it should have some regulatory properties on the enzyme. It is discussed whether the gonadotrophin-dependent progesterone level could regulate the 20α-OHSD activity rather than result from it.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Role of dorsomedial hypothalamic neuropeptide Y in modulating food intake and energy balance.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1147100.604223 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Julian Mercer

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Food Intake ◽

Neuropeptide Y

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The Role Of Neuropeptide Y (Npy) in Uncontrolled Alcohol Drinking and Relapse Behavior Resulting from Exposure to Stressful Events

10.21236/ada594088 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Todd E. Thiele ◽

Darin J. Knapp ◽

George Breese ◽

Thomas J. McCown

Keyword(s):

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Alcohol Drinking ◽

Stressful Events

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The Role of Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY in the Development of Obesity via Gut-brain Axis

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203720666190125105401 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 750-758 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yi Wu ◽

Hengxun He ◽

Zhibin Cheng ◽

Yueyu Bai ◽

Xi Ma

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Vital Role ◽

Gut Peptides ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Central Nervous System

Obesity is one of the main challenges of public health in the 21st century. Obesity can induce a series of chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver, which seriously affect human health. Gut-brain axis, the two-direction pathway formed between enteric nervous system and central nervous system, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of obesity. Gastrointestinal signals are projected through the gut-brain axis to nervous system, and respond to various gastrointestinal stimulation. The central nervous system regulates visceral activity through the gut-brain axis. Brain-gut peptides have important regulatory roles in the gut-brain axis. The brain-gut peptides of the gastrointestinal system and the nervous system regulate the gastrointestinal movement, feeling, secretion, absorption and other complex functions through endocrine, neurosecretion and paracrine to secrete peptides. Both neuropeptide Y and peptide YY belong to the pancreatic polypeptide family and are important brain-gut peptides. Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY have functions that are closely related to appetite regulation and obesity formation. This review describes the role of the gutbrain axis in regulating appetite and maintaining energy balance, and the functions of brain-gut peptides neuropeptide Y and peptide YY in obesity. The relationship between NPY and PYY and the interaction between the NPY-PYY signaling with the gut microbiota are also described in this review.

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