Programming effect of breast-feeding in infant nutrition policy documents in Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (41) ◽  
pp. 1641-1647
Author(s):  
Viktória Jakobik ◽  
Elena Martin-Bautista ◽  
Heather Gage ◽  
Julia Von Rosen-Von Hoewel ◽  
Kirsi Laitinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Nutritional Programming ◽  
Positive Effects

Aims: To identify and describe infant feeding policy documents in Hungary and compare them to the documents of other four European countries (England, Finland, Germany and Spain). The question was also addressed how the phenomenon of nutritional programming was represented in the documents. Subjects: Policy documents on infant feeding were identified and analyzed in the five European countries by using uniform methods for searching and coding. Results: Twenty-six documents were identified: 4 in England, 2 in Finland, 9 in Germany, 6 in Hungary and 5 in Spain. Altogether 203 statements linked to references were identified: benefits of breast-feeding in general (24%), protection against infections (32%), long-term advantages like the prevention of diabetes (31%) or allergy (12%). Considerable variations were found within and between countries in the evaluation of the duration and character of the positive effects. The majority of the statements in the Hungarian documents referred either to the role of breast-feeding in infection protection (n = 8), or to long-term protective effects (n = 13). Conclusion: Policy documents in the study countries varied both in their extent and in the description of the long-term effects of infant nutrition. Majority of the documents failed to contain evidence based discussion of the phenomenon of early nutritional programming. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1641–1647.

scholarly journals Health effects of breast feeding for mothers: a critical review

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jane Heinig ◽  
Kathryn G. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Long Term Effects

AbstractLactation results in a number of physiological adaptations which exert direct effects on maternal health, some of which may confer both short and long term advantages for breast feeding mothers. Breast feeding in the early postpartum period promotes a more rapid return of the uterus to its prepregnant state through the actions of oxytocin. Breast feeding may also lead to a more rapid return to prepregnancy weight. Among studies that had good data on duration and intensity of lactation, the majority show a significant association between lactation and weight loss. However, there is no evidence that lactation prevents obesity. Lactation also affects glucose and lipid metabolism. The long term effects of these adaptations are unknown but may have implications for preventing subsequent development of diabetes and heart disease. Lactation delays the return of ovulation and significantly reduces fertility during the period of lactational amenorrhoea. This process is linked with feeding patterns and may therefore be affected by practices such as scheduled feedings and the timing of introduction of complementary foods. While the evidence from epidemiologic studies is mixed, several large studies have shown that extended lactation is associated with reduced risk of premenopausal breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers. Although bone mineralization declines during lactation, repletion takes place after weaning. As a result, breast feeding does not appear to cause long term depletion of bone nor does it increase risk of osteoporosis. Many of the physiological effects of lactation are dependent on the stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and milk removal and thus may vary with infant feeding practices. Well controlled studies are needed that include detailed information regarding infant feeding practices in addition to the total duration of any breast feeding. Future feeding recommendations should reflect careful consideration of how such practices affect both infant and maternal health.

scholarly journals Lifetime health outcomes of breast-feeding: a comparison of the policy documents of five European countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1653-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Martin-Bautista ◽  
Heather Gage ◽  
Julia von Rosen-von Hoewel ◽  
Viktoria Jakobik ◽  
Kirsi Laitinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Geographically Dispersed

AbstractObjectiveTo (i) identify and describe prevailing infant feeding policy documents in five diverse European countries; (ii) analyse types of health outcomes for the infant that are associated with feeding breast milk rather than formula milk in the documents of different countries; and (iii) assess the extent to which documents reflect the WHO global recommendation of exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months.DesignDocumentary review and analysis.SettingFive geographically dispersed countries of Europe (England, Finland, Germany, Hungary and Spain).SubjectsPolicy documents on infant feeding were identified; statements that linked choice between breast- and formula-feeding to a health outcome for the infant were extracted.ResultsTwenty-six documents (varied authorships, dates, length and character) were identified: four from England; two from Finland; nine from Germany; six from Hungary; and five from Spain. There was no consistency in the way in which health outcomes were cited as factors in the recommendations for breast- rather than formula-feeding. Seven documents contained no reference to the health implications of infant feeding choice. Of 203 statements in remaining documents citing health outcomes, 24·1 % mentioned general health effects, 32·5 % protection against infections, 31·5 % long-term conditions (e.g. diabetes, CVD) and 11·8 % mentioned allergy. Health outcomes were linked to exclusive breast-feeding in only 25 % of statements.ConclusionsPolicy documents in the study countries varied in the extent to which they reflect the health outcomes for the baby of breast-feeding, and this may limit effective promotion by health professionals. There is scope to improve the process of bringing evidence and recommendations into policy documents.

scholarly journals Infant nutrition and lifelong health: current perspectives and future challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 384-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Key Aspects

Understanding the role and importance of nutrition in early postnatal life, as an influence on lifelong vulnerability to poor health, is an important part of current research. We need to be able to define optimal patterns of infant feeding, not just to support growth and development in infancy, but also as determinants of later health. To date, much of the focus on the long-term effects of infant nutrition has been on milk feeding, to compare breast and formula feeding and to evaluate the effects of exclusivity, timing and duration of feeding different types of milk in infancy; other aspects of infant feeding such as age at introduction of solid foods and type of weaning diet have received less attention, and relatively little is known about their links to later health. Contemporary data are needed to enable us to move beyond explanation of historical infant feeding data in order to understand and predict health outcomes in future generations. Ongoing and new population studies, that include infants from diverse settings, will be key to providing generalizable data that can be used to define optimal feeding practice. There are some methodological challenges ahead, although significant progress has already been made, and further progress is envisaged in the future. In particular, the opportunity to bring together epidemiological studies and new mechanistic insights that will help identify key aspects of infant nutrition and their causal effects offer great promise both in moving this field forward as well as the potential for health benefits for future generations.

scholarly journals Duration of untreated psychosis as predictor of long-term outcome in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Penttilä ◽  
Erika Jääskeläinen ◽  
Noora Hirvonen ◽  
Matti Isohanni ◽  
Jouko Miettunen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Early Intervention In Psychosis

BackgroundDuration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is one of the few potentially modifiable predictors of outcomes of schizophrenia. Long DUP as a predictor of poor short-term outcome has been addressed in previous meta-analyses, but the long-term effects of DUP remain unclear.AimsTo analyse the associations between DUP and long-term outcomes of schizophrenia.MethodA systematic literature search was performed using seven electronic databases and manual searches. Random effects weighted meta-analysis with correlation coefficients was used to pool the results.ResultsWe identified 3493 unique publications, from which 33 samples met our predefined selection criteria. Long DUP correlated statistically significantly with poor general symptomatic outcome, more severe positive and negative symptoms, lesser likelihood of remission and poor social functioning and global outcome (correlations 0.13–0.18). Long DUP was not associated with employment, quality of life or hospital treatment.ConclusionsThe small but mostly consistent correlation between long DUP and poor outcome indicates that early intervention in psychosis may have at least subtle positive effects on the long-term course of illness.

Verification of Ingroup Identity as a Longitudinal Mediator between Intergroup Contact and Outgroup Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Gómez ◽  
Anja Eller ◽  
Alexandra Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Ingroup Identity ◽  
Continue Work

AbstractAlmost six decades of research have consistently demonstrated that intergroup contact is one of the most powerful ways of improving intergroup attitudes. At least two important limitations, however, still compel researchers to continue work in this area: the issue of long-term effects of contact, and the processes underlying such effects. This report makes a theoretical and empirical contribution with regard to these two aspects introducing a new mediator of the effects of contact: verification of qualities of typical ingroup members that may or may not characterize individual group members (e.g. verification of ingroup identities). One hundred and forty-two high school students participated in a two-wave longitudinal study with 12 weeks’ lag in Spain. Cross-sectional and longitudinal mediational analyses using multiple imputation data showed that intergroup contact improves general outgroup evaluation through increasing verification of ingroup identities. This research demonstrates the relevance of considering verification of ingroup identity as a mediator for the positive effects of intergroup contact.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects and Prognosis in Acute Heart Failure Treated with Tolvaptan: The AVCMA Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Suzuki ◽  
Akiomi Yoshihisa ◽  
Takayoshi Yamaki ◽  
Koichi Sugimoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Kunii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
One Year

Background.Diuresis is a major therapy for the reduction of congestive symptoms in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients. We previously reported the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan compared to carperitide in hospitalized patients with ADHF. There were some reports of cardio- and renal-protective effects in carperitide; therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the long-term effects of tolvaptan and carperitide on cardiorenal function and prognosis.Methods and Results.One hundred and five ADHF patients treated with either tolvaptan or carperitide were followed after hospital discharge. Levels of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide, serum sodium, potassium, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were measured before administration of tolvaptan or carperitide at baseline, the time of discharge, and one year after discharge. These data between tolvaptan and carperitide groups were not different one year after discharge. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that the event-free rate regarding all events, cardiac events, all cause deaths, and rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure was not significantly different between tolvaptan and carperitide groups.Conclusions.We demonstrated that tolvaptan had similar effects on cardiac and renal function and led to a similar prognosis in the long term, compared to carperitide.

scholarly journals Ileal transposition in rats influenced glucose metabolism and HSP70 levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Stygar ◽  
Tomasz Sawczyn ◽  
Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek ◽  
Iwona Karcz-Socha ◽  
Bogdan Doleżych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Diabetes Remission ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Ileal Transposition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractObjective: Ileal transposition procedure (IT), in combination with sleeve gastrectomy, is widely used to induce diabetes remission and to control related metabolic abnormalities. A transposition of a long segment of distal ileum in obese Zucker rats improved glucose tolerance 6 months after IT. The premise of our study was to to examine the long - term effects of ileum transposition on the liver glycolytic enzymes content in a euglycemic group of operated Zucker rats. Methods: Twenty male Zucker rats underwent either the transposition of 50% distal ileum or a sham surgery. Six months after surgery, liver tissue concentrations of glycogen synthase kinase alpha (GSK-3α), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6PC), glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) and HSP70 were assessed by immunoenzymatic methods. Results: HSP70 values were significantly higher in the IT group compared to SHAM. G6PC liver concentrations in the IT group were almost 1.45-fold lower than in the SHAM operated rats. Statistical analyses (F-test) showed HSP70 levels were significantly related to caveolin-1and SHAM group. Conclusions: Lowered glycolytic enzyme concentrations assessed in the liver suggest positive effects on glucose metabolism in long-term observations.

scholarly journals Impact of soil scarification on reindeer pastures

Rangifer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olof Eriksson ◽  
Tuomo Raunistola
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Soil Temperatures

During recent years, soil scarification has become a standard procedure for improving seed beds after logging. Around 57 000 ha were treated, primarily through harrowing and ploughing, in the counties of Vâsterbotten and Norbotten during 1985. The positive effects of scarification, from a forestry point of view, are improved access to plant nutrients, raised soil temperatures and reduces surface moisture. The aim of the present study was to describe long-term changes in the ground vegetation following scarification. Harrowing affects 45-55% of the plant cover while ploughing affects 65-90%. 10 years after ploughing and harrowing about 20% of the surface is still without vegetation. Real long-term effects remain in dispute. It has been claimed that ploughing, at least, may lead to irreversible changes.

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