Hypertension-related eye abnormalities

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (45) ◽  
pp. 1773-1780
Author(s):  
Miklós Resch ◽  
Ildikó Süveges ◽  
János Németh
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retinal Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Mild Hypertensive

Hypertension affects a significant proportion of the population, however, it is often diagnosed with a delay. The aim of this article is to review the well known and less known eye abnormalities related to hypertension, and place them in the context of population based studies. Hypertension affects various parts of the eye. The originally classified hypertensive retinopathy (retinal microvascular changes) is still relevant, but new features are visible in cases of controlled hypertension. Signs of mild hypertensive retinopathy are more common than expected occurring in nearly 10–15% of the adult non-diabetic population. Hypertensive retinopathy can be an indicator of other hypertensive complications such as neurologic and cardiac complications. Microvascular changes are reversible in well controlled hypertension. Proper treatment of hypertension can reduce the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy and, thus, visual loss due to severe retinal diseases such as retinal vascular occlusion (artery and vein), retinal arteriolar emboli, macroaneurysm, ischemic optic neuropathy and age-related macular degeneration.Orv. Hetil., 154(45), 1773–1780.

OCT based interpretation of the optic nerve head anatomy in young adults with retinal vascular occlusions and ischemic optic neuropathy

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212095759
Author(s):  
Amy Dai ◽  
Lasse Malmqvist ◽  
Simon P Rothenbuehler ◽  
Steffen Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Artery

Purpose: To examine optic nerve head (ONH) anatomy in young adults with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) or nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) in order to look for associated, potentially predisposing anomalies. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 54 patients (ages 16–50 years) diagnosed from 2009 to 2018 with CRVO, BRVO, CRAO, BRAO, or NA-AION. Using Optical Coherence Tomography the presence of optic disc drusen (ODD), prelaminar hyperreflective lines and peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS), and determination of scleral canal size, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and macular ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT) was obtained. Data for retinal vascular occlusion patients were grouped and analyzed together. Results: ODD were found in 13% of all patients, 2% of retinal vascular occlusion patients and 67% of NA-AION patients ( p < 0.0001). Prelaminar hyperreflective lines were found in 35% of all patients, 24% of retinal vascular occlusion patients and 89% of NA-AION patients ( p = 0.0005). PHOMS were found in 20% of all patients, 13% of retinal vascular occlusion patients and 56% of NA-AION patients ( p = 0.012). RNFLT was decreased in ODD patients compared to patients without ODD ( p = 0.01). Scleral canal diameter and GCLT was not correlated with ODD, prelaminar hyperreflective lines or PHOMS. Conclusion: ODD, prelaminar hyperreflective lines and PHOMS were more frequent in NA-AION patients compared to retinal vascular occlusion patients. The prevalence of ODD in retinal vascular occlusion patients was similar to the reported prevalence in the general population.

scholarly journals Atrial fibrillation in retinal vascular occlusion disease and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0181766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Callizo ◽  
Nicolas Feltgen ◽  
Antje Ammermann ◽  
Janina Ganser ◽  
Sebastian Bemme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Retinal Vascular Occlusion

Impairment of homocysteine metabolism in patients with retinal vascular occlusion and non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Stanger ◽  
Martin Weger ◽  
Rima Obeid ◽  
Werner Temmel ◽  
Andreas Meinitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Plasma Thcy ◽  
Retinal Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Atherothrombotic Disease ◽  
Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia

AbstractMild hyperhomocysteinemia is established as an independent risk factor for atherothrombotic disease, including ocular pathologies such as retinal vascular occlusion and non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Low intake or low status of B-vitamins explains elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations only in part. The underlying cause for disturbed homocysteine metabolism requires further insight. We investigated whether the combined determinations of plasma tHcy, methylmalonic acid (MMA) and cystathionine provide more information on the causes of impaired homocysteine metabolism as compared with vitamin B

A population-based study of visual impairment in the Lower Tugela health district in KZN, SA

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Naidoo ◽  
D Sweeney ◽  
J Jaggernath ◽  
B. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Health District ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

A cross-sectional, population-based, epidemiological study of blindness and visual impairment was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of vision loss and various sight-threatening conditions in the Lower Tugela health district of the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. This study was conducted on a randomly selected sample of 3444 individuals from the district. This number represented 84% of those who were visited and 80.1% of the total sample selected. The participants ranged in age from 5 to 93 years (mean of 29.2 years and a median of 20.0 years). The proportion of men to women differed between participants aged <30 years and those aged >30 years. In both age groups, women represented the majority of participants (66.5%), but the number of women to men in the older age group was approximately twice that found in the group aged less than 30 years. The difference in age between the men and women in the study was not statistically significant (p >0.5). The study revealed that 6.4% of the population studied were visually impaired. The distribution of uncorrected visual acuity was better for women than for men for both OD and OS (p = 0.000 for OD and OS). The main causes of visual impairment were refractive error (44.5%), cataract (31.2%), glaucoma (6.0%), hypertensive retinopathy (4.1%) and diabetic retinopathy (4.1%). Unilateral blindness (OD) was present in 0.78% (95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.42%-1.14%) of participants and unilateral blindness (OS) was present in 1.1% (95% CI: 0.70%-1.50%). Thirty-one participants (0.9%) were bilaterally blind with the main causes being cataracts (54.8%) and refractive error (12.9%). Glaucoma and hypertensive retinopathy were responsible for 6.4% of ..bilateral blindness. Diabetic retinopathy, other retinal conditions (coloboma) and corneal scarring were each responsible for 3.2% of bilateral blindness. Albinism, coloboma and age-related macular degeneration accounted for 9.7% of bilateral blindness. The data provides much needed information to support the planning of eye care programs in KwaZulu-Natal.  (S Afr Optom 2013 72(3) 110-118)

scholarly journals Uveitis and Rheumatological Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Chloe Kwong Yee Cheung ◽  
Mandy Oi Man Wong ◽  
Carmen Kar Mun Chan ◽  
Ho Yin Chung
Keyword(s):  
Visual Loss ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Retinal Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Rheumatological Diseases

Uveitis is the most common ophthalmological disorder in the field of rheumatology, accounting for a significant proportion of visual morbidity, both locally and internationally. Causative factors can be divided into infectious and noninfectious etiologies. The diagnosis of uveitis is a major challenge due to heterogeneity in presentation. The disease course may be acute monophasic, recurrent, or chronic relapsing. Complications include posterior synechiae, secondary cataract, ocular hypertension or glaucoma, macular edema, retinal vascular occlusion, epiretinal membrane, and so on, and ultimately visual loss. Antimicrobial therapy is indicated for infection, whereas noninfectious uveitis warrants a combination of steroids, immunosuppressives, and anti-inflammatory agents. With the advancement of biologics, treatment strategies in chronic, noninfectious uveitis have had multiple breakthroughs, particularly in treatment-resistant cases. This article provides a review of the diagnostic approach to uveitis based on symptomatology and ophthalmological findings, and discussion of relevant treatment modalities and strategies.

scholarly journals Intravitreal Steroids for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Sarao ◽  
Daniele Veritti ◽  
Francesco Boscia ◽  
Paolo Lanzetta
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retinal Vascular Occlusion

Diabetic macular edema (DME), pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), and uveitis are ocular conditions related to severe visual impairment worldwide. Corticosteroids have been widely used in the treatment of these retinal diseases, due to their well-known antiangiogenic, antiedematous, and anti-inflammatory properties. Intravitreal steroids have emerged as novel and essential tools in the ophthalmologist’s armamentarium, allowing for maximization of drug efficacy and limited risk of systemic side effects. Recent advances in ocular drug delivery methods led to the development of intraocular implants, which help to provide prolonged treatment with controlled drug release. Moreover, they may add some potential advantages over traditional intraocular injections by delivering certain rates of drug directly to the site of action, amplifying the drug’s half-life, contributing in the minimization of peak plasma levels of the drug, and avoiding the side effects associated with repeated intravitreal injections. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the use of intravitreal steroids as a treatment option for a variety of retinal diseases and to review the current literature considering their properties, safety, and adverse events.

Eye disease in older people

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
EE Kritzinger
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retinal Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Ocular Disorders

Visual impairment in the aging population may be brought about by localized pathological change or it may be associated with systemic disease. Localized ocular disorders include three of the commonest causes of visual loss in the elderly, namely cataract, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Systemic diseases, with associated ocular involvement which may progress to blindness, include diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, which predispose to retinal vascular occlusion. Visual function may also be affected by various autoimmune disorders (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis), cerebrovascular disease, intraocular or intracranial tumours (primary or metastatic), as well as by infectious agents (herpes zoster ophthalmicus) and drugs (steroids).

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapy of Retinal Diseases with Ranibizumab

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMT.S2371
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Kiernan ◽  
Theodore K. Lin ◽  
Veeral Sheth ◽  
Rama D. Jager
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retinal Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Arterial Thromboembolic Events

The development of new, abnormal and leaky blood vessels, termed choroidal neovascularization, causes loss of vision and quality of life as a result of many ocular diseases. A current therapy for a leading cause of irreversible blindness in older people in the United States, age-related macular degeneration, is intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. However, ranibizumab has also been used off-label to successfully treat a number of other ocular diseases causing significant ocular morbidity, including retinal vascular occlusion and diabetic macular edema. Despite its efficacy, the association of detectable serum levels of ranibizumab and arterial thromboembolic events in major follow-up studies since its approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration as well as its high cost relative to the possible existence of cheaper, equally efficacious alternatives has underscored the importance of understanding the mode of action and clinical utility of this novel pharmacotherapy.

Estimation of the Safety of Intraoperative Fluid Therapy during Great Abdominal Surgery in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
V. I. Lysenko ◽  
◽  
E. A. Karpenko ◽  
Ya. V. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Fluid Regimen

The study of intraoperative fluid therapy tactics has been of great interest over the past few years, especially in people with concomitant coronary heart disease, as they make up a significant proportion of all surgical patients. The purpose of our study was to assess the risk of intraoperative myocardial damage in patients with concomitant coronary heart disease depending on the fluid regimen used based on monitoring of hemodynamic parameters, electrocardiogram and biomarkers of myocardial damage. Material and methods. The study involved 89 patients, who were divided into two groups depending on the tactics of intraoperative fluid therapy – restrictive and liberal. In order to detect cardiac complications at different stages, we assessed biomarkers of myocardial damage Troponin I, NT-proBNP by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results and discussion. Analysis of the obtained data showed that MINS (myocardial injury in noncardiac surgery) incidents were diagnosed in 5 patients (11.1%) in the first group and in 6 patients (13.6%) in the second. In patients of both groups there was an increase in NT-proBNP in the dynamics at all stages, and in the 2nd group, with a liberal regimen of intraoperative fluid therapy, it was more pronounced. It should be noted that the obtained values of NT-proBNP in all patients did not differ significantly from those allowed for this age group; such dynamics of NT-proBNP may indicate a relative risk of complications of liberal fluid therapy in patients with baseline heart failure. One of the important points when choosing the mode of fluid therapy in patients with high cardiac risk is the assessment of the initial volemic status and careful monitoring of water balance in the perioperative period with the desire for "zero" balance. The obtained dynamics of laboratory markers of myocardial damage indicates that in patients with a significant reduction in cardiac reserves compensated for heart failure, a restrictive fluid regimen is preferable, which is also confirmed by slight changes in the concentration of biomarkers. Conclusion. Thus, the study demonstrated the relative safety of selected fluid regimens in patients with concomitant coronary heart disease without signs of congestive heart failure

scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes mellitus among people living with and without HIV in British Columbia, Canada between 2001 and 2013: a longitudinal population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e048744
Author(s):  
Andreea Bratu ◽  
Taylor McLinden ◽  
Katherine Kooij ◽  
Monica Ye ◽  
Jenny Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) are increasingly at risk of age-related comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). While DM is associated with elevated mortality and morbidity, understanding of DM among PLHIV is limited. We assessed the incidence of DM among people living with and without HIV in British Columbia (BC), Canada, during 2001–2013.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from a population-based cohort study linking clinical data and administrative health data. We included PLHIV who were antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve at baseline, and 1:5 age-sex-matched persons without HIV. All participants had ≥5 years of historic data pre-baseline and ≥1 year(s) of follow-up. DM was identified using the BC Ministry of Health’s definitions applied to hospitalisation, physician billing and drug dispensation datasets. Incident DM was identified using a 5-year run-in period. In addition to unadjusted incidence rates (IRs), we estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) using Poisson regression and assessed annual trends in DM IRs per 1000 person years (PYs) between 2001 and 2013.ResultsA total of 129 PLHIV and 636 individuals without HIV developed DM over 17 529 PYs and 88,672 PYs, respectively. The unadjusted IRs of DM per 1000 PYs were 7.4 (95% CI 6.2 to 8.8) among PLHIV and 7.2 (95% CI 6.6 to 7.8) for individuals without HIV. After adjustment for confounding, HIV serostatus was not associated with DM incidence (adjusted IRR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.27). DM incidence did not increase over time among PLHIV (Kendall trend test: p=0.9369), but it increased among persons without HIV between 2001 and 2013 (p=0.0136).ConclusionsAfter adjustment, HIV serostatus was not associated with incidence of DM, between 2001 and 2013. Future studies should investigate the impact of ART on mitigating the potential risk of DM among PLHIV.

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