Developing a UV-Curable, Environmentally Benign and Degradable Elastomer for Soft Robotics

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 1551-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Rueben ◽  
Stephanie Walker ◽  
Stephen Huhn ◽  
John Simonsen ◽  
Yiğit Mengüç
Keyword(s):  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Methylene Groups

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces preliminary work on a UV-curable, environmentally benign and degradable elastomer, poly(glycerol sebacate itaconate), or PGSI, for use in soft robotics. A one-pot, solvent-free synthesis route using safe and inexpensive chemical reagents was developed to enable easy adoption into soft robotics labs. Material characterization of non-aged PGSI samples gave: ultimate tensile strength (UTS) ranging from 134 to 193 kPa with moduli ranging from 57 to 131 kPa and elongations at break ranging from 105 to 137 % (12 samples from 6 batches tested), and resilience values ranging from 73 to 82 % (3 samples from 3 batches tested). FTIR analysis showed a possible decrease in carbon-carbon double bonds after UV curing, evidencing a decrease in itaconic acid methylene groups from photoinitiated free radical cross-linking. NMR on the pre-polymer suggested incorporation of itaconic acid into the main polymer chain and evidence of heterogeneity of the polymer backbone resulting from glycerol bonding. An example molded soft pocket pneumatic actuator is created and briefly characterized. With further development, PGSI can be a degradable material to incorporate into temporary soft robots.

Environmentally benign synthesis of methyl 6-amino-5-cyano-4-aryl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxylates using CeO2 nanoparticles as a reusable and robust catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1135-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Safaei-Ghomi ◽  
Mehrnoosh Asgari-Kheirabadi ◽  
Hossein Shahbazi-Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Ceo2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Benign Synthesis

AbstractIn this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of CeO2 nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of methyl 6-amino-5-cyano-4-aryl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxylates via one-pot four-component condensation reaction of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, hydrazine hydrate, malononitrile, and aldehydes in aqueous medium. The use of a non-hazardous organic solvent, easy recovery of the catalyst, compatibility with various functional groups, and high yield of the products make the protocol attractive, greener, and economic.

Preparation and Properties of UV-Curable Adhesives Based on Epoxy Acrylate Prepolymers

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 1444-1447
Author(s):  
Yi Chi Chen ◽  
Tao He ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Li Qun Zhu ◽  
Wei Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Epoxy Acrylate ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Different Molecular Weight

Three kinds of commercially available epoxy acrylate reactive prepolymers with different molecular weight (MW) were used to formulate the UV-curable adhesives by addition of photo-initiator, reactive diluent, crosslinker and other additives as necessary. The MW of the said prepolymers were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), while the structural characterization of the prepolymers before and after UV-curing was made by FTIR. Thermal stability of two kinds of UV-cured prepolymers with distinct MW and MW distribution was detected by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis.Lap shear strength of the adherents at different temperature were tested and compared with a known superior UV-curable adhesive (Loctite 3493). Adhesion strength of the adhesives at room temperature were all higher than 15 MPa which were more than the reported riveting intensity (10.3 MPa).

Synthesis and Characterization of UV-Curable Cross-Linked Carbazole Substituted Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) for Optoelectronic Encapsulant

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Nordin Norhuda Hidayah ◽  
Othman Nadras ◽  
Ahmad Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Uv Curing ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Lorenz Model ◽  
Paper Report ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Vinyl Trimethoxysilane

This paper report the synthesis of a crosslink network of Carbazole substituted Poly (dimethylsiloxane). Vinyl Carbazole and Vinyl Trimethoxysilane were introduced into polydimethylsiloxane chain backbone through hydrosilylation reaction. 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate was then grafted into vinyl trimethoxysilane by condensation followed by UV curing to afford an elastomeric crosslink network. FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to confirm the structure of the product as well as monitoring the progress of the reactions. The visual observation shows the changing appearance of the samples with increasing curing time and distance from UV exposure. The materials displayed refractive index between 1.407 1.452 which is within an acceptable range of application as electronic encapsulant. The crosslink network improved material hardness compared to that without. These properties were examined and thoroughly discussed within the scope of Lorentz-Lorenz model.

Synthesis and Characterization of UV-Curable Resins from the Glycolysis of PET: Vinyl Ether/Maleate UV-Curing System

2007 ◽  
Vol 208 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Auvergne ◽  
Gaël Colomines ◽  
Jean-Jacques Robin ◽  
Bernard Boutevin
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ether ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Uv Curable

scholarly journals UV-Cured Biodegradable Methacrylated Starch-Based Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Camilla Noè ◽  
Chiara Tonda-Turo ◽  
Irene Carmagnola ◽  
Minna Hakkarainen ◽  
Marco Sangermano
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Uv Curing ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Pencil Hardness ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Uv Curing Process

Promising UV-curable starch-based coatings were fabricated by utilizing methacrylated starch. The aqueous methacrylated starch solution was cast on a glass substrate, and UV-cured after drying. The efficiency of UV-curing process was monitored with gel percentage measurements. The thermal and mechanical properties of the fabricated UV-cured coatings were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry and tensile test and compared with the starch-based uncured casted coatings. A complete characterization of the surface properties was performed by means of pencil hardness, adhesion, solvent resistance, and surface tension measurements. The cross-linking by UV-curing significantly enhanced the mechanical and surface properties of the coating. The effect of UV-curing on the biodegradability of the coating was evaluated by following the enzymatic degradation by α-amylase by determining the amount of glucose and maltose released from the coatings. UV-cured methacrylated starch based coating with promising material and surface properties and retained biodegradation potential was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Nano Copper-Cobalt Ferrite Catalyzed One-Pot Green Combination of β, γ- Unsaturated Ketones by Ultrasonication Method

2020 ◽  
pp. 569-618
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Cobalt Ferrite ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Acid Chlorides ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Unsaturated Ketones ◽  
Cobalt Ferrites ◽  
Several Intervals

Nano Copper-Cobalt ferrite materials have been used as magnetically separable and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of β, γ - unsaturated ketones over the allylation of acid chlorides with allyl bromides is presented. Ultrasonication method used to the reaction between substituted acid chlorides with allyl halides is carried out in attendance of Nano Copper-Cobalt ferrites at room temperature by using Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a Solvent. The present method is environmentally benign and gives very good yields. The catalyst is separated from the reaction medium using a strong magnet and reused several intervals without the loss of much catalytic activity. The mechanism of the reaction and characterization of the products are presented

Synthesis and characterization of a series of 1-methyl-4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]piperazines and a series of ethyl 4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylates

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1294-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Renée Little ◽  
Keith Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Linear Free Energy Relationship ◽  
Piperazine Ring ◽  
Linear Free Energy ◽  
In Series ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Diazonium Coupling ◽  
The Difference

1-Methylpiperazine was coupled with a series of diazonium salts to afford the 1-methyl-4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]piperazines (2), a new series of triazenes, which have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Assignment of the chemical shifts to specific protons and carbons in the piperazine ring was facilitated by comparison with the chemical shifts in the model compounds piperazine and 1-methylpiperazine and by a HETCOR experiment with the p-tolyl derivative (2i). A DEPT experiment with 1-methylpiperazine (6) was necessary to distinguish the methyl and methylene groups in 6, and a HETCOR spectrum of 6 enabled the correlation of proton and carbon chemical shifts. Line broadening of the signals from the ring methylene protons is attributed to restricted rotation around the N2-N3 bond of the triazene moiety in 2. The second series of triazenes, the ethyl 4-[2-phenyl-1-diazenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylates (3), have been prepared by similar diazonium coupling to ethyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate and were similarly characterized. The chemical shifts of the piperazine ring protons are much closer together in series 3 than in series 2, resulting in distortion of the multiplets for these methylenes. It was noticed that the difference between these chemical shifts in 3 exhibited a linear free energy relationship with the Hammett substituent constants for the substituents in the aryl ring. Key words: triazene, piperazine, diazonium coupling, NMR, HETCOR, linear free energy relationship.

scholarly journals Semi-Crystalline Hydrophobic Polyamidoamines: A New Family of Technological Materials?

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Massimo Marcioni ◽  
Jenny Alongi ◽  
Elisabetta Ranucci ◽  
Mario Malinconico ◽  
Paola Laurienzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
New Family ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Methane Flame

The hitherto known polyamidoamines (PAAs) are not suitable as structural materials because they are usually water-soluble or swellable in water. This paper deals with the synthesis and characterization of semi-crystalline hydrophobic PAAs (H-PAAs) by combining different bis-sec-amines with bis-acrylamides obtained from C6–C12 bis-prim-amines. H-PAAs were initially obtained in a solution of benzyl alcohol, a solvent suitable for both monomers and polymers. Their number average molecular weights, M¯n, which were determined with 1H-NMR by evaluating the percentage of their terminal units, varied from 6000 to >10,000. The solubility, thermal properties, ignitability and water resistance of H-PAAs were determined. They were soluble in organic solvents, semi-crystalline and thermally stable. The most promising ones were also prepared using a bulk process, which has never been previously reported for PAA synthesis. In the form of films, these H-PAAs were apparently unaffected by water. The films underwent tensile and wettability tests. They showed similar Young moduli (260–263 MPa), whereas the maximum stress and the stress at break depended on the number of methylene groups of the starting bis-acrylamides. Their wettability was somewhat higher than that of common Nylons. Interestingly, none of the H-PAAs considered, either as films or powders, ignited after prolonged exposure to a methane flame.

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