Elastic modulus measurement of multilayer metallic thin films

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1996-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Hyun Cho ◽  
Youngman Kim
Keyword(s):  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Composite Model ◽  
Metallic Thin Films ◽  
Metallic Films ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Layer Composite ◽  
Composite Models ◽  
Modulus Measurement ◽  
The One ◽  
Si Wafer

Two- and three-layer composite models were developed using a beam vibration theory, and the models were applied for measuring Young's moduli of thin metallic films. The Cr, Ni, and Co-coated Si wafer composites (two-layer composite) and (Cr/Ti/Si) composites (three-layer composite) were produced by radio-frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering and used to test the developed models. Young's moduli of (Cr) films obtained by the three-layer composite model agree well with those of (Cr) films obtained by the two-layer composite model, considering (Ti/Si) as the one layer and (Cr) as the other layer. This suggests that moduli of multilayer films may be obtained by using a two-layer composite model repeatedly.

Surfactant-Mediated Epitaxial Growth of Metallic Thin Films

2010 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Masao Kamiko ◽  
Ryoichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Thin Film Growth ◽  
Growth Mode ◽  
Metallic Thin Films ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Metallic Films ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth

The effects of several surfactants on the homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial growth of metallic films and multilayers have been studied and compared. Our measurements clearly revealed that pre-deposition of a small amount of surfactant prior to the adatom deposition changed thin film growth mode and structure. The pre-deposited surfactant enhanced layer-by-layer (LBL) growth of the homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial growth of metallic films. The surfactant also enhanced the epitaxial growth of metallic multilayer.

scholarly journals A composite computational model of liver glucose homeostasis. I. Building the composite model

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (69) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hetherington ◽  
T. Sumner ◽  
R. M. Seymour ◽  
L. Li ◽  
M. Varela Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Composite Model ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
High Scale ◽  
Composite Models ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Component Models

A computational model of the glucagon/insulin-driven liver glucohomeostasis function, focusing on the buffering of glucose into glycogen, has been developed. The model exemplifies an ‘engineering’ approach to modelling in systems biology, and was produced by linking together seven component models of separate aspects of the physiology. The component models use a variety of modelling paradigms and degrees of simplification. Model parameters were determined by an iterative hybrid of fitting to high-scale physiological data, and determination from small-scale in vitro experiments or molecular biological techniques. The component models were not originally designed for inclusion within such a composite model, but were integrated, with modification, using our published modelling software and computational frameworks. This approach facilitates the development of large and complex composite models, although, inevitably, some compromises must be made when composing the individual models. Composite models of this form have not previously been demonstrated.

Growth and Magnetic Anisotropy of Polycrystalline (110) (NiFe/Ni/NiFe)/Cu Multilayer on 4 ° TILT-CUT Si(111)

1997 ◽  
Vol 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jin Song ◽  
Byung-Il Lee ◽  
Seung-Ki Joo
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Anisotropy Constant ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy Constant ◽  
Si Wafer ◽  
Sputtering System

ABSTRACT[Cu(20Å)/NiFe(7Å)/Ni(6Å)/NiFe(7Å)]10Cu(50Å) multilayers were deposited on 4 ° tilt-cut Si(lll) using 3-gun rf magnetron sputtering system. An in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy was found and the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant was about 3×104 erg/cm3. The multilayers on non tilt-cut Si(lll) with Cu underlayer did not show any anisotropy. The crystal structure of the multilayer on 4 ° tilt-cut Si(111) was studied using TEM work and the magnetic anisotropy is originated from the growth of (110) preferred orientation of the multilayer. When other material such as Ni or NiFe was used as an underlayer for the multilayer, the magnetic anisotropy disappeared and the crystal structure was (111). The multilayer without underlayer did not show any magnetic anisotropy either. It is thought that Cu underlayer was grown with (110) orientation on 4 ° tilt-cut Si(111) through the ledges in Si wafer and worked as a template for the growth of the multilayer.

Transport properties of thin metallic films

1961 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Baines
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Boltzmann Equation ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Anisotropic Scattering ◽  
Isotropic Scattering ◽  
Metallic Films ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Parameters

ABSTRACTIn using the Boltzmann equation to calculate the transport properties of thin metallic films, it is usually assumed that a time of relaxation exists for the scattering in the film which is the same as for the bulk metal, although this is only strictly justified in the ideal case of isotropic scattering. The correct Boltzmann equation in the case of elastic scattering, when the cross-section depends on the angle of scatter, is set up and possible methods of solution are discussed.The equation is solved for a simple anisotropic scattering law and the electrical resistivity and thermo-electric power are found to depend upon two parameters which are measures respectively of the thickness of the film and the anisotropy of the scattering mechanism. The numerical results for the electrical resistivity, however, differ only slightly from those given by the one-parameter formula obtained when a time of relaxation is assumed to exist.

On the mechanism of mucosal folding in normal and asthmatic airways

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1814-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry R. Wiggs ◽  
Constantine A. Hrousis ◽  
Jeffrey M. Drazen ◽  
Roger D. Kamm
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Composite Model ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Airway Wall ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Folding Pattern ◽  
Airway Lumen ◽  
Layer Composite

Wiggs, Barry R., Constantine A. Hrousis, Jeffrey M. Drazen, and Roger D. Kamm. On the mechanism of mucosal folding in normal and asthmatic airways. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 1814–1821, 1997.—Previous studies have demonstrated that the airway wall in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is markedly thickened. It has also been observed that when the smooth muscle constricts the mucosa buckles, forming folds that penetrate into the airway lumen. This folding pattern may influence the amount of luminal obstruction associated with smooth muscle activation. A finite-element analysis of a two-layer composite model for an airway is used to investigate the factors that determine the mucosal folding pattern and how it is altered as a result of changes in the thickness or stiffness of the different layers that comprise the airway wall. Results demonstrate that the most critical physical characteristic is the thickness of the thin inner layer of the model. Thickening of this inner layer likely is represented by the enhanced subepithelial collagen deposition seen in asthma. Other findings show a high shear stress at or near the epithelial layer, which may explain the pronounced epithelial sloughing that occurs in asthma, and steep gradients in pressure that could cause significant shifts of liquid between wall compartments or between the wall and luminal or vascular spaces.

Human pose estimation via multi-layer composite models

2015 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Duan ◽  
Dhruv Batra ◽  
David J. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Pose Estimation ◽  
Human Pose Estimation ◽  
Layer Composite ◽  
Composite Models ◽  
Human Pose

Plasmon dispersions in ultrathin metallic films

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (27) ◽  
pp. 1450189
Author(s):  
Reng-Lai Wu ◽  
Ye-Jun Long ◽  
Hong-Jie Xue ◽  
Yabin Yu ◽  
Hui-Fang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Ultrathin Films ◽  
Metallic Films ◽  
Surface Electron ◽  
Plasmon Energy ◽  
Multilayer Systems ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
2D System ◽  
The One ◽  
Wave Limit ◽  
Plasmon Spectrum

We present an eigen-equation for plasmon of ultrathin films based on the self-consistent linear response approximation (SCLRA). The calculations for plasmon dispersion in both single and multilayer systems are reported. There are two types of plasmon in the plasmon spectrum, two-dimensional (2D) and bulk-like (BL) modes. The plasmon energy of the 2D mode is zero in the long wave limit, while the one of BL mode is nonzero in the long-wave limit. Given a surface electron density, with the decrease of the wave vector the dispersions of the 2D plasmon of different layer systems become equal to each other, and approach results of the pure 2D system.

Fabrication of Nanostructured Thin Films Using Porous Alumina Templates

2006 ◽  
Vol 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijun Yin ◽  
Jin Ho Kim ◽  
Jimmy Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Anodic Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Porous Alumina ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Metallic Thin Films ◽  
Metallic Films ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Biomedical Analysis ◽  
Anodic Aluminum

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate a method for fabricating a variety of nanostructured metallic thin films by using one simple approach based on the use of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as masking template. Highly-ordered large-area metallic nanopore- or nanotip-arrays (e.g., Ni, Ag, Au), with various sizes and shapes, were deposited onto AAO membranes through e-beam evaporation. Free standing nano-patterned metallic films were obtained after chemically removing the template and characterized using scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical methods. The nanostructured films will find use in a number of applications, such as plasmonics, electrochemical and biomedical analysis, and catalysis.

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