Neutron Scattering Studies of Dynamics: A New Frontier in Materials Science

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Richter ◽  
Dan A. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Molecular Geometry ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Dynamic Dimension ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Diffusion Of Hydrogen

AbstractKnowledge of the dynamic dimension of materials is an extremely important ingredient for understanding their properties. Neutron scattering is uniquely capable of revealing aspects of the atomic and molecular geometry of motions over a wide range of time scales. To illustrate this fact, we give a number of examples from different areas of materials science. We discuss the diffusion of hydrogen in protonic conductors; the hydration of portland cement; and aspects of the molecular rheology of polymers, emphasizing in particular the effect of branching. All of these experiments have added important basic information to the understanding of the respective systems. With the advent of the new megawatt neutron spallation sources, the role of neutron scattering in revealing the dynamical properties of materials is expected to increase substantially.

Nanomaterial: A Sustainable Way to Fight against COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atish K. Maldhure
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Almost All

Abstract:: Nanotechnology is multidisciplinary science which deals with physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering sciences. The applications of Nanotechnology cover almost all the branches of science and technology. In late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 virus becomes caused to infection of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) becomes challenge to Hospitals and laboratories, due to the large number samples comes for testing the presence of the causative pathogen. Many Scientist and researchers are devotedly working on to find out rapid immunodiagnostic methods to find positive cases. Nano based drugs offer a new therapeutic scheme against the wide range of bacterial pathogens. In this review article, I try to focus on the role of nanomaterial fighting against COVID-19.

Synchrotron Radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Phil Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Physical Principles

Learn about the properties of synchrotron radiation and its wide range of applications in physics, materials science and chemistry with this invaluable reference. This thorough text describes the physical principles of the subject, its source and methods of delivery to the sample, as well as the different techniques that use synchrotron radiation to analyse the electronic properties and structure of crystalline and non-crystalline materials and surfaces. Explains applications to study the structure and electronic properties of materials on a microscopic, nanoscopic and atomic scale. An excellent resource for current and future users of these facilities, showing how the available techniques can complement information obtained in users' home laboratories. Perfect for graduate and senior undergraduate students taking specialist courses in synchrotron radiation, in addition to new and established researchers in the field.

Performance and characteristics of the BILBY time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering instrument

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sokolova ◽  
Andrew E. Whitten ◽  
Liliana de Campo ◽  
Jason Christoforidis ◽  
Andrew Eltobaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Nuclear Science ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wavelength Resolution ◽  
Reference Samples

BILBY is a recently constructed and commissioned time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering instrument, operated by the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). BILBY provides a wide accessible q range (q ≃ 1.0 × 10−3 Å−1 to ∼1.8 Å−1) and variable wavelength resolution (Δλ/λ ≃ 3–30%) to complement the other small-angle and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering capabilities available at ANSTO. Since its construction, BILBY has been used to study samples from a wide range of scientific disciplines, including biology, chemistry, physics and materials science. This article describes the BILBY design and components, and shows data collected from a number of reference samples.

scholarly journals CONTENT FULL AND FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF MATERIAL SCIENCE IN THE TRAINING OF BACHELORS OF DECORATIVE ART

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Podolyanchuk S.V.
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Decorative Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Properties Of Materials

The article is devoted to the problems of training bachelors of decorative arts. The research was carried out using the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction and generalization. The importance of studying materials science in decorative arts in general and as a component of professional training of future specialists in particular is shown. The substantive part of the study of the discipline, along with the acquaintance of higher education students with the basics of materials science as a science and a list of basic properties of materials should include a wide range of different groups of materials. Such groups of materials and products should include metallic materials and products; wood materials and products; ceramic materials and products; glass and glass products; materials and products made of natural stone; materials and products based on polymers and mineral binders; textile materials and products; leather and fur.The importance of a detailed study of various properties of materials is proved. At the same time, along with the study of the basic physical, mechanical and chemical properties of materials, increased attention should be paid to those properties that must be considered by bachelors of decorative arts in the process of future professional activity. Such groups of properties include: technological, which characterize the ability of the material to perceive various technological operations to change the shape, size, and individual properties of the product; operational, which are related to the operating conditions and (or) environmental impact; ecological, which characterize the degree of impact of the material on the environment and living organisms; aesthetic, which characterize the level of artistic expression of the material.The expediency of acquainting higher education students with the main groups of methods of processing materials and products, namely – by plastic deformation, by cutting, and using thermal methods is shown as well. The importance of studying different methods of surface treatment of products (painting, varnishing, enameling, nickel plating, chrome plating) is emphasized, as such methods have not only an aesthetic component but also serve as an important component of product protection from various external factors.Key words: decorative materials, decorative art, properties of materials, processing of materials, surface treatment. Стаття присвячена проблемам підготовки бакалаврів декоративного мистецтва. Дослідження здій-снювалось за допомогою методів аналізу, синтезу, порівняння, абстрагування та узагальнення. Пока-зана важливість вивчення матеріалознавства в декоративному мистецтві загалом та як складника професійної підготовки майбутніх фахівців зокрема. Змістовна частина вивчення дисципліни поряд з ознайомленням здобувачів вищої освіти з основами матеріалознавства як науки та переліком основних властивостей матеріалів має включати в себе широкий спектр різноманітних груп матеріалів. До таких груп матеріалів та виробів варто зарахувати: металеві матеріали та вироби; матеріали та вироби з дере-вини; керамічні матеріали та вироби; скло та вироби зі скла; матеріали і вироби з природного каме-ню; матеріали і вироби на основі полімерів та мінеральних в’яжучих речовин; текстильні матеріали та вироби; шкіра і хутро.Доведена важливість детального вивчення різноманітних властивостей матеріалів. При цьому поряд із вивченням основних фізичних, механічних та хімічних властивостей матеріалів, посилена увага має приділятись тим властивостям, які необхідно враховувати бакалаврам декоративного мистецтва в процесі майбутньої професійної діяльності. До таких груп властивостей належать: технологічні, які характеризують здатність матеріалу сприймати різні технологічні операції щодо зміни форми, розмірів та окремих властивостей виробу; експлуатаційні, які пов’язані з умовами експлуатації та (або) впливом довкілля; екологічні, які характеризують ступінь впливу матеріалу на навколишнє середовище і живі організми; естетичні, які характеризують рівень художньої виразності матеріалу.Показана доцільність ознайомлення здобувачів вищої освіти з основними групами методів обробки матеріалів та виробів, а саме: шляхом пластичного деформування, шляхом різання та за допомогою термічних методів. Підкреслена важливість вивчення різних способів обробки поверхні виробів (фар-бування, лакування, емалювання, нікелювання, хромування), оскільки такі методи мають не лише есте-тичну складову частину, а й слугують важливим компонентом захисту виробів від дії різноманітних зовнішніх чинників.Ключові слова: декоративні матеріали, декоративне мистецтво, властивості матеріалів, обробка матеріалів, обробка поверхні.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Introduction: Emotion, History and the Arts

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Sullivan ◽  
Marie Louise Herzfeld-Schild
Keyword(s):  
Historical Change ◽  
Carson Mccullers ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Review Section ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
War Correspondents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Johan Huizinga

This introduction surveys the rise of the history of emotions as a field and the role of the arts in such developments. Reflecting on the foundational role of the arts in the early emotion-oriented histories of Johan Huizinga and Jacob Burkhardt, as well as the concerns about methodological impressionism that have sometimes arisen in response to such studies, the introduction considers how intensive engagements with the arts can open up new insights into past emotions while still being historically and theoretically rigorous. Drawing on a wide range of emotionally charged art works from different times and places—including the novels of Carson McCullers and Harriet Beecher-Stowe, the private poetry of neo-Confucian Chinese civil servants, the photojournalism of twentieth-century war correspondents, and music from Igor Stravinsky to the Beatles—the introduction proposes five ways in which art in all its forms contributes to emotional life and consequently to emotional histories: first, by incubating deep emotional experiences that contribute to formations of identity; second, by acting as a place for the expression of private or deviant emotions; third, by functioning as a barometer of wider cultural and attitudinal change; fourth, by serving as an engine of momentous historical change; and fifth, by working as a tool for emotional connection across communities, both within specific time periods but also across them. The introduction finishes by outlining how the special issue's five articles and review section address each of these categories, while also illustrating new methodological possibilities for the field.

Short Films from a Small Nation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Art And Architecture

The first book-length study in English of a national corpus of state-sponsored informational film, this book traces how Danish shorts on topics including social welfare, industry, art and architecture were commissioned, funded, produced and reviewed from the inter-war period to the 1960s. For three decades, state-sponsored short filmmaking educated Danish citizens, promoted Denmark to the world, and shaped the careers of renowned directors like Carl Th. Dreyer. Examining the life cycle of a representative selection of films, and discussing their preservation and mediation in the digital age, this book presents a detailed case study of how informational cinema is shaped by, and indeed shapes, its cultural, political and technological contexts.The book combines close textual analysis of a broad range of films with detailed accounts of their commissioning, production, distribution and reception in Denmark and abroad, drawing on Actor-Network Theory to emphasise the role of a wide range of entities in these processes. It considers a broad range of genres and sub-genres, including industrial process films, public information films, art films, the city symphony, the essay film, and many more. It also maps international networks of informational and documentary films in the post-war period, and explores the role of informational film in Danish cultural and political history.

Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Studying the Processes of Socialization of a Modern Teenager

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Svetlana Alekseevna Raschetina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Making Friends ◽  
Main Support

Relevance and problem statement. Modern unstable society is characterized by narrowing the boundaries of controlled socialization and expanding the boundaries of spontaneous socialization of a teenager based on his immersion in the question arises about the importance of the family in the process of socialization of a teenager in the conditions of expanding the space of socialization. There is a need to study the role of the family in this process, to search, develop and test research methods that allow us to reveal the phenomenon of socialization from the side of its value characteristics. The purpose and methodology of the study: to identify the possibilities of a systematic and anthropological methodology for studying the role of the family in the process of socialization of adolescents in modern conditions, testing research methods: photo research on the topic “Ego – I” (author of the German sociologist H. Abels), profile update reflexive processes (by S. A. Raschetina). Materials and results of the study. The study showed that for all the problems that exist in the family of the perestroika era and in the modern family, it acts for a teenager as a value and the first (main) support in the processes of socialization. The positions well known in psychology about the importance of interpersonal relations in adolescence for the formation of attitudes towards oneself as the basis of socialization are confirmed. Today, the frontiers of making friends have expanded enormously on the basis of Internet communication. The types of activities of interest to a teenager (traditional and new ones related to digitalization) are the third pillar of socialization. Conclusion. The “Ego – I” method of photo research has a wide range of possibilities for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the socialization process to identify the value Pillars of this process.

Everything you've always wanted to know about what your students think they know but were afraid to ask.

2000 ◽  
Vol 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Werwa
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Museum Exhibit ◽  
Museum Visitors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Formal Science ◽  
Lay Public

ABSTRACTA review of the educational literature on naive concepts about principles of chemistry and physics and surveys of science museum visitors reveal that people of all ages have robust alternative notions about the nature of atoms, matter, and bonding that persist despite formal science education experiences. Some confusion arises from the profound differences in the way that scientists and the lay public use terms such as materials, metals, liquids, models, function, matter, and bonding. Many models that eloquently articulate arrangements of atoms and molecules to informed scientists are not widely understood by lay people and may promote naive notions among the public. Shifts from one type of atomic model to another and changes in size scales are particularly confusing to learners. People's abilities to describe and understand the properties of materials are largely based on tangible experiences, and much of what students learn in school does not help them interpret their encounters with materials and phenomena in everyday life. Identification of these challenges will help educators better convey the principles of materials science and engineering to students, and will be particularly beneficial in the design of the Materials MicroWorld traveling museum exhibit.

Victorian Culture and Classical Antiquity

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Goldhill
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Victorian Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Victorian Art ◽  
Victorian Science ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Nineteenth Century Novels

How did the Victorians engage with the ancient world? This book is an exploration of how ancient Greece and Rome influenced Victorian culture. Through Victorian art, opera, and novels, the book examines how sexuality and desire, the politics of culture, and the role of religion in society were considered and debated through the Victorian obsession with antiquity. Looking at Victorian art, it demonstrates how desire and sexuality, particularly anxieties about male desire, were represented and communicated through classical imagery. Probing into operas of the period, the book addresses ideas of citizenship, nationalism, and cultural politics. And through fiction—specifically nineteenth-century novels about the Roman Empire—it discusses religion and the fierce battles over the church as Christianity began to lose dominance over the progressive stance of Victorian science and investigation. Rediscovering some great forgotten works and reframing some more familiar ones, the book offers extraordinary insights into how the Victorian sense of antiquity and our sense of the Victorians came into being. With a wide range of examples and stories, it demonstrates how interest in the classical past shaped nineteenth-century self-expression, giving antiquity a unique place in Victorian culture.

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