Cellulase Production from Filamentous Fungi for Its Application in the Hydrolysis of Wheat Straw

2015 ◽  
Vol 1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Toscano-Palomar ◽  
G. Montero-Alpirez ◽  
M. Stilianova-Stoytcheva ◽  
E. Vertiz-Pelaez ◽  
y E. Romero Uscanga
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Mineral Medium ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes

ABSTRACTExtended research has been developed in the use of wheat straw (WS) as biomass for the production of biofuels (bioethanol), including the processes of degradation of cellulose by enzymatic systems. For centuries, Cellulose has been used by man; however, its enormous potential as a renewable energy source was recognized only after the discovery of cellulose degrading enzymes (cellulases). A wide variety of microorganisms can produce cellulolytic enzymes under appropriate culture conditions and among these microorganisms are filamentous fungi of the genera Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The purpose of this study was to produce cellulase enzyme from previously isolated and characterized filamentous fungi. Cellulytic fungi belonged toAspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium sp.,andTrichoderma harzianum.All these strains were preserved by lyophilization and also kept in sterile media (sand and soil) at 4 °C. The production of cellulases by submerged fermentation was performed in a Mandels mineral medium. The nitrogen sources were urea and ammonium sulfate. Glucose alone was used in the pre-inoculum, and dried and ground wheat straw was used in the fermentation as carbon sources. Subcultures of spore suspensions were incubated with orbital stirring (120 rpm) at 30 °C for 48 hours and used as inoculum for submerged fermentation with wheat straw as substrate in mineral medium with an initial pH of 5. Activity cellulase was determined by the method of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS). The results showed that wheat straw have potential for use as a substrate in the production of cellulases.Aspergillus nigershowed the highest enzymatic activity from the cellulase produced 0.051 FPU (filter paper units) after 96 hours of fermentation.

scholarly journals Optimization of Cellulase Production from Bacteria Isolated from Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Sethi ◽  
Aparna Datta ◽  
B. Lal Gupta ◽  
Saksham Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
E Coli

Cellulase-producing bacteria were isolated from soil and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilIs, E. coli, and Serratia marcescens. Optimization of the fermentation medium for maximum cellulase production was carried out. The culture conditions like pH, temperature, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources were optimized. The optimum conditions found for cellulase production were 40°C at pH 10 with glucose as carbon source and ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source, and coconut cake stimulates the production of cellulase. Among bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens is the best cellulase producer among the four followed by Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, and Serratia marscens.

scholarly journals Optimization of Cellulase Production by Aspergillus niger Isolated from Forest Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srilakshmi Akula ◽  
Narasimha Golla
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Commercial Applications

Background:An impressive increase in the application of cellulases in various fields over the last few decades demands extensive research in improving its quality and large-scale production. Therefore, the current investigation focuses on factors relevant for optimal production of cellulase byAspergillus nigerisolated from forest soil.Method:Throughout this study, the fungal strainAspergillus nigerwas maintained under the submerged condition for a period of 7 days at 120 rpm rotational speed. Various physical and chemical conditions were employed in examining their influence on cellulase production by the selected fungal strain. After appropriate incubation, culture filtrates were withdrawn and checked for FPase, CMCase, and β-D-glucosidase activities.Results:The optimum pH and temperature for cellulase production were found to be 5.0 and 32°C, respectively. Among the various carbon sources tested in the present study, amendment of lactose in the medium yielded peak values of FPase (filter paperase) and CMCase (Carboxy-methyl cellulase) whereas fructose supported the higher titers of β-glucosidase. Among the nitrogen sources, profound FPase and CMCase activity were recorded when urea was used but higher β-glucosidase activity was noticed when yeast extract was added. Various natural lignocellulosic substrates like bagasse, coir, corncob, groundnut shells, litter, rice bran, rice husk, sawdust and wheat bran were tested to find out the induction of cellulase. Among the lignocelluloses, sawdust and litter served as good substrates for cellulase production byAspergillus niger.Conclusion:In gist, the outcome of this study sheds light on the cellulolytic potentiality of the fungal strainAspergillus nigerpromising in its future commercial applications which may be economically feasible.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND RHIZOPUS SP. BY SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF PRICKLY PEAR

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMIRES CARVALHO DOS SANTOS ◽  
GEORGE ABREU FILHO ◽  
AILA RIANY DE BRITO ◽  
AURELIANO JOSÉ VIEIRA PIRES ◽  
RENATA CRISTINA FERREIRA BONOMO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

ABSTRACT: Prickly palm cactus husk was used as a solid-state fermentation support substrate for the production of cellulolytic enzymes using Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus sp. A Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effects of water activity, fermentation time and temperature on endoglucanase and total cellulase production. Response Surface Methodology showed that optimum conditions for endoglucanase production were achieved at after 70.35 h of fermentation at 29.56°C and a water activity of 0.875 for Aspergillus niger and after 68.12 h at 30.41°C for Rhizopus sp. Optimum conditions for total cellulase production were achieved after 74.27 h of fermentation at 31.22°C for Aspergillus niger and after 72.48 h and 27.86°C for Rhizopus sp. Water activity had a significant effect on Aspergillus niger endoglucanase production only. In industrial applications, enzymatic characterization is important for optimizing variables such as temperature and pH. In this study we showed that endoglucanase and total cellulase had a high level of thermostability and pH stability in all the enzymatic extracts. Enzymatic deactivation kinetic experiments indicated that the enzymes remained active after the freezing of the crude extract. Based on the results, bioconversion of cactus is an excellent alternative for the production of thermostable enzymes.

scholarly journals Putative metabolic pathway for the bioproduction of bikaverin and intermediates thereof in the wild Fusarium oxysporum LCP531 strain

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Lebeau ◽  
Thomas Petit ◽  
Laurent Dufossé ◽  
Yanis Caro
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Considerable Work ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses

AbstractFungal naphthoquinones, like red bikaverin, are of interest due to their growing applications in designing pharmaceutical products. Though considerable work has been done on the elucidation of bikaverin biosynthesis pathway in Fusarium fujikuroi, very few reports are available regarding its bioproduction in F. oxysporum. We are hereby proposing a putative metabolic pathway for bikaverin bioproduction in a wild F. oxysporum strain by cross-linking the pigment profiles we obtained under two different fermentation conditions with literature. Naphthoquinone pigments were extracted with a pressurized liquid extraction method, and characterized by HPLC–DAD and UHPLC-HRMS. The results led to the conclusions that the F. oxysporum LCP531 strain was able to produce bikaverin and its various intermediates, e.g., pre-bikaverin, oxo-pre-bikaverin, dinor-bikaverin, me-oxo-pre-bikaverin, and nor-bikaverin, in submerged cultures in various proportions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of these five bikaverin intermediates from F. oxysporum cultures, providing us with steady clues for confirming a bikaverin metabolic pathway as well as some of its regulatory patterns in the F. oxysporum LCP531 strain, based on the previously reported model in F. fujikuroi. Interestingly, norbikaverin accumulated along with bikaverin in mycelial cells when the strain grew on simple carbon and nitrogen sources and additional cofactors. Along bikaverin production, we were able to describe the excretion of the toxin beauvericin as main extrolite exclusively in liquid medium containing complex nitrogen and carbon sources, as well as the isolation of ergosterol derivate in mycelial extracts, which have potential for pharmaceutical uses. Therefore, culture conditions were also concluded to trigger some specific biosynthetic route favoring various metabolites of interest. Such observation is of great significance for selective production of pigments and/or prevention of occurrence of others (aka mycotoxins).

scholarly journals β-Fructofuranosidase andβ–D-Fructosyltransferase from NewAspergillus carbonariusPC-4 Strain Isolated from Canned Peach Syrup: Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Enzyme Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Carvalho do Nascimento ◽  
Ryhára Dias Batista ◽  
Claudia Cristina Auler do Amaral Santos ◽  
Ezequiel Marcelino da Silva ◽  
Fabrício Coutinho de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

β-fructofuranosidase (invertase) andβ-D-fructosyltransferase (FTase) are enzymes used in industrial processes to hydrolyze sucrose aiming to produce inverted sugar syrup or fructooligosaccharides. In this work, a blackAspergillussp. PC-4 was selected among six filamentous fungi isolated from canned peach syrup which were initially screened for invertase production. Cultivations with pure carbon sources showed that invertase and FTase were produced from glucose and sucrose, but high levels were also obtained from raffinose and inulin. Pineapple crown was the best complex carbon source for invertase (6.71 U/mL after 3 days of cultivation) and FTase production (14.60 U/mL after 5 days of cultivation). Yeast extract and ammonium chloride nitrogen sources provided higher production of invertase (6.80 U/mL and 6.30 U/mL, respectively), whereas ammonium nitrate and soybean protein were the best nitrogen sources for FTase production (24.00 U/mL and 24.90 U/mL, respectively). Fermentation parameters for invertase using yeast extract wereYP/S= 536.85 U/g andPP= 1.49 U/g/h. FTase production showed values ofYP/S= 2,627.93 U/g andPP= 4.4 U/h using soybean protein. The screening for best culture conditions showed an increase of invertase production values by 5.10-fold after 96 h cultivation compared to initial experiments (fungi bioprospection), while FTase production increased by 14.60-fold (44.40 U/mL) after 168 h cultivation.A. carbonariusPC-4 is a new promising strain for invertase and FTase production from low cost carbon sources, whose synthesized enzymes are suitable for the production of inverted sugar, fructose syrups, and fructooligosaccharides.

scholarly journals The Cultivation Method Affects the Transcriptomic Response of Aspergillus niger to Growth on Sugar Beet Pulp

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Garrigues ◽  
Roland S. Kun ◽  
Mao Peng ◽  
Birgit S. Gruben ◽  
Isabelle Benoit Gelber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Natural Response

Understanding the interaction between filamentous fungi and their natural and biotechnological environments has been of great interest for the scientific community. Submerged cultures are preferred over solid cultures at a laboratory scale to study the natural response of fungi to different stimuli found in nature (e.g., carbon/nitrogen sources, pH).

scholarly journals Cellulase Enzyme Production from Filamentous Fungi Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus awamori in Submerged Fermentation with Rice Straw

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Laila Naher ◽  
Siti Noor Fatin ◽  
Md Abdul Halim Sheikh ◽  
Lateef Adebola Azeez ◽  
Shaiquzzaman Siddiquee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Aspergillus Awamori ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme

Fungi are a diverse group of microorganisms that play many roles in human livelihoods. However, the isolation of potential fungal species is the key factor to their utilization in different sectors, including the enzyme industry. Hence, in this study, we used two different fungal repositories—soil and weed leaves—to isolate filamentous fungi and evaluate their potential to produce the cellulase enzyme. The fungal strains were isolated using dichloran rose bengal agar (DRBA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). For cellulase enzyme production, a rice straw submerged fermentation process was used. The enzyme production was carried out at the different incubation times of 3, 5, and 7 days of culture in submerged conditions with rice straw. Fungal identification studies by morphological and molecular methods showed that the soil colonies matched with Trichoderma reesei, and the weed leaf colonies matched with Aspergillus awamori. These species were coded as T. reesei UMK04 and A. awamori UMK02, respectively. This is the first report of A. awamori UMK02 isolation in Malaysian agriculture. The results of cellulase production using the two fungi incorporated with rice straw submerged fermentation showed that T. reesei produced a higher amount of cellulase at Day 5 (27.04 U/mg of dry weight) as compared with A. awamori (15.19 U/mg of dry weight), and the concentration was significantly different (p < 0.05). Our results imply that T. reesei can be utilized for cellulase production using rice straw.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF GROUNDNUT CAKE AND SOYA BEANS ON ENHANCED CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM PAWPAW AND ORANGE PEEL BY MUTANTS OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
H. T. BALOGUN-ABIOLA ◽  
S. O. KAREEM ◽  
R. B. AFOLABI ◽  
O. A. AKINLOYE
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Mutant Strains

This present study was concerned with the biosynthesis of citric acid (CA) with mutant strain of Aspergillus niger using pawpaw and orange peel as substrates by solid state fermentation process. The A. niger strain isolated from spoilt orange was identified, screened for CA production on Czapek-Dox Agar and subjected to mutation by ethidium bromide. The effect of carbon sources, nitrogen sources and substrates were also determined.  Among the mutant strains, A. niger PJ-02 A120 was found to be the best mutant that produced citric acid (65.00±0.58f) after 48 hours in Vogel’s medium. The effects of carbon sources (sucrose and glucose) on CA production from each substrate (orange and pawpaw peel) using mutant A. niger PJ-02 was determined and sucrose, the best carbon source was combined with two the nitrogen sources (groundnut cake and soyabeans) to determine the most suitable supplement for CA production. Groundnut cake enhances the production of citric acid while soyabeans was inhibitory. Citric acid was further produced in pawpaw peel and orange peel medium containing sucrose (5 %) groundnut cake (2 %), methanol (1.5 %) and the mutant strain. The orange peel substrates yielded 112.07g/kg of CA while 107.17g/kg was recorded for pawpaw peel when fermented for 5 days at 30°C. The Production of citric acid with mutant Aspergillus niger proved better with orange peel than pawpaw peel when optimized with alcohol.      

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