X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Annealed SiGe/Si SLS

1988 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter P. Lowe ◽  
R. A. Macharrie ◽  
J. C. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Growth Direction ◽  
Alloy Layer ◽  
Annealed Sample ◽  
Envelope Function ◽  
Tetragonal Distortion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Unannealed Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sige Alloy ◽  
Ordered State

AbstractWe have done x-ray diffraction to study the affect of annealing on a SiGe/Si strained-layer superlattice (SLS). The post anneal spatial distribution of the Ge and Si atoms within the alloy layer is of particular interest. X-ray data taken from an annealed sample along the superlattice direction (100) show two sharp and well separated superlattice envelope functions. In contrast to the unannealed sample, and what would be a typical scattering spectra for a superlattice, the envelopes bisect the position of the unannealed sample's envelope function. The position of the envelope function is related to the tetragonal distortion εT in the SiGe alloy layers. The two separate envelopes (α and β) show that the SiGe alloy (100) planes have divided themselves into two groups with different interplanar spacings after the anneal. Each group with a tetragonal distortion such that and where εT is the tetragonal distortion in the unannealed sample. This is strong evidence for coherent phase separation perpendicular to the growth direction, along the SiGe alloy layer. In another investigation a search of reciprocal space for the 2 × 2 {… SiSiGeGe…} (111) chemically ordered state showed no evidence for the existence of such an ordered state.

Crystallinity of YBa2Cu3O7−x single crystals grown by the pulling method

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Namikawa ◽  
M. Egami ◽  
S. Koyama ◽  
Y. Shiohara ◽  
H. Kutami
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Annealed Sample ◽  
Seed Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rocking Curve ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystal Seed ◽  
Better Than

Large YBa2Cu3O7−x (Y123) single crystals (larger than 13 mm cubed) have been grown along the c-axis reproducibly by the modified pulling method. The crystallinity of Y123 single crystal was investigated by x-ray diffraction and x-ray topography. Crystals grown from an MgO single crystal seed had some low angle subgrain boundaries which tilted 0.1–0.8° from each other. These grain boundaries originated from the seed crystal, and the subgrains were extended along the growth direction from the seed crystal. Y123 single crystals with no marked subgrains in the whole area were obtained by using Y123 single subgrain crystal seeds. FWHM of the x-ray rocking curve for the crystal so produced was about 0.14°, which was much better than the spectrum consisting of several separated peaks obtained from the previous crystals. Tc onset of the annealed sample was about 93.6 K, and the transition width was about 0.9 K. The low angle subgrain boundaries did not seem to be effective pinning centers for the magnetic flux.

Growth of epitaxial ZnO films on Si(111)

2002 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunming Jin ◽  
Ashutosh Tiwari ◽  
A. Kvit ◽  
J. Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transparent Conducting Oxide ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Aln Buffer

AbstractEpitaxial ZnO films have been grown on Si(111) substrates by employing a AlN buffer layer during a pulsed laser-deposition process. The epitaxial structure of AlN on Si(111) substrate provides a template for ZnO growth. The resultant films are evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and electrical measurements. The results of x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy on these films clearly show the epitaxial growth of ZnO films with an orientational relationship of ZnO[0001]||Aln[0001]||Si[111] along the growth direction and ZnO[2 11 0]||AlN[2 11 0]||Si[0 11] along the in-plane direction. High electrical conductivity (103 S/m at 300 K) and a linear I-V characteristics make these epitaxial films ideal for microelectronic, optoelectronic, and transparent conducting oxide applications.

Influence of Time and Temperature on Directional Growth of MoO3

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 1001-1006
Author(s):  
Claudia Ferreira da Silva ◽  
André Lima e Silva ◽  
Francisco Xavier Nobre ◽  
Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho ◽  
Luiz de Sousa Santos Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Orthorhombic Phase ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Directional Growth ◽  
Preferential Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preferential Growth Direction ◽  
Characteristic Modes

Two-dimensional microstructures of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) were synthesized by heptamolybdate tetrahydrate ammonium acidification, followed by calcination. A solution of the precursor compound heptamolybdate tetrahydrate ammonium acidified to pH 3,5 using glacial acetic acid followed by hydrothermal treatment for 150, 180 and 200 °C for 1, 6 and 12 hours. Then, the intermediate was calcined at 300 °C for varying time 6 and 12h to obtain MoO3. X-ray diffraction revealed that the crystals grew with crystalline structure corresponding to the orthorhombic phase of MoO3 (a-MoO3) as major phase, with a preferential growth direction along the planes (0K0). Raman spectroscopy and IR confirmed the formation of the characteristic modes of molybdenum trioxide for stage found. With Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was possible to observe the formation of nanoplates.

Microstructure and Phase Composition of AlN/Al Composite Fabricated by Directed Melt Nitridation

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 977-979
Author(s):  
Sheng Li Jin ◽  
Ya Wei Li ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yuan Bing Li ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
Scanning Electron

AlN/Al ceramic composite was fabricated by directed melt nitridation of pure Al block covered with 10wt% Mg powder at 1300°C in a high purity flowing N2. Microstructure and phase composition of the composite were investigated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that AlN is the main phase in the composite and its lattice parameters of a and c are 3.1110Å and 4.9806Å, respectively. The phase composition of the composite changes along the growth direction and a gradient sandwich structure forms. The surface of the composite is made up of a dense and thin nodular AlN layer, underneath which an AlN/Al layer appears, followed by an AlN/Al/MgAl2O4 layer. Thermodynamic calculations predicted the formation of possible phases with the addition of Mg. It suggested that the content of Mg at the reaction frontier of nitridation is considerably lower to 0.15wt% where MgAl2O4 was stable, because of escape and reaction exhaustion of Mg. Once Mg is lower than 0.05wt%, only a dense AlN layer can exist, which prevents the further nitridation of Al melt.

Study on Manufacturing Process and Applying of Galvalume

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 1406-1409
Author(s):  
Meng Song ◽  
Yun Li Feng ◽  
Jing Bo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Alloy Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Elongation ◽  
Coated Surface ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Zn Alloy ◽  
Thermal Simulation Experiment

Annealing and dip galvanizing treatments of Galvalume were studied by using methods of Gleeble thermal simulation experiment and optical microscopy (OM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and so on. Meanwhile, surface morphology, microstructure, phases and the respective compositions of Al-Zn alloy coating plate were analyzed. The results show that decreased rate and prolonged time of annealing treatment cause less effect on process ability of product, which all because of the short time of annealing process in continuous aluminum-zinc treatment. However, coarse grain which causes low strength, high elongation and r value occurs when rising annealing temperature. To get better coated surface, in-zinc pot temperature should be controlled in the range of 590~610°C, and height of air-knife nozzle should be kept in the range of 150~200mm. Surface layer of 55％Al-Zn alloy coating is covered by Al-Zn alloy, the intermediate alloy layer is consisted of binary and ternary compounds, such as θ phase (FeAl3), Al0.3Fe3Si0.7 and Al3.21Si0.47. Keywords: Galvalume, Process, Microstructure, Properties

Phase and Particle Size Analysis of SnO2 Nanomaterials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1109 ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
Nor Diyana Abdul Aziz ◽  
Kelimah Elong ◽  
Norlida Kamarulzaman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Annealed Sample ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Sizer

Tin Oxide (SnO2) is a metal oxide which has many applications in industry. In this study, SnO2 powders were synthesized by a self-propagating combustion (SPC) method. The product was annealed at 800 °C for 12 and 24 h before characterizing with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for phase studies. X-Ray Diffraction results showed that both samples are pure of tetragonal structure with space group P42/mnm. The sample annealed at a longer period, that is, 24 h, shows a higher degree of crystallinity compared to the 12 h annealed sample. It also shows a smaller full width at half maximum (FWHM), indicating larger crystallite size for the 24 h annealed sample. The particle size analysis reveals that there are two groups of particle size distributions for both samples. SEM results give values that are different from the particle sizer results due to the different nature of the measurement methods.

scholarly journals Formation of amyloid-like aggregates through the attachment of protein molecules to a Congo red scaffolding framework ordered under the influence of an electric field

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Stopa ◽  
Barbara Piekarska ◽  
Leszek Konieczny ◽  
Marcin Król ◽  
Janina Rybarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Ordered Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Ordered State

AbstractThis study describes a technique which makes it possible to introduce the amyloid-like order to protein aggregates by using the scaffolding framework built from supramolecular, fibrillar Congo red structures arranged in an electric field. The electric field was used not only to obtain a uniform orientation of the charged dye fibrils, but also to make the fibrils long, compact and rigid due to the delocalization of pi electrons, which favors ring stacking and, as a consequence, results in an increased tendency to self-assemble. The protein molecules (immunoglobulin L chain lambda, ferritin) attached to this easily adsorbing dye framework assume its ordered structure. The complex precipitating as plate-like fragments shows birefringence in polarized light. The parallel organization of fibrils can be observed with an electron microscope. The dye framework may be removed via reduction with sodium dithionite, leaving the aggregated protein molecules in the ordered state, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies.

Microstructure and Property of Wear-Resistant Coating Layer by High-Frequency Induction Cladding on Mild Steel Surface

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 773-776
Author(s):  
Li Yang ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Alloy Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Frequency Induction

In order to improve the wear resistance of mild steel products, the Fe-based alloy layer was melted on the surface of mild steel by high-frequency induction cladding. Using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction observation of microstructure of the alloy coating, wear resistance of the coating was evaluated. The results showed that: between the coating and the substrate is metallurgical bonded; The microstructure of coating layer was compact actinomorphous structure with plentiful nubby and strip eutectics; Actinomorphous structure was mixed structure of martensite and γ alloy solid solution covered with a large number floriform and dendrite eutectic; The coating has high hardness and good wear resistance.

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