From a Seed to a Need: the Growth of Shape Memory Applications in Europe.

1991 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ir. J. Van Humbeeck
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Place Promotion ◽  
Memory Applications ◽  
The Cost

AbstractA more systematic marketing research approach has finally revealed good ideas anticipating a market need for the use of shape memory alloys. The success of those new ideas, prototypes and applications are analysed in terms of “the value of the function”, defined as the importance of the function divided by the cost of providing the function. A high importance and/or a low cost of the function are thus the basic requirements for the successful introduction of shape memory applications. Attention is also paid to the way how the 4 P's, product, price, place, promotion (the marketing mix) are applied by the European companies. Those different items will be illustrated on the basis of some small-, medium- and largescale applications, used in different markets. “to the point research”, fundamental and applied, on material properties as well as on manufacturing (cost reduction) is being discussed as the key factor to increase the function value.

Concurrent Tolerance Design Based on Manufacturing Cost and Quality Loss

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4996-4999
Author(s):  
Zhang Rong
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Tolerance Design ◽  
Quality Loss ◽  
Product Loss ◽  
Parameterized Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Design And Manufacture

With the constraints on manufacturing capacity, the satisfaction of product performance and the cost of manufacture are contradictory, the problem between high-performance and low-cost must be solved at the period of design and manufacture for product. To solve this problem, the product loss model has been analyzed, the parameterized and non-parameterized model of anticipant losses has been researched, with concurrent design, in connection with the product with multiple correlated assembly functional dimensions, the relation function between quality loss and process dimension tolerance has been provided, the concurrent tolerance design mathematical model based on lowest-cost and quality loss has been established. The applied case shows that this method has important guiding significance for engineering application.

scholarly journals On the Development of a Low Cost Pyrheliometer

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gnos ◽  
Brenton Greska ◽  
Anjaneyulu Krothapalli
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
State University ◽  
Autonomous Operation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than

A low cost pyrheliometer, based on a thermoelectric sensor, was developed at the Energy and Sustainability Center at the Florida State University. In addition, an inexpensive double-axis tracking device, capable of autonomous operation, enables the pyrheliometer to operate as a stand-alone system. Widely available off-the-shelf components were used and compromises in accuracy and time responsiveness were made in order to keep the cost low. The obtained data was compared with an Eppley Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer (NIP) using model ST-1 solar tracker. Steady state values of irradiance were measured with an accuracy better than ±2%. Transient measurements are time delayed by a thermal lag of about 2 min, which leads to a high error for instantaneous measured values. However, the integrated irradiance over the course of any given day yields irradiation values with accuracy better than ±2%, even on days when the sun and clouds quickly alternate. Based on a manufacturing cost analysis, the prototype pyrheliometer system is anticipated to cost an order of magnitude less than commercially available products if mass-produced.

Development of Low-Cost Anode Material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Menzer ◽  
Grover Coors ◽  
Dustin Beeaff ◽  
Dan Storjohann
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Mole Percent ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Cost

Manufacturing cost remains one of the major issues facing the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) industry. In the anode supported SOFC design, the cermet anode constitutes around 90% of the total material required to build a cell, making the technology very sensitive to anode raw material price. A new patent-pending process called “nickel yttria reaction-sintered zirconia (NiYRSZ)” has been developed for manufacturing SOFC anodes at a fraction of the cost. Typically, the solid component of the anode consists of about 50/50 volume percent nickel and 8 mole percent yttria stabilized zirconia, the latter being a rather costly material. It was discovered that zirconia and yttria powders sintered in the presence of nickel oxide readily form the cubic phase at moderate temperature. Cells manufactured using this process show excellent microstructures for anode supports: a strong bond between the electrolyte and the anode, and a high porosity without addition of pore formers. The strength of the anode was 100 MPa making the material equivalent or slightly superior to an anode fabricated with the traditional NiO/8YSZ material of similar porosity. The resistivity of the material was measured at 850°C and found to be less than 2 mΩ·cm. Cell performance was also compared to cells manufactured with traditional material. Every indication is that SOFC anodes fabricated with this new method perform as well as anodes made with the conventional material set.

scholarly journals PEMASARAN MAKANAN LOKAL SEBAGAI PRODUK DAYA TARIK WISATA KULINER DI KAWASAN WISATA TANAH LOT

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Ni Made Suma Riyanti
Keyword(s):  
Local Food ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Place Promotion ◽  
To Come

<pre><em>Tanah Lot typical cuisine such as traditional snacks klepon, bendu, bubuhsumsum, pisang rai,Laklak, the star among lovers of traditional snacks. In addition, the existence of local dishes such as jukut ares, jukut urab, tipat cantok, satay Invert Selection, sea satay, pork roll, and betutu. Traditional foods have become a menu that is always looking for local and international tourists. The existence of local food in the area of Tanah Lot is contributing revenue for Tabanan. Local food marketing research in the area of Tanah Lot is done because there is still some complaints managers and tourists.</em></pre><pre><em>The existence of which is constantly increasing, bringing the number of tourist perception towards local food in Tanah Lot tourist attraction. Thus, in this study using questionnaires which are distributed randomly in each of the restaurants and eating houses and presenting results of the research will be described in the narrative, factual and actual. To obtain the results of the questionnaire using Likert scale calculations. Use of the theory of perception and the marketing mix theory is used to solve the problem of the perception of tourists and marketing.</em></pre><pre><em>Distribution of questionnaires were determined from four variables renewal of the marketing mix 4P product, price, place, promotion can be concluded that the perception of tourists satisfied with the variable product and price. That is because the product being offered is equivalent to the price given, covers the delicacy of food, food hygiene, procedures for serving food, the price of food, the service provided, and the comfort given all of that to get a good perception or satisfied for any traveler who enjoy and shop for food at four local restaurants place to do research. The next two variables that place and promotion to get unfavorable perception is bad. Perception is obtained because, according to travelers who fill out questionnaires place and promotion of local food is still very poor and need the extra attention. Such as the cleanliness of the place, the location, access to the dining area, where knowing the existence of the restaurant. A visit to the restaurant and the desire to re-visit the restaurant. This restaurant is not concerned with the promotion of their way to find a buyer, they just wait for buyers to come directly to them without doing any promotions that make tourists leave a bad perception in the variable promotion.</em></pre><pre><em>Conclusion of research is the local food very attracted tourists, but the manager is less noticed his place of business and the promotion of their premises. So travelers are less reach out and find out.</em></pre>

scholarly journals On the Development of a Low Cost Pyrheliometer

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gnos ◽  
Brenton Greska ◽  
Anjaneyulu Krothapalli
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Florida State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Autonomous Operation ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than

A low cost pyrheliometer, based on a thermoelectric sensor, was developed at the Energy and Sustainability Center at the Florida State University. In addition, an inexpensive double-axis tracking device, capable of autonomous operation, enables the pyrheliometer to operate as a stand-alone system. Widely available off-the-shelf components were used and compromises in accuracy and time responsiveness were made in order to keep the cost low. The obtained data was compared with an Eppley Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer (NIP) using model ST-1 solar tracker. Steady state values of irradiance were measured with an accuracy better than ±2%. Transient measurements are time delayed by a thermal lag of about two minutes, which leads to a high error for instantaneous measured values. However, the integrated irradiance over the course of any given day yields irradiation values with accuracy better than ±2%, even on days when the sun and clouds quickly alternate. Based on a manufacturing cost analysis, the prototype pyrheliometer is anticipated to cost less than $500 if mass-produced.

TCB Process Options to Achieve the Lowest Cost

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001277-001301
Author(s):  
Tom Strothmann
Keyword(s):  
Flip Chip ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
3D Assembly ◽  
Cost Calculations ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Memory Applications ◽  
The Cost

Thermocompression bonding enables the next generation fine pitch, 2.5D and 3D assembly technologies using Cu pillar interconnects, but to achieve widespread adoption the cost of TCB must become competitive with mass reflow processes. Stacked memory products drive the commercial volume today using TSV structures and TCB since it is the only technology able to achieve the desired stacked die construction and improved performance, but reducing the cost of assembly is still a key goal for those suppliers. In non-memory applications the choice of TCB can be driven by the bump pitch of the device or the requirement to control warpage of large die on laminate during assembly, but cost is still a key factor in the decision. The cost of a TCB process is largely driven by the UPH of the process where cost calculations are based on the cost per unit of material produced. As the UPH of a TCB process approaches 1400, the differential cost of the TCB process as compared to mass reflow becomes negligible. In the choice of a potential TCB process, special attention must be given to those processes that enable the highest UPH and the lowest cost. Processes used for TCB today can be grouped into two main categories; processes that use a pre-applied underfill and those that apply underfill after the bonding process. Underfills applied prior to bonding can be in the form of a non-conductive paste (TC-NCP) applied to a substrate or a non-conductive film applied to the wafer before dicing (TC-NCF). If underfill is applied after the bonding process, it is done as a Capillary Underfill (TC-CUF). In this case the die is underfilled in much the same way as in standard flip chip processes, but the process can be more challenging because of flux cleaning requirements and the narrower bondline of a typical TCB device. UPH is primarily driven by two factors; the range of temperature required by the bond head and the temperature ramp rate of the bond head. A process with less temperature range will have higher UPH and bond heads designed for the fastest cooling and heating rates will provide higher UPH processes. Two process options have been developed to minimize the temperature excursions required by the bond head and maximize the throughput. TC- NCF processes targeting stacked die and interposer products have been developed with throughputs approaching 2000 UPH. Substrate flux TC-CUF processes targeting assembly on laminate have been developed with throughputs that approach 2500 UPH. These two processes are expected to dominate TCB volume production moving forward as TCB enters mainstream production. This presentation will describe the methods used to achieve high throughput for both processes and the product application space appropriate for each one.

scholarly journals MARKETING MIX 7P DIBALIK SUKSESI KREATIF BISNIS KULINER BERTEMA ETNIK SEOUL PALACE SEMARANG (7P-Marketing Mix Behind The Creative Succession of Culinary Business with Ethnic Theme in Seoul Palace Semarang)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Heni Krisnatalia
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Restaurant Managers ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Place Promotion ◽  
Self Service ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine the effect of 7P-Marketing Mix Elements (Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical Evidence) on the "Seoul Palace" Semarang Restaurant to identify the concept of an ethnic-themed restaurant and to analyze it based on a study using a qualitative descriptive approach , carried out through observation, interview with restaurant managers, and documentation. Based on the research carried out on the concept of an ethnic-themed restaurant, it can be stated that there are 3 basic aspects supporting the restaurant's existence, including an atmosphere that is characterized by ethnicity, especially Korea in accordance with the theme it carries as an attraction to its visitors. The quality of the product is maintained with a variety of selected imported ingredients to produce the taste of ethnic dishes. Guidelines “first-come, first-served visitors always” puts first-arriving visitors first. Meanwhile, the results of the 7P marketing mix of products, in terms of product itself, its quality, brand, packaging, label, and type of product have been fully fulfilled, pricing is measured by the cost of competing products through cost-based pricing, with a variety of payment systems offered from the cost of competing products, strategic choice of place and supported by word of mouth promotion, publicity, to sales promotion with human resources (people) understanding the menu and cooking procedures for Korean food. The process (the process) offers open kitchen facilities and self-service cooking which is a series of physical evidence replete with supporting factors.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI MARKETING MIX DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN JUMLAH PESERTA DIDIK DI TK AL HUDA KOTA MALANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Azizah Nurul Fadlilah ◽  
Saidah Masfiah
Keyword(s):  
Group Learning ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Field Quality ◽  
Marketing Mix Strategy ◽  
Place Promotion ◽  
The Cost

This research aims to explain the implementation of marketing mix strategy in an effort to increase the number of students in Al Huda Kindergarten malang. This type of research belongs to qualitative research. Data is collected using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The data analysis step consists of data presentation, data reduction, and then drawing conclusions. The results showed that Al Huda Kindergarten successfully used a marketing mix strategy in an effort to increase the number of students. In this effort, the marketing mix strategy used in the form of 7P method, which consists of: product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, and process. The products offered by Al Huda Kindergarten are Islamic religious-based schools and care about the environment with a superior program of junk blessings. The cost stipulated adjusts the economic level of the surrounding residents. The location of the school is strategic. Promotional activities are conducted with print media, online, and into the field. Quality human resources and continuous efforts to develop. The physical evidence of Al Huda Kindergarten has good infrastructure and is constantly updated. While the learning process is carried out using a group learning model based on the angles of the activity.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR MINAT NASABAH MEMILIKI KARTU KREDIT BCA PADA PT. BANK CENTRAL ASIA CABANG MANGGA BESAR RAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2B) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Asna Manullang ◽  
Debih Arliana
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Place Promotion ◽  
Promotion Process

Tingkat pencapaian minat nasabah untuk memiliki kartu kredit BCA dipengaruhi oleh delapan kelompok variabel yang dikenal sebagai 8P yaitu Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Process, Physical evidence, People dan Produktivity and quality. Penelitian dilakukan di PT.Bank Central Asia, Jalan Mangga Besar Raya No. 128 Jakarta Pusat. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh faktor-faktor minat nasabah memiliki kartu kredit BCA. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 metoda yaitu metoda deskriptif yaitu mengembangkan produk dan jasa yang sudah ada dan analisa kuantitatif dibagi menjadi dua analisa yang pertama analisa uji validitas dan analisa uji reabilitas. Data yang dianalisa yaitu analisis faktorfaktor yang menjadi daya tarik konsumen untuk memiliki kartu kredit BCA dapat dihitung dan diteliti langsung, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 16.0. Responden telah mengisi 33 pertanyaan yang disebut dengan variabel dengan nilai skor dan dibagi berdasarkan kelompok sebagai faktornya. Hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan daya tarik konsumen untuk memiliki kartu kredit BCA ada 7 faktor utama. Faktor pertama Produk dengan nilai varians (11,74), faktor ke dua adalah Harga dengan nilai varians (10,73%), faktor ke tiga adalah Distribusi dengan nilai varians (8%), faktor ke empat adalah Promosi dengan nilai varians (7,77%), faktor ke lima adalah Proses dengan nilai varians (6,75%), faktor ke enam adalah Fisik dengan nilai varians (6,28%) dan faktor ke tujuh adalah Kualitas dengan nilai varians (5,76%). Faktor produk merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi konsumen untuk memiliki kartu kredit BCA. Faktor ini dapat menerangkan keragaman data (varians) sebesar 11,74%. Dari beberapa analisis yang diperoleh bahwa faktor produk sangat berpengaruhi positif terhadap keputusan konsumen dalam memiliki kartu kredit BCA karena konsumen menginginkan produk yang baik agar dapat mempermudah transaksi dimana saja dan kapan saja. Kata Kunci: BCA, kartu kredit, Keputusan Nasabah

Advance Protection for Three Phase Induction Motor using Microcontroller Atmega32

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Karan S Belsare ◽  
Gajanan D Patil
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Cost Factor ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Cost

A low cost and reliable protection scheme has been designed for a three phase induction motor against unbalance voltages, under voltage, over voltage, short circuit and overheating protection. Taking the cost factor into consideration the design has been proposed using microcontroller Atmega32, MOSFETs, relays, small CTs and PTs. However the sensitivity of the protection scheme has been not compromised. The design has been tested online in the laboratory for small motors and the same can be implemented for larger motors by replacing the i-v converters and relays of suitable ratings.

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