Influence of the Metal/Ceramic Interface Characteristics on Conductivity Measurements of Na-β" Alumina by Impedance Spectroscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schreiber ◽  
E. Butchereit ◽  
C. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Surface Analysis Techniques ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Interface Characteristics ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Standard Quality

AbstractThe quality of the metal/ceramic interface of solid ionically conducting materials is an important when undertaking impedance spectroscopy measurements. One major concern is the contact area between the metal and the ceramic. This work focussed on the treatment of the ceramic to the metal application by utilizing a standard quality Na-β" alumina. Next, a number of different metals were applied to the ceramic surface by different techniques, i.e. sputtering and evaporation, to serve as blocking electrodes in impedance spectroscopy measurements. The impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out at temperatures from 30 - 300°C over a frequency range from 1 to 5 ×105 Hertz. The results are discussed in terms of the various parameters of impedance plots. Surface analysis techniques were applied to investigate the metal/ceramic interface before and after impedance spectroscopy measurements.

Surface Spectroscopic Studies of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels before and after Annealing

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Graham ◽  
David M. Hercules
Keyword(s):  
Steel Surface ◽  
Vacuum Annealing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Surface Analysis Techniques ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Mn Concentration

Surface analyses of two high-strength low-alloy steels are reported before and after annealing. The surface analysis techniques used include ESCA, AES, and SIMS. The steel samples were hand polished and cleaned before annealing; the effects of cleaning have been investigated. Samples were annealed in flowing N2 or in vacuum at 650°C. Changes in the steel surface as the annealing time and atmosphere were changed are reported. Additionally, differences between surfaces of two steels having similar bulk compositions were investigated both before and after annealing. Cleaning high-strength low-alloy steels generally decreased carbon contamination on the surface without affecting the nature or surface concentrations of iron, oxygen, or manganese. Vacuum annealing the steel produces a steady state much faster than when the steel is nitrogen annealed; however, the composition of the steel surface after vacuum annealing is similar to the surface after annealing in flowing N2. Although the two steels investigated have similar bulk concentrations, type B steel has much higher Mn concentration on the surface than type A steel. The amount of Mn on the surface appears to affect the surface concentrations of Fe and O as the sample is annealed.

Effect of Composite Composition in Nanofiber for Degradation of Humic Acid Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 1162 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Siti Oryza Sativa ◽  
Muhammad Ali Zulfikar ◽  
Ervin Tri Suryandari ◽  
Muhammad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Artificial Uv

One of the basic needs for human is clean water. Many lowlands and marshy areas in larger islands in Indonesia such as Sumatra and Kalimantan are the source of peat water. This type of water is harmful for people living in such areas and it cannot be used directly for drinking and living. According to the standard quality of good water, peat water does not meet the requirements as a source of water for daily life. Peat water is acidic, red-brownish coloured, and it contains higher organic matters especially humic acid and its derivatives. Photocatalysis process is one of the promising way to treat solution that contains humic acid. This research aims to pre-eliminary study activity of PVDF-TiO2/ZnO nanofiber for degradation of humic acid solution. Photocatalytic activities were studied inside photoreactor system with artificial UV radiation with 254 nm wavelength. The percentage of degradation after contacting humic acid solution to photocatalyst was determined by measuring humic acid solution before and after degradation by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer with maximum lambda in 219 nm. The rate constants were calculated and the results were 0,03909 min-1 and 0.02832 min-1 respectively for PVDF-4%TiO2/ZnO and PVDF-8%TiO2/ZnOnanofibers and it is in pseudo first order kinetic model.

Study of the Interface/Bonding of Boron Nitride (BN) Nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 1767 ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel L. Morales-Cruz ◽  
Janet Hurst ◽  
Diana Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Boron Nitride Nanotubes ◽  
Aerospace Materials ◽  
Surface Analysis Techniques ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Thermally Conductive

ABSTRACTBoron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), an analogue of carbon nanotube (CNT) is one of the most used non-metallic materials in high technology applications related to thin film fabrications. Taking advantage of their unique properties such as electrically non-conductive, thermally conductive, and high hardness, it has been used in high-temperature electronic devices, multifunctional aerospace materials, and structures and electric and aerospace systems. The main goal of this project was to use BNNTs in the fabrication of nano epoxycomposites to enhance their thermal and mechanical properties to use it for applications in aerospace constituents. In order to accomplish this goal, BNNTs were functionalized with isopherone diisocyante (IPDC). Surface analysis techniques were employed to ensure the modification BNNTs and study the interface of the reinforced composites before and after the modification. Mechanical and thermal conductivity testing was performed in order to understand the quality of the composites. Three different nanocomposites were accomplished with hBN and BNNTs using two different epoxy polymers and three curing agents. The systems EPON 862/Curing Agent W/ (hBN or BNNTs) have Tgs and tan deltas higher compared with those fabricated at the same conditions without nanoparticles. The fabricated BN composites showed improved physical properties due to their particle dispersion and boron nitrite intermolecular interactions with the epoxy polymer.

Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Pelayanan Kelurahan Setelah Pemekaran Di Tangerang Selatan

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Pitri Yandri
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Service Personnel ◽  
Urban Services ◽  
Hospitality Workers ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cartesian Diagram ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study is (1) to analyze public perception on urban services before and after the expansion of the region, (2) analyze the level of people's satisfaction with urban services, and (3) analyze the determinants of the variables that determine what level of people's satisfaction urban services. This study concluded that first, after the expansion, the quality of urban services in South Tangerang City is better than before. Secondly, however, public satisfaction with the services only reached 48.53% (poor scale). Third, by using a Cartesian Diagram, the second priority that must be addressed are: (1) clarity of service personnel, (2) the discipline of service personnel, (3) responsibility for care workers; (4) the speed of service, (5) the ability of officers services, (6) obtain justice services, and (7) the courtesy and hospitality workers.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

Effect of new dietary supplement on sperm quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (45) ◽  
pp. 1787-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Horváth ◽  
Endre Czeizel
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Treatments

Introduction: There is a decline in male fertility thus new treatments are needed. Aims: To test the efficacy of a new dietary supplement developed in the USA and registered as a curing drug in Hungary (OGYI). Methods: In a clinical trial 100 men with low sperm quality (spermium count 5–20 M/ml, good motility 10–40%, and adverse shape 30–50%) were examined. Results: Sperm parameters were measured before and after a 3-month treatment and after another 3-month without treatment. This dietary supplement statistically and clinically significantly improved sperm count and motility. In 74 cases this dietary supplement demonstrated a beneficial effect on sperm quality (more than 10% increase in sperm count, or quality of motility, or shape); in 16 cases the improvement exceeded 30%. No adverse effect could be accounted for this treatment. Conclusions: This new dietary supplement may contribute to the treatment of male infertility. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1787–1792.

Quality of Life Before and After Endovascular and Open Repair of Asymptomatic AAAs: A Prospective Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Malina ◽  
Marie Nilsson ◽  
Jan Brunkwall ◽  
Krasnodar Ivancev ◽  
Timothy Resch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Open Repair ◽  
Before And After ◽  
A Prospective Study
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