Quasi-Ballistic Stable Electron Emission from Porous Silicon Cold Cathodes

1998 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Sheng ◽  
N. Koshida
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cold Electron ◽  
Cold Cathodes ◽  
Microelectronic Technology ◽  
Vacuum Microelectronic ◽  
Free Behavior ◽  
Electron Emitters

AbstractBased on the previously-reported porosity multilayer technique, cold electron emission properties of porous silicon (PS) electroluminescent diodes with a structure of Au/PS/n-type Si are further improved by introducing a graded-band multilayer structure. It is shown that electrons are quasiballisticly emitted from PS diodes owing to a significantly reduced electron scattering in PS layer. As a result, the emission current shows a fluctuation-free behavior. These observations are very important for both understanding the electron transport in PS and developing high performance electron emitters in application to vacuum microelectronic technology.

DETECTION OF INERT GASES BY COLD ELECTRON EMISSION FROM CARBON NANOTUBE EMITTERS

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 1207-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEONGJEEN KIM
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Dark Current ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Cold Electron ◽  
Electron Emitters

In this work, different from the typical gas sensors responding by gas adsorption on their surface, a new gas sensor using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electron emitters is introduced for detecting inert gases which hardly possess chemical or electrical adsorption in normal conditions. The proposed sensor works by figuring out the variation of the dark current and the initial breakdown voltage on Paschen's law under applied high voltage. As they depend on the gas composition and the pressure in a sealed chamber, it is possible to detect the identity and the concentration of unknown inert gas species.

Electron Emission From Diamond Films

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Zhirnov ◽  
J.J. Hren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Emission ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Cold Cathodes ◽  
Vacuum Microelectronics ◽  
Emission Threshold ◽  
Field Emission Cathodes ◽  
New Generation

Diamond always has been considered an exciting material. In addition to its other outstanding properties, diamond's capacity for cold electron emission has become a “hot” topic of research in recent years. The electron emission from diamond films is important for both fundamental and applied purposes, which may be expressed by two questions as follows: “Why does diamond emit electrons?” and “How can an efficient cold cathode be made?”The “diamond-emission era” started in 1991. That year three papers were published, reporting unexpectedly high electron emissivity from diamond. The first paper by Djubua and Chubun was very practical, having been written by device engineers. They tried different materials for the fabrication of pointed field emission cathodes and found that emitters made from diamondlike carbon (DLC) demonstrated a lower emission threshold compared to other materials. A second paper by Wang et al. reported a low emission threshold for chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) diamond films, whereas a third paper by Geis et al. described the fabrication and operation of diamond cold cathodes.Since 1991 hundreds of papers about electron emission from diamond and diamondlike materials have been published. The motivations for this increasing activity are prospective applications in vacuum microelectronics—that is, vacuum emission devices fabricated by modern microelectronic technologies. Experts expect that combining the physical advantages of emission devices and the technological progress in solid-state microelectronics will result in the development of an entirely new generation of high-performance electronic devices—among them, flat-panel displays and miniature microwave tubes.

Photon, Electron and Utlrasonic Emission from Nanocrystalline Porous Silicon Devices

2002 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Koshida ◽  
B. Gelloz ◽  
A. Kojima ◽  
T. Migita ◽  
Y. Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Nanocrystalline Silicon ◽  
Cold Electron ◽  
Flat Panel Display ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Cold Cathodes ◽  
Silicon Devices ◽  
Technological Potential

ABSTRACTFor quantum-sized nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si), various optical and electronic effects have been clarified in addition to a significant band gap widening. As typical examples of these induced effects, some emission properties of nanocrystalline porous silicon (PS) are described in this paper including the present status of application studies. The first one is electroluminescence (EL) of PS diodes. It is shown that following a drastic improvement in the external quantum and power efficiencies, stability has been significantly enhanced by the formation of covalent termination nc-Si surfaces. Next topic is the cold electron emission from PS diodes. When the nanostructure of the PS drift layer is appropriately controlled, injected electrons are accelerated ballistically toward the outer surface and emitted via tunneling through a thin-film top electrode perpendicular to the device surface as energetic electrons. As an efficient surface-emitting electron source, there are many advantages in this emitter over the conventional cold cathodes. The applicability of this emitter to either vacuum-type or solid-state flat-panel display is demonstrated. Finally, the usefulness of a PS device as a thermally induced ultrasonic emitter is presented on a basis of its fundamental characterizations. Technological potential of this emitter for functional acoustic devices is also discussed.

Carbon Nanotubes as Potential Cold Cathodes for Vacuum Microelectronic Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Cold Cathodes ◽  
Electron Field ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
Vacuum Microelectronic ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Nanotube Films

ABSTRACTMaterials science is playing a dramatic role in discovering new materials with tailored physical properties. Cold cathodes/field emitters are one of the examples. Electron field emitting materials are of vital importance for a variety of vacuum microelectronic devices including field emission displays for flat panel displays, electron microscopes, X-ray generators, and vacuum lamps. This is the driving force to investigate the advanced nanostructured carbons as cold cathodes as one of the potential candidates. Recently, they are also being proposed for thermionic power generators. The rationale is that reducing one or more dimensions of a system below some critical length changes the systems' physical properties, where carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the class of carbon nanostructures serve as a model example. In this paper, synthesis and characterization of vertically aligned multiwall and single-/double-wall carbon nanotube films using a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique for vacuum microelectronics is presented. Recent advances in their synthesis, processing, and characterization indicate that the above mentioned potential is slowly being realized. Experiments showed that by continuous reduction in the thickness of the catalyst film produces hollow concentric tubes in contrast to bamboo-like multiwalled tubes with larger thickness. To assess the electron field emission properties, besides the traditional field emission (I-V) properties, temperature dependent field electron emission microscopy (T-FEEM) enabling real-time imaging of electron emission providing information on emission site density, temporal variation of the emission intensity, and insight into the role of adsorbates from nanotube films will be discussed. Physics based models (such as negative or low electron affinity, geometric enhancement, surface dipole, tunneling due to adsorbates, structure modification due to doping etc.) will be described to support the experimental observations in addition to weak thermionic field emission contribution. These findings provided a great insight into the field emission mechanism and a contrasting comparison between small and large diameter carbon nanotubes.

Cold Electron Emission from Electroluminescent Porous Silicon Diodes

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (Part 2, No. 6A) ◽  
pp. L705-L707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyoshi Koshida ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ozaki ◽  
Xia Sheng ◽  
Hideki Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Cold Electron

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotube Electron Sources: From Electron Beams to Energy Conversion and Optophononics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Nojeh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Thermionic Emission ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Field Emitters ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Electron Emitters

Carbon nanotubes have a host of properties that make them excellent candidates for electron emitters. A significant amount of research has been conducted on nanotube-based field-emitters over the past two decades, and they have been investigated for devices ranging from flat-panel displays to vacuum tubes and electron microscopes. Other electron emission mechanisms from carbon nanotubes, such as photoemission, secondary emission, and thermionic emission, have also been studied, although to a lesser degree than field-emission. This paper presents an overview of the topic, with emphasis on these less-explored mechanisms, although field-emission is also discussed. We will see that not only is electron emission from nanotubes promising for electron-source applications, but also its study could reveal unusual phenomena and open the door to new devices that are not directly related to electron beams.

Carbon-coated porous silicon composites as high performance Li-ion battery anode materials: can the production process be cheaper and greener?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Ren ◽  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Zailei Zhang ◽  
Qiangqiang Tan ◽  
Ziyi Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Solvothermal Reaction ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Silicon Carbon ◽  
Excellent Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Li Ion

Porous silicon/carbon composites prepared by the solvothermal reaction show excellent electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries.

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