Open Site Tests on Corrosion of Carbon Steel:Containers for Radioactive Waste Forms

1999 ◽  
Vol 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Barlnov ◽  
M. I. Ojovan ◽  
N. V. Ojovan ◽  
I. V. Startceva ◽  
G. N. Chujkova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Waste Forms

AbstractTesting of waste containers under open field conditions is a component part of the research program that is being carried out at SIA “Radon”for more than 20 years to understand the long-term behaviour of radioactive waste forms and waste packages. This paper presents the preliminary results of these ongoing studies. We used a typical NPP operational waste, containing 137Cs, 134Cs, and 60Co as the dominant radioactive constituents. Bituminized and vitrified waste samples with 30–50 wt.% waste loading were prepared. Combined effects of climatic factors on corrosion behaviour of carbon steel containers were estimated using gravimetric and chemical analyses. The observations suggest that uniform corrosion of containers prevails under open field conditions. The upper limits for the lifetime of containers were derived from calculations based on the model of atmospheric steel corrosion. Estimated lifetime values range from 300 to 600 years for carbon steel containers with the wall thickness of 2 mm containing vitrified waste, and from 450 to 500 years for containers with the wall thickness of 2.5 mm that were used for bituminized waste. However, following the most conservative method, pitting corrosion may cause container integrity failure after 60 to 90 years of exposure.

Development of Mathematical Models for Long-Term Prediction of Corrosion Behaviour of Carbon Steel Overpacks for Radioactive Waste Disposal

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hoch ◽  
A. Honda ◽  
F. M. Porter ◽  
S. M. Sharland ◽  
N. Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Cathodic Reaction ◽  
Term Prediction ◽  
Long Term Prediction

ABSTRACTMathematical models to enable long-term prediction of the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel overpacks for radioactive waste have been developed. An existing model of the growth of pits, implemented in the CAMLE software, has been extended and used to investigate the sensitivity of the predictions to input parameters, including cathodic reaction kinetics and the relative position of the anode and cathode. Predictions have also been made of the aeration period of the repository, during which localised corrosion is possible.

Corrosion Considerations Related to Carbon Steel Radioactive Waste Packages Exposed to Cementitious Materials

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (63-64) ◽  
pp. 4193-4199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Kursten ◽  
Frank Druyts ◽  
Nick R. Smart ◽  
Digby D. Macdonald ◽  
Robert Gens
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
The Status ◽  
Corrosion Pitting ◽  
High Level ◽  
Passive Oxide Film

ABSTRACTThe Supercontainer is the reference concept for the post-conditioning of vitrified high-level radioactive waste and spent fuel in Belgium. It consists of a prefabricated concrete buffer that completely surrounds a carbon steel overpack. In this highly alkaline environment (pH ∼ 13.6) and under normal conditions (i.e. without the ingress of aggressive species), the carbon steel overpack will be protected by a passive oxide film, which is believed to result in very low uniform corrosion rates.This paper gives an overview of the status of the uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking behaviour of carbon steel expected during the waste disposal period.

A Modelling and Experimental Study for Long-Term Prediction of Localised Corrosion in Carbon Steel Overpacks for High-Level Radioactive Waste.

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hoch ◽  
A. Honda ◽  
H. Ishikawa ◽  
F. Porter ◽  
S. Sharland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
High Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Corrosion Pits ◽  
High Level

AbstractThis paper describes a joint modelling and experimental study for investigation of pit growth in carbon steel High-Level Radioactive Waste overpacks under consideration in Japan. A mathematical model of the growth of corrosion pits in metals has been developed. This model is implemented in the computer program CAMLE, and includes representation of the chemical, electrochemical and migration processes that control pit-growth rates. Experiments to provide key input data for the model are described, in addition to experiments to measure ‘short-term’ pit growth. Predictions from the model are compared with these data. Overall, the comparisons are encouraging and the model shows good potential as a tool for assessment of the long-term corrosion behaviour of overpacks under repository conditions. Future developments of the model to improve agreement are discussed.

Corrosion behaviour of X65 carbon steel under the intermittent oil/water wetting: A synergic effect of flow velocity and alternate immersion period

2021 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 109507
Author(s):  
Wen Long Ma ◽  
Han Xiang Wang ◽  
Richard Barker ◽  
Nikil Kapur ◽  
Yong Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Synergic Effect ◽  
Water Wetting ◽  
Immersion Period ◽  
Oil Water

scholarly journals Formation of Iron Sulfides on Carbon Steel in a Specific Cement Grout Designed for Radioactive Waste Repository and Associated Corrosion Mechanisms

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3563
Author(s):  
Mathieu Robineau ◽  
Valérie Deydier ◽  
Didier Crusset ◽  
Alexandre Bellefleur ◽  
Delphine Neff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Corrosion Product ◽  
Product Layer ◽  
Cement Grout ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
A Minor

Carbon steel coupons were buried in a specific low-pH cement grout designed for radioactive waste disposal and left 6 months in anoxic conditions at 80 °C. The corrosion product layers were analyzed by µ-Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. They proved to be mainly composed of iron sulfides, with magnetite as a minor phase, mixed with components of the grout. Average corrosion rates were estimated by weight loss measurements between 3 and 6 µm yr−1. Corrosion profiles revealed local degradations with a depth up to 10 µm. It is assumed that the heterogeneity of the corrosion product layer, mainly composed of conductive compounds (FeS, Fe3S4, and Fe3O4), promotes the persistence of corrosion cells that may lead to locally aggravated degradations of the metal. New cement grouts, characterized by a slightly higher pH and a lower sulfide concentration, should then be designed for the considered application.

scholarly journals Application of Bio-Friendly Formulations of Chitinase-Producing Streptomyces cellulosae Actino 48 for Controlling Peanut Soil-Borne Diseases Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Gaber Abo-Zaid ◽  
Ahmed Abdelkhalek ◽  
Saleh Matar ◽  
Mai Darwish ◽  
Muhammad Abdel-Gayed
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Cell Pellet

Of ten actinobacterial isolates, Streptomyces cellulosae Actino 48 exhibited the strongest suppression of Sclerotium rolfsii mycelium growth and the highest chitinase enzyme production (49.2 U L−1 min−1). The interaction between Actino 48 and S. rolfsii was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), which revealed many abnormalities, malformations, and injuries of the hypha, with large loss of S. rolfsii mycelia density and mass. Three talc-based formulations with culture broth, cell-free supernatant, and cell pellet suspension of chitinase-producing Actino 48 were characterized using SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a particle size analyzer. All formulations were evaluated as biocontrol agents for reducing damping-off, root rot, and pods rot diseases of peanut caused by S. rolfsii under greenhouse and open-field conditions. The talc-based culture broth formulation was the most effective soil treatment, which decreased the percentage of peanut diseases under greenhouse and open-field conditions during two successive seasons. The culture broth formulation showed the highest increase in the dry weight of peanut shoots, root systems, and yielded pods. The transcriptional levels of three defense-related genes (PR-1, PR-3, and POD) were elevated in the culture broth formulation treatment compared with other formulations. Subsequently, the bio-friendly talc-based culture broth formulation of chitinase-producing Actino 48 could potentially be used as a biocontrol agent for controlling peanut soil-borne diseases caused by S. rolfsii.

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