Interconnection Trends and Impact on Materials

1986 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Knausenberger ◽  
M. R. Pinnel
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Performance

AbstractRapid technological advances in electronic systems technologies are placing increasingly severe demands on interconnection media. One primary driving force is the evolutionary advance in the scale of integration in silicon with its inherent cost and performance advantages. A second key driving force is the revolutionary development of photonics which is rapidly integrating into most levels of the interconnection heirarchy. The performance of large scale electronic systems will be increasingly dominated and limited by their interconnection environment. To sustain the present rate of growth in the performance of future systems, new technology directions in interconnection will be necessary.This paper will explore the traditional levels of interconnection from IC chip packages to the frame level. It will be shown how the various levels of interconnection interrelate and how all levels must be improved simultaneously to achieve the full performance and cost benefits offered by device advances and photonics. The first major step in this evolution is well underway with the rapid transition to surface mounting of devices. This places new demands on materials and assembly technologies which will be discussed. However, the demands of this first step may eventually appear to be minor compared to those yet to come if current trends continue. Several scenarios for this future will be considered and related to the challenges placed on interconnection technology hardware and materials in terms of performance characteristics such as density, speed and heat dissipation.

Silicon-Based Microphotonics and Integrated Optoelectronics

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Fitzgerald ◽  
L.C. Kimerling
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

The need for integrated optical interconnects in electronic systems is derivedfrom the cost and performance of electronic systems. If we examine the cost of all interconnects, it becomes apparent that there is an exponential growth in cost per interconnect with the length of the interconnect. A remarkable feature of interconnect cost is that the exponential relation holds over all length scales—from the shortest interconnects on a chip to the longest interconnects in global telecommunications networks. Longer interconnects are drastically more expensive, and these costs are ultimately related to the labor cost associated with each interconnect. Given this economic pressure, it is not surprising that there is a driving force to condense more functions locally on the same chip, board, or system. In condensing these functions, the number of long interconnects are decreased and the overall cost of the electronic system decreases dramatically. A specific glaring example of this driving force is Si complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, especially the case of microprocessors. In the Si microprocessor case, the flood gates to interconnect condensation were opened and the miraculous trend of lower cost for exponentially increasing performance was revealed.

Optimal Sensor Placement Methods in Active High Power Density Electronic Systems With Experimental Validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya R. T. Peddada ◽  
Pamela J. Tannous ◽  
Andrew G. Alleyne ◽  
James T. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Lumped Parameter

Abstract Increasing the efficiency and density of power electronic systems (PESs) is an important objective for many high-impact applications, such as electric vehicle charging and aircraft electrification. Due to compactness and high heat dissipation, careful thermal monitoring of such PESs is required. Strategic placement of temperature sensors can improve the accuracy of real-time temperature distribution estimates. Enhanced temperature estimation supports increased power throughput and density because PESs can be operated in a less conservative manner while still preventing thermal failure. This article presents new methods for temperature sensor placement for 2- and 3-dimensional PESs that (1) improve computational efficiency (by orders of magnitude in at least one case), (2) support the use of more accurate evaluation metrics, and (3) are scalable to high-dimension sensor placement problems. These methods are tested via sensor placement studies based on a single-phase flying capacitor multi-level (FCML) prototype inverter. Information-based metrics are derived from a resistance-capacitance (RC) lumped parameter thermal model. Other more general metrics and system models are possible through the application of a new continuous relaxation strategy introduced here for placement representation. A new linear programming (LP) formulation is presented that is compatible with a particular type of information-based metric. This LP strategy is demonstrated to support an efficient solution of finely discretized large-scale placement problems. The optimal sensor locations obtained from these methods were tested via physical experiments. The new methods and results presented here may aid the development of thermally aware PESs with significantly enhanced capabilities.

scholarly journals HR Challenges in Big Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Pala SuriyaKala ◽  
Ravi Aditya
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Talent Acquisition

Human resources is traditionally an area subject to measured changes but with Big data, data analytics, Human capital Management, Talent acquisition and performance metrics as new trends, there is bound to be a sea change in this function. This paper is conceptual and tries to introspect and outline the challenges that HRM faces in Big Data. Big Data is as one knows the world of enormous generation which is revolutionizing the world with data sets at exabytes. This has been the driving force behind how governments, companies and functions will come to perform in the decades to come. The immense amount of information if properly utilized can lead to efficiency in various fields like never before. But to do this the cloud of suspicion, fear and uncertainty regarding the use of Big Data has to be removed from those who can use it to the benefit of their respective areas of application.HR traditionally has never been very data centric in the analysis of its decisions unlike marketing, finance, etc.

The Tesla Revolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rembrandt Koppelaar ◽  
Willem Middelkoop
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
To Come ◽  
Scale Transformations

Though oil prices have been on a downward trajectory in recent months, that doesn't obscure the fact that fossil fuels are finite, and we will eventually have to grapple with the end of their dominance. At the same time, however, skepticism about the alternatives remains: we've never quite achieved the promised 'too cheap to meter' power of the future, be it nuclear, solar, or wind. And hydrogen and bio-based fuels are thus far a disappointment. So what does the future of energy look like? The Tesla Revolution has the answers. In clear, unsensational style, Willem Middelkoop and Rembrandt Koppelaar offer a layman's tour of the energy landscape, now and to come. They show how rapid technological advances in batteries and solar technologies are already driving large-scale transformations in power supply, while economic and geopolitical changes, combined with a growing political awareness that there are alternatives to fossil fuels will combine in the coming years to bring an energy revolution ever closer. Within in our lifetimes, the authors argue, we will see changes that will reshape economics, the balance of political power, and even the most mundane aspects of our daily lives. Determinedly forward-looking and optimistic, though never straying from hard facts, The Tesla Revolution paints a striking picture of our global energy future.

Chlorinated reclaimed rubber: preparation, structure and performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutian Yao ◽  
Qiusheng Song ◽  
Xiansu Cheng ◽  
Yonghai Song ◽  
Ben Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
New Technology ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Recycled Rubber ◽  
And Performance

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chlorination on the structure and properties of reclaimed rubber and to discuss the feasibility of a novel method to chlorinate reclaimed rubber.Design/methodology/approachA series of chlorinated reclaimed rubber with different chlorination degrees (CD) was prepared by suspension chlorination in aqueous phase (SCAP). Their structure and performance were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric and mechanical property test.FindingsThe chemistry structure, mechanical performance and heat resistance of CRR is affected greatly by its CD.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough in the present work only chlorination of reclaimed rubber is researched, but this method can be used to modify other recycled rubber.Practical implicationsSCAP is a useful method to produce CRR, and it is feasible for production of chlorinated recycled rubber in large scale. The present work provides a new strategy to fabricate new materials based on recycled rubber.Social implicationsChlorination of reclaimed rubber by SCAP is useful to convert waste rubber into new materials, and it is useful to decrease environment pollution.Originality/valueSCAP method provides a new technology to chlorinate waste rubber with many merits, such as chlorination rate of RR is accelerated and the reaction can be controlled or adjusted easily. Moreover, conversion of chlorine is increased remarkably.

scholarly journals Large-scale music compositions and novel technology innovations – Summarizing the process of Voices of Umeå, an artistic research project

HumaNetten ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Anders Lind
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Music Notation ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Performance Practices ◽  
Participatory Art ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Artistic Research

Voices of Umeå was a three-year interdisciplinary artistic research project initiated in 2012 by the author. The main aim with the project was to explore new artistic possibilities for composition and performance practices within the field of contemporary art music. More specifically, artistic possibilities, which arises when non-professional performers regardless musical backgrounds enables to participate in the composition and performance processes. The idea was to develop and explore new pedagogical methods to involve non-professional performers by using new technology and combining knowledge from the fields of artistic and educational practices. Different aspects of participatory art were embraced in the artistic processes aiming towards three compositions, including two concerts and one exhibition. An action research model in three steps –planning, action and analysis of results inspired the methodology, where the analysis and experiences of each cycle within the project were affecting the further cycles of the project.This article reports from selected parts of the process of the project and contributes with new knowledge to the fields of animated music notation and participatory art.

Applications of blockchain in healthcare (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav C
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Audit Trails

UNSTRUCTURED The word blockchain elicits thoughts of cryptocurrency much of the time, which does disservice to this disruptive new technology. Agreed, bitcoin launched in 2011 was the first large scale implementation of blockchain technology. Also, Bitcoin’s success has triggered the establishment of nearly 1000 new cryptocurrencies. This again lead to the delusion that the only application of blockchain technology is for the creation of cryptocurrency. However, the blockchain technology is capable of a lot more than just cryptocurrency creation and may support such things as transactions that require personal identification, peer review, elections and other types of democratic decision-making and audit trails. Blockchain exists with real world implementations beyond cryptocurrencies and these solutions deliver powerful benefits to healthcare organizations, bankers, retailers and consumers among others. One of the areas where blockchain technology can be used effectively is healthcare industry. Proper application of this technology in healthcare will not only save billions of money but also will contribute to the growth in research. This review paper briefly defines blockchain and deals in detail the applications of blockchain in various areas particularly in healthcare industry.

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