Nanoelectromechanics of Piezoresponse Force Microscopy: Contact Properties, Fields Below the Surface and Polarization Switching

2003 ◽  
Vol 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Kalinin ◽  
Junsoo Shin ◽  
M. Kachanov ◽  
E. Karapetian ◽  
A. P. Baddorf
Keyword(s):  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Point Charge ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy ◽  
Polarization Switching ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Force Magnitude ◽  
Resolution Limits

ABSTRACTTo achieve quantitative interpretation of Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM), including resolution limits, tip bias- and strain-induced phenomena and spectroscopy, knowledge of elastic and electrostatic field distributions below the tip is required. The exact closed form solution of the coupled electroelastic problem for piezoelectric indentation is derived and used to obtain the tip-induced electric field and strain distribution in the ferroelectric material. This establishes a complete continuum mechanics description of the PFM imaging mechanism. These solutions are reduced to the point charge/force behavior for large separations from contact, and the applicability limits and charge/force magnitude for these models are established. The implications of these results for ferroelectric polarization switching processes are analyzed.

Surface displacements and surface charges on Ba2CuWO6 and Ba2Cu0.5Zn0.5WO6 ceramics induced by local electric fields investigated with scanning-probe microscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Ralf-Peter Herber ◽  
Gerold A. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
Relaxor Ferroelectrics ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Surface Displacements

Ba2CuWO6 (BCW) was first synthesized in the mid 1960s, and it was predicted to be a ferroelectric material with a very high Curie temperature of 1200 °C [N. Venevtsev and A.G. Kapyshev: New ferroelectrics. Proc. Int. Meet. Ferroelectr.1, 261 (1966)]. Since then, crystallographic studies were performed on the compound with the result that its crystal structure is centrosymmetric. Thus for principal reason, BCW cannot be ferroelectric. That obvious contradiction was examined in this study. Disk-shaped ceramic samples of BCW and Ba2Cu0.5Zn0.5WO6 (BCZW) were prepared. Because of the low electrical resistivity of the ceramics, it was not possible to perform a typical polariszation hysteresis loop for characterization of ferroelectric properties. Scanning electron microscopy investigations strongly suggest that the reason for the conductivity is found in the impurities/precipitations within the microstructure of the samples. With atomic force microscopy (AFM) in piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) mode, it is possible to characterize local piezoelectricity by imaging the ferroelectric domains. Neither BCW nor BCZW showed any domain structure. Nevertheless, when local electric fields were applied to the surfaces of the ceramics topographic displacements, imaged with AFM, and surface charges, imaged with Kelvin probe force microscopy (KFM) and PFM, were measured and remained stable on the surface for the time of the experiment. Therefore BCW and BCZW are considered to be electrets and possibly relaxor ferroelectrics.

Measuring Strain Distribution During Mesoscopic Domain Reorientation in a Ferroelectric Material

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Park ◽  
S. S. Park ◽  
G. P. Carman ◽  
H. T. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Polarization Switching ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Moire Interferometry ◽  
Microcrack Initiation ◽  
Shear Strains ◽  
Domain Reorientation

In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study focused on understanding the strain concentrations arising due to nonlinear phenomena associated with polarization switching. A moire interferometry technique is used to measure the normal and shear strains of a PZT-5H piezoceramic undergoing 180 and 90 deg switching. These results include the strain concentrations measured between polarized regions oriented 180 and 90 deg apart. The results show that very large strain mismatches (e.g., as large as 4500 microstrains) occur along the boundary of dissimilar oriented domains, suggesting a source of microcrack initiation and fatigue degradation.

Structure and Nanoscale Polarization Switching Induced by High Frequency Alternating Current in PbTiO3 Polycrystalline Films

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4395-4398
Author(s):  
Hui Fen Guo ◽  
Shu Xia Guo
Keyword(s):  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy ◽  
Polarization Switching ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Individual Grains

PbTiO3(PTO) films were successfully fabricated by sol-gel method. We studied the structure and the nanoscale polarization switching property using XRD and Piezoresponse Force Microscopy. The results reveal that the PTO films are single perovskite phase grain films with tetragonal structure, and are polycrystalline materials with no evidence of preferential orientation. The average grain size is about 150nm and a striped multi-domain structure is exhibited in individual grains. Under 15 kHz alternating current of PFM, a significant asymmetry of switching pattern was observed. We suggest that the cooperative action of the built-in electric field at the bottom interface and the PFM ac-voltage lead to the asymmetry switching.

Nonlinear Multi-Mode Dynamics of a Microbeam for Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy in Ultra-High Vacuum

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wu ◽  
S. Pragai ◽  
O. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Atomic Interaction ◽  
Internal Resonances ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Multi Mode

We study the nonlinear multi-mode dynamics of a microbeam for noncontact atomic force microscopy in ultra-high vacuum. A boundary-value problem that includes a coupled linear thermo- and viscoelastic field with a localized nonlinear atomic interaction force, augmented by the linearized heat equation, is reduced to a modal dynamical system via Galerkin’s method. An equivalent linear thermoelastic quality factor is obtained and compared with a closed form solution. A numerically obtained escape curve defines valid operating parameters for low damping conditions. Primary, secondary and coupled internal resonances of a three-mode system are examined to reveal a rich bifurcation structure.

scholarly journals Dynamic Viscoelastic Effects on Sound Wave Diffraction by Spherical and Cylindrical Shells Submerged in and Filled with Viscous Compressible Fluids

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 339-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed M. Hasheminejad ◽  
Naemeh Safari
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Scattering Problem ◽  
Acoustic Scattering ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Directivity Pattern ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Sound Scattering ◽  
Force Magnitude ◽  
Viscoelastic Effects

An analysis for sound scattering by fluid-filled spherical and cylindrical viscoelastic shells immersed in viscous fluids is outlined. The dynamic viscoelastic properties of the scatterer and the viscosity of the surrounding and core fluids are rigorously taken into account in the solution of the acoustic scattering problem. The novel features of Havriliak-Negami model for viscoelastic material dynamic behaviour description along with the appropriate wave-harmonic field expansions and the pertinent boundary conditions are employed to develop a closed-form solution in form of infinite series. Subsequently, the associated acoustic field quantities such as the scattered far-field pressure directivity pattern, form function amplitude, transmitted intensity ratio, and acoustic force magnitude are evaluated for given sets of medium physical properties. Numerical results clearly indicate that in addition to the traditional fluid viscosity-related mechanisms, the dynamic viscoelastic properties of the shell material as well as its thickness can be of major significance in sound scattering. Limiting cases are examined and fair agreements with well-known solutions are established.

The effective point charge of probe tip in piezoresponse force microscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (15) ◽  
pp. 154106 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Ming ◽  
R. K. Zhu ◽  
K. Pan ◽  
Y. Y. Liu ◽  
C. H. Lei
Keyword(s):  
Point Charge ◽  
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy

scholarly journals Studying the Polarization Switching in Polycrystalline BiFeO3 Films by 2D Piezoresponse Force Microscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaming Jin ◽  
Xiaomei Lu ◽  
Junting Zhang ◽  
Yi Kan ◽  
Huifeng Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy ◽  
Polarization Switching ◽  
Force Microscopy

scholarly journals Piezoelectricity in hafnia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Dutta ◽  
Pratyush Buragohain ◽  
Sebastjan Glinsek ◽  
Claudia Richter ◽  
Hugo Aramberri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy ◽  
Perovskite Oxides ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Epitaxial Strain

AbstractBecause of its compatibility with semiconductor-based technologies, hafnia (HfO2) is today’s most promising ferroelectric material for applications in electronics. Yet, knowledge on the ferroic and electromechanical response properties of this all-important compound is still lacking. Interestingly, HfO2 has recently been predicted to display a negative longitudinal piezoelectric effect, which sets it apart from classic ferroelectrics (e.g., perovskite oxides like PbTiO3) and is reminiscent of the behavior of some organic compounds. The present work corroborates this behavior, by first-principles calculations and an experimental investigation of HfO2 thin films using piezoresponse force microscopy. Further, the simulations show how the chemical coordination of the active oxygen atoms is responsible for the negative longitudinal piezoelectric effect. Building on these insights, it is predicted that, by controlling the environment of such active oxygens (e.g., by means of an epitaxial strain), it is possible to change the sign of the piezoelectric response of the material.

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