scholarly journals Syariah Courts in Malaysia and the Development of Islamic Jurisprudence: The Study of Istihsan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafiz Jamaludin ◽  
Ahmad Hidayat Buang
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Law

Malaysia is among the countries, which have very close relations with Shafi'i madhhab in term of Islamic Law. This can be seen from the provisions of Syariah Law in Malaysia where the opinion of the Shafi'i madhhab is preferred than other madhhabs. However, the current situations and issues cause that the other opinions from the other madhhabs are also used and practiced in order to provide the best solutions. This is also true in respect on the use of sources of Islamic law, such as Istihsan, Istislah and Qawl Sahabi, which are rejected by the Shafi'i madhhab. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the development of Islamic law, particularly in the application of the concept of Istihsan in the Syariah Courts in Malaysia. This study has examined a number of cases reported in the Jurnal Hukum issued by the Syariah Judiciary Department of Malaysia (JKSM). The result of this study found that in several cases, the judges have applied indirectly the concept of Istihsan in their judgment. It is also found that it is actually the provisions of the law that allows the Shariah judges to indirectly apply this concept.

scholarly journals The Will for Heirs: A Juristic Analytical Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh Studies
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Majority Opinion ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Needy

This research aims to study the topic of “The Will for Heirs: A Juristic Analytical Study.” It deals with the definitions of will or testament and heirs from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence. It discusses the views of jurists regarding the ruling of will for heirs by discussing proofs of jurists on this issue in the light of Islamic law of inheritance. This research discovers that the Muslim jurists differed on the law of will for heirs according to three schools of thought: according to Shī’ah Imāmiyyah and some supporters of Zaydiyyah, the will for heirs is permissible in one-third whether approved by the other heirs or not. This view differs from the majority of jurists who invalidate the will for heirs except by the permission of the other heirs because their permission is like a forfeiture of their right. Others, such as Ẓāhiriyyah, opposed the implementation of will for heirs. They argued that the will, will cause dissatisfaction in other heirs or inheritors. On the other hand, the will for heirs is useful and beneficial for some of the needy heirs. The researchers rely on the inductive and analytical methods. One of the important findings of this research is that, relying on the majority opinion of jurists, the law of will for heirs is valid only with the permission of the rest of the heirs after the death of the testator; this is the best opinion based on the strength of the evidence and their keenness on the unity of the heirs of the deceased.

scholarly journals Analysis of Wakaf and Maqashid Syari'ah Law on the Development of Wakaf Property in Lhokseumawe City

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Yasir Nasution ◽  
Alyasa’ Abubakar ◽  
Kafrawi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Law ◽  
Research Show

The development of waqf assets in the form of adding the function of waqf is a new phenomenon in the problems of Islamic law jurisprudence even in positive law in Indonesia. In national law (positive), Indonesia has regulated this issue with the existence of laws and government regulations regarding waqf both movable and immovable waqf assets, even in its development every property in waqf must have an Deed and / or certificate. Whereas in Islamic jurisprudence, the development of waqf assets in the form of additional functions is one of the problems that can be said to be new, it needs legal conclusions and even has to be seen from various theoretical concepts such as maqashidu sharia. Therefore this research will examine the issue of developing waqf assets based on the Waqf Law and maqashid syari'ah. This research is an empirical legal research using a sociological legal approach, with data collection through documentation and interviews. The results of the research show that the development of waqf assets is permitted according to the law, but with the stipulated conditions, besides that the development of waqf assets is also permissible in Islamic jurisprudence as long as it is solely for reasons in accordance with the concept of maqasidu syari'ah and the point is to seek maslahat.  

scholarly journals REKONSTRUKSI IJTIHĀD DALAM ILMU UṢŪL AL-FIQH

Al-Ahkam ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Rokhmadi Rokhmadi
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Way

<p>Al-Qur’an and Sunnah, needs of understanding and extracting optimally, so that the contents of law can be applied for the benefit of people. The way- to understand and to extract the contents in these two sources- called <em>ijtihād</em>. Thus, <em>ijtihād</em> is needed on <em>istinbāṭ</em> of law from many arguments of the texts (<em>naṣ</em>), eventhough it is <em>qaṭ’ī</em> in which the uṣūliyyūn have agreed that it is not the area for re-extracting to the law (<em>ijtihādiyyah</em>). The problem in this case is that even a <em>qaṭ’ī</em> argument according to the most of uṣūliyyūn has not been <em>qaṭ’ī</em> argument in the other <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> opinion. Reconstruction of <em>ijtihād</em> becomes an alternative, with some considerations: <em>First</em>, weight and tightening the requirements to become a mujtahid, which is almost impossible controlled by someone at the present time; <em>Second</em>, the increasing complexity of the problems faced by the ummat which is very urgent to get the solution; <em>Third</em>, let the period without <em>ijtihād</em> (vacuum of mujtahid) is contrary to the basic principles of Islamic law are always <em>sāliḥ li kulli</em> <em>zamān wa makān</em>. This paper present to discuss further about the urgency of the reconstruction of <em>ijtihād</em> in the challenge of modernity.</p><p>***</p><p>Al-Qur<ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">’</ins>an maupun <ins cite="mailto:hasan" datetime="2015-02-17T11:11">s</ins>unnah sangat membutuhkan pemahaman dan penggalian secara optimal agar isi kandungan hukumnya dapat diterapkan bagi kemaslahatan umat. Cara untuk menggali dan mengeluarkan isi kandungan yang ada dalam kedua sumber tersebut dinamakan <em>ijtihād</em>. <em>Ijtihād</em> sangat dibutuhkan pada setiap <em>isti<ins cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30">n</ins><del cite="mailto:muthohar" datetime="2015-01-29T05:30"></del>bāṭ </em>hukum dari dalil <em>naṣ</em>, sekalipun dalil <em>naṣ</em> tersebut bersifat <em>qaṭ'ī</em> yang oleh para <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> sudah di­sepakati tidak menjadi wilayah untuk dijitihadi lagi. Permasalahannya adalah bahwa sesuatu dalil <em>naṣ</em> yang sudah bersifat <em>qaṭ'ī</em> sekalipun oleh sebagian besar <em>uṣūliyyūn</em>, belum tentu dipandang <em>qaṭ'ī</em> oleh sebagian <em>uṣūliyyūn</em> yang lain. Rekonstruksi <em>ijtihād</em> menjadi se­buah alternatif, dengan beberapa pertimbangan: <em>Pertama</em>, berat dan ketatnya persyaratan-persyaratan menjadi seorang mujtahid, yang hampir tidak mungkin di­kuasai oleh seseorang pada masa sekarang; <em>Kedua</em>, semakin kompleksnya per­masalah­an yang dihadapi oleh ummat yang sangat mendesak untuk mendapatkan solusi; <em>Ketiga</em>, membiarkan satu periode tanpa <em>ijtihād</em> (kevakuman mujtahid) adalah bertentangan dengan prinsip dasar hukum Islam yang selalu <em>sāliḥ li kulli zamān wa makān. </em>Tulisan ini hadir untuk mendiskusikan lebih jauh tentang urgensi rekonstruksi <em>ijtihād</em> dalam menghadapi tantangan modernitas.</p><p>***</p><p>Keywords: <em>ijtihād</em><em>, qaṭ'ī, ẓannī</em><em>, uṣūl al-fiqh</em></p>

scholarly journals ARABIC: تغيير الفتوى بمقتضيات الزمان والمكان

rahatulquloob ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Dr. Abdul Wadood Abed ◽  
Dr. Hedayatullah Modaqiq
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The One

Islamic law, by having features in its principles that are fixed and variable, expresses its authority in any situation and time. Of course, this feature reflects the unique legislative miracle of Islam itself. The source of Islamic law is divine and heavenly, so it has always descended directly through the revelation of Allah Almighty, the Lord of the worlds, and has been arranged according to His wisdom and providence and has been considered in the context of time and place according to their nature and needs. Changing of a fatwa is the change of one rule in a specific issue to another one along with a Sharia cause that agrees with the aims and purposes of the Sharia. Therefore, there is no change in the prescribed rules and the fixed principles of Shari, but Ijtihad, Qiyas and expedient rules can be changed; Because there are many rulings that have been permitted for expediency, after the passage of time and the change of place have led to corruption, which again has become impermissible. The rule of fatwa changing has been valid in the Sharia; Because, on the one hand, the Companions and their followers have used it in their ijtihad fatwas, and on the other hand, Islamic jurisprudence is a developmental debate that progresses together with the caravan of life, no awareness of the demands of time, place and scientific development is synonymous with depriving the Islamic Ummah from virtues and facilities of life, so it is necessary that the change of the fatwa has to be compatible to the change of expediencies, otherwise it will lead to corruption and harm. Statement of the problem: The Islamic jurists have divided the Islamic rules into fixed and variable. This means that the prescribed laws, which are in harmony with meek nature, do not accept changes but the rules which are based on ijtihad can be changed. The discussion of changing the fatwa and its temporal and spatial factors is one of the important issues of jurisprudence that scholars have paid attention to and therefore the answer to these two questions is necessary for the researcher whether changing the fatwa is permissible? Are the requirements of time and place effective in its changing?

scholarly journals UNIVERSALITAS DAN LOKALITAS HUKUM ISLAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-91
Author(s):  
A. Malthuf Siroj
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mutual Attraction ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
The Law

Islamic law has two dimensions at once, namely universality and locality. In contemporary Islamic legal thought, there are two trends that contain mutual attraction between the two to bring dimension of locality to the dimension of universality on one side, and vice versa on the other side. As a consequence, there will be two possibilities, absoluteness or relativization of Islamic law. The legal discourse increasingly gains its own intensity in recently in line with the development of science and the use of various approaches in the study of Islamic law. Islamic law that is universally used is called syari`ah. This syariah law is rules of Allah SWT that is produced from texts with qath’î quality either from the side of the existency or the meanings without human beings rasional (ra’y) intervention because those texts are not the object of Ijtihad. Meanwhile, local Islamic Law is called fiqh. It is the law which is produced from texts with zhannî quality and becomes an object of Ijtihad. Because Fiqh is the result of Ijtihad so that it is usual when there are many madzhabs on it. Therefore, this paper will put this issue in proportion to find common ground between the two trends of contemporary Islamic legal thought. So that, it will hopefully clear up us the limits of universality and locality dimension of Islamic law, a focus of this legal discourse.

scholarly journals PERKAWINAN ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR (Sebuah Kajian Perspektif Hukum Islâm Vis-a-Vis Hukum Positif di Indonesia)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-309
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Law ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Security

Abstrak: Perkawinan merupakan suatu ikatan yang melahirkan keluarga sebagai salah satu unsur dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara, yang diatur oleh aturan hukum, baik hukum Islâm maupun hukum positif (negara). Untuk dapat mewujudkan tujuan perkawinan, hukum negara, yakni Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 menentukan batas umur minimal untuk melangsungkan perkawinan, yakni usia 19 tahun untuk pria dan usia 16 tahun bagi wanita. Sedangkan hukum Islâm tidak menentukan secara kongkrit batas minimal usia perkawinan. Meghadapi dualisme hukum ini, negara seharusnya mengambil langkah tegas. Jika negara sudah melarang perkawinan di bawah umur,  maka konsekuensinya segala hukum yang bertentangan dengannya harus ditiadakan, sehingga terjadi kepastian hukum.   Abstract: Marriage is the bond of family that becomes one of the elements of social and state life. It is regulated in both Islamic and state laws. To concretize the marriage purpose, state law apllies the constitution of Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 that decides minimal age limit of marriage---19 years old for male citizens and 16 years old for the female ones. On the other hand, the Islamic law do not explicitly declare this. State must take a firm action to face this dualism, it must forbid non-state regulation that is in contradiction against state law including the law that allows the marriage beyond the age limit. It is about to guarantee the legal security or rule of law.   Kata-kata Kunci: Hukum Islâm, perkawinan di bawah umur, hukum negara, dan negara.

scholarly journals URGENSI TARJÎH DALAM ISTINBÂTH HUKUM ISLAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-127
Author(s):  
Ainol Yaqin
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bright Spot ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dead End ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Law

Tarjîh  is a method tool of istinbâth in Islamic law. The method is formulated by ulama’ ushul to find a bright spot to set Islamic law among the opposite theorems. The existence of the method is very important in choosing strong/pure al-Qur’an texts and Hadits from some of the other Hadits related to the law problems. Therefore, the ulama’ ushul fiqh al-Hanafiyyah, al-Mâlikiyyah, al-Syâfi’iyyah, al-Hanâbilah dan al-Zhâhiriyyah construct steps to take to solve the dead end in ijtihad when they face some contradictory theorems. Al-Hanafiyyah takes four ways to deal with two or more contradictory al-Qur’an texts and Hadits. First, al-naskh (to clear, to cancel), second, al-tarjîh (to strengthen, to favor), third, al-jam’ wa al-tawfiq (to combine, to compromise) and the last is tasâquth al-dalilayn (to break and move to another theorems). While, methods used to deal with the contradictory theorems by al-Mâlikiyyah, al-Syâfî’iyyah, al-Hanâbilah dan al-Zhâhiriyyah is first, al-jam’ wa al-tawfiq bayn al muta’aridlayn bi wajh maqbul (collect and compromise the contradictory theorems from one side), second, al-tarjîh, the third, al-naskh and the last is tasâquth al-dalilayn. Tarjîh can be done by considering some sides, those are, a. Sanad side (The chain of Hadits reader), b. Matan side (Hadits text), c. Law contained in the law side (text or Hadits) and d. translation from other theorems.

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN IBNU KHALDUN TERHADAP FILSAFAT HUKUM ISLAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Similarity Law

Abstract: the greatest contribution of Ibn Khaldun to the Philosophy of Islamic Law is his sociology theory. This theory was based on three fundamental laws: first, his stand on the law of cause and effect in social reality, second, the similarity law of social phenomena that are applied in general but not absolute, third, the law of the difference and speciality of social phenomena that are constantly changing and varied in different space and time. These three basic laws became the basic epistemological assumptions in highlighting legal differences due to the difference in space and time. On the other hand, Ibn Khaldun's theory became the basis of the legal application of social engineering, later popularized as social engineering by Roscoe Pound. Abstrak: Konstribusi terbesar Ibn Khaldūn terhadap Filsafat Hukum Islam adalah teorinya tentang sosiologi yang dilandaskan pada tiga hukum dasar. Pertama, pendirian Ibn Khaldūn tentang adanya hukum sebab akibat dalam realitas sosial. Kedua, hukum keserupaan fenomena sosial yang berlaku umum akan tetapi tidak mutlak. Ketiga, hukum perbedaan dan kekhususan fenomena sosial yang terus berubah dan berbeda oleh perbedaan ruang dan waktu. Ketiga hukum dasar di atas menjadi asumsi dasar epistemologis dalam menyorot perbedaan hukum akibat perbedaan ruang dan waktu. Di sisi lain, teori Ibn Khaldūn menjadi dasar keberlakuan hukum sebagai alat rekayasa sosial, yang kemudian dipopulerkan dengan social engineering oleh Roscoe Pound. Kata kunci: Filsafat Hukum Islam, Social Engineering

scholarly journals Imprisonment of the Debtor in the Jordanian Implementation Law in Comparison to Islamic Jurisprudence and International Covenants: حبس المدين في قانون التنفيذ الأردني مقارناً بالفقه الإسلامي والمواثيق الدولية

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hamed Mohamed Al- Amayrah
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Civil And Political Rights ◽  
International Conventions

  The study deals with the provisions of the debtor's imprisonment in the Jordanian This study deals with the provisions of imprisonment of the debtor in the Jordanian Execution Law No. 25 of 2017 and its amendments, in comparison to the Islamic jurisprudence and international covenants. The main problem is the extent to which the debtor may be imprisoned in the Jordanian Execution Law compared to Islamic jurisprudence and international covenants. Analytical approach as it fits in with this study and its nature by interpreting the texts and legal articles in the Jordanian implementation law, Islamic jurisprudence and international conventions and analyzing them in order to deduce the legal and jurisprudential purpose. Hence, the researcher took the approach of comparing the texts R and theories between the Jordanian law and Islamic jurisprudence with international covenants'. At the end of the study, the researcher found that imprisonment has been used in modern terms since it was analyzed by the scholars of Islamic law until it reached the legislative texts in the jurisprudential magazine, which is based on the Jordanian law, as a result of the positive achievements that contributed to the preservation of the rights of individuals (creditors). And that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights only provided for debts arising from contractual relations only, without the other sources of obligation addressed by domestic laws and Islamic jurisprudence. The researcher reached a number of conclusions and recommendations. The most important of these results was that the imprisonment of the debtor is an act of compulsion and pressure rather than an end to imprisonment as a punishment, aimed at restricting the debtor to fulfill his obligations to the creditor. Freedoms The legislator has put in place a legal regulation concerning the imprisonment of the debtor surrounded by a number of provisions to prevent abuse by the creditor in order to collect the creditor's money from the debtor. One of the most important recommendations reached by the researcher, The researcher hopes relevant international organizations and organizations to better understand the subject of the debtor's imprisonment, understanding the purpose, objectives and manner of the debtor, and understanding the principle that this detention was initiated after balancing the rights of the financial creditor and the rights of the debtor.  

scholarly journals KONSEP MASLAHAT MENURUT IMAM MĀLIK

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikhsan ◽  
Azwar Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Sociological Approaches

This study aims to analyze: imam Mālik's position in the Islamic jurisprudence map; the concept of maslahat in the perspective of Imam Mālik; and the influence of Imam Mālik's maslahat view in the Islamic world. This research is qualitative descriptive research, using library research and analyzed with historical and sociological approaches. The results of the study found that: first, Imam Mālik bin Anas was one of the imams of the four sects (mazhab) who exerted great influence in Muslims with his ability as a mujtahid and had an independent methodology in conducting the ijtihad; second, one of the most important foundations of Imam Mālik's ijtihad is maslahat. In this case, he actually had similarities with the other ultimate scholars of the four sects. Māliki sect, namely that maslahat -especially maslahat mursalah- is a stand-alone proposition; third, Imam Mālik's assertiveness in positioning maslahat as one of the independent evidences in his ijtihad methodology has stimulated the fiqh researchers to study further explore this so that imam Mālik's fiqh sect can survive to this day and successfully produce phenomenal scientific works that affirm the existence of maslahat as one of the footholds of Islamic law.

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