scholarly journals ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEOLYTIC BACTERIA TO IMPROVE PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY OF FISH FEED INGREDIENTSISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEOLYTIC BACTERIA TO IMPROVE PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY OF FISH FEED INGREDIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Muyasari Mulyasari ◽  
Mas Tri Djoko Sunarno ◽  
Lusi Herawati Suryaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Protease Activity ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
Shrimp Head

Protease is one of the potential enzymes used to improve the quality of local raw materials as fish feedstuff. The aim of this research was to find high protease activity-bacteria isolates in improving protein digestibility of fish feedstuff. Isolation was conducted on various growth substrates such as water and sediment of hot springs, mangrove sediment, and shrimp head waste. The parameters used in the selection and characterization of potential proteolytic bacteria were qualitative and quantitative tests of proteolytic activity. Microbes that have the highest enzyme activity were then selected and characterized based on their growth curve, production time of protease, and determination of optimum condition (temperature and pH) of protease activity. The result showed that there are only 18 isolates from 44 isolates positively had protease activity (qualitatively). Three isolates with the highest activity (RGL1.1, PL1.1, and PL1.2) qualitatively and quantitatively were then selected to be tested for their pathogenecity on tilapia. The results showed that only RGL1.1 was not pathogenic and therefore, potentially used as a protease producer candidate. The characterization of RGL1.1 isolates showed that the exponential phase of RGL1.1 was thirty-sixth hour in line with the optimum activity of enzyme production. The optimum pH and temperature of RGL1.1 isolate were 6 and 50°C, respectively. RGL1.1 isolate is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria that has 99.53% of resemblance to Bacillus cereus.

scholarly journals ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEOLYTIC BACTERIA TO IMPROVE PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY OF FISH FEED INGREDIENTSISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEOLYTIC BACTERIA TO IMPROVE PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY OF FISH FEED INGREDIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muyasari Mulyasari ◽  
Mas Tri Djoko Sunarno ◽  
Lusi Herawati Suryaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Protease Activity ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
Shrimp Head

Protease is one of the potential enzymes used to improve the quality of local raw materials as fish feedstuff. The aim of this research was to find high protease activity-bacteria isolates in improving protein digestibility of fish feedstuff. Isolation was conducted on various growth substrates such as water and sediment of hot springs, mangrove sediment, and shrimp head waste. The parameters used in the selection and characterization of potential proteolytic bacteria were qualitative and quantitative tests of proteolytic activity. Microbes that have the highest enzyme activity were then selected and characterized based on their growth curve, production time of protease, and determination of optimum condition (temperature and pH) of protease activity. The result showed that there are only 18 isolates from 44 isolates positively had protease activity (qualitatively). Three isolates with the highest activity (RGL1.1, PL1.1, and PL1.2) qualitatively and quantitatively were then selected to be tested for their pathogenecity on tilapia. The results showed that only RGL1.1 was not pathogenic and therefore, potentially used as a protease producer candidate. The characterization of RGL1.1 isolates showed that the exponential phase of RGL1.1 was thirty-sixth hour in line with the optimum activity of enzyme production. The optimum pH and temperature of RGL1.1 isolate were 6 and 50°C, respectively. RGL1.1 isolate is a Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria that has 99.53% of resemblance to Bacillus cereus.

scholarly journals THE FORMULATION OF DRY CURCUMA (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) EXTRACT MICROCAPSULES BY SPRAY WET MICROENCAPSULATION TECHNIQUES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Samran Samran ◽  
Dalimunthe Dalimunthe ◽  
Dalimunthe Dalimunthe ◽  
Dalimunthe Dalimunthe
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

 Objective: Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. was used as hereditary medicinal plant for prevention of liver dysfunction, gastrointestinal disease, fever, and hemorrhoid. Curcuma extract was easy to damage because the light exposure, change of pH, weather and a long period of storage time. The problem can be solved by coating the extract with spray wet microencapsulation (SWM) technique. SWM technique is a method of preparing microcapsules in which a solution, suspension, or emulsion with a charged matrix is sprayed into opposing solution. The aim of this research was to formulate the dry Curcuma extract with SWM technique using sodium alginate as matrix.Methods: Brown algae (Sargassum ilicifolium) was a main resource of alginate acid. It was isolated using HCl 5% to make alginate acid and sodium alginate that was obtained by adding Na2CO3 5% to alginate acid solution. The microencapsulation process of Curcuma extract was done by SWM technique. The formula of Curcuma extract microencapsulation was design into three formulas: F1, F2, and F3. Microcapsules of Curcuma extract were being characterized for color intensity, analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM), compressibility index, flowing time, and determination of angle repose.Results: The results showed that the higher concentration of sodium alginate used, the dry Curcuma extract microcapsules produced better. Particle size of extract microcapsules of Curcuma extract microcapsules SEM from F1, F2, F3 was 20 μm whereas dry weight of extracted microcapsule of Curcuma grows with increasing concentration of sodium alginate: F1 (0.2%) 19.86±0.11 g, F2 (0.4%) 20.66±0.73, F3 (0.6%) 21.29±0.64. The flowing time of F1, F2, and F3 was 6.92±0.56, 7.42±0.50, and 8.05±0.54 s consecutively.Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the study result, it can be concluded that the raw materials of Curcuma extract can be made by SWM technique using sodium alginate isolated from brown algae, and the characterization of dry Curcuma extract microcapsule of the three formulas met the requirements of the pre-formulation tests for capsule dosage form.

scholarly journals The Use of SEM and Other Complimentary Techniques for the Determination of Properties of Cementitious Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 00 (8) ◽  
pp. 4-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Draper ◽  
Jan Skalny
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Cost Effect

The need for continued rehabilitation of our concrete infrastructure has lead to the adaptation of modern “state-of-the-art” analytical methods for the characterization of concrete and other cementitious materials. Some of these techniques have not, until relatively recently, been commonly associated with the evaluation of concrete but are very useful both as tools for quality assurance and in the determination of the extent of existing damage. The technique of interest here is the coordinated electron-optical microscopic evaluation of concrete.Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Contrary to popular belief, concrete is not inert but chemically very complex and dynamic. While it is true that, pound for pound, concrete and its raw materials (cement, aggregate and water} are the most inexpensive building materials available for construction, it is also true that it responds to its environment in numerous and sometimes very subtle ways. These responses may sometimes result in a loss of durability and tremendous amounts of time and money being expended while searching for the cause(s) of the problem and providing a cost-effect solution A quick survey of any large metropolitan area and the on-going construction repairs to highways and bridge decks there will quickly confirm this.

scholarly journals Quantifying Mineral Liberation – A Conventional and New Automatic Sophisticated Techniques Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf TOMANEC ◽  
Marina BLAGOJEV
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Free Surfaces ◽  
Concentration Process ◽  
Mineral Liberation ◽  
Planimetric Measurements

The characterization of textural properties of minerals is closely related to the process of their respective liberation. Measurements ofmineral liberation, related to grinded ore, can be performed using optical ore microscope, by conventional, classical methods – pointcounting, linear intercepts method or planimetric measurements method (2D). Modern automatic devices and sophisticated measurement techniques (QEMSCAN/MLA) imply recording free surfaces area of mineral grains on polished sections samples in orderto determine mineral degree of liberation. Value of mineral liberation obtained over free surfaces area can be of interest to flotationconcentration, although not for gravity separation or, for example, magnetic separation. The prediction accuracy for behavior of onefeed ore during the concentration process depends on the method of measuring/recording mineral liberation. Considering raw materials with complex textural characteristics it is crucial which method will be applied for determination of mineral liberation respectingwhether for concentration process is crucial physical or chemical method.

scholarly journals An Integrated Analytical Approach to Define the Compositional and Textural Features of Mortars Used in the Underwater Archaeological Site of Castrum Novum (Santa Marinella, Rome, Italy)

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Randazzo ◽  
Michela Ricca ◽  
Silvestro Ruffolo ◽  
Marco Aquino ◽  
Barbara Davidde Petriaggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Underwater Environment ◽  
Complementary Techniques

This paper aims to carry out an archaeometric characterization of mortar samples taken from an underwater environment. The fishpond of the archaeological site of Castrum Novum (Santa Marinella, Rome, Italy) was chosen as a pilot site for experimentation. The masonry structures reached the maximum thickness at the apex of the fishpond (4.70 m) and consisted of a concrete conglomerate composed of slightly rough stones of medium size bound with non-hydraulic mortar. After sampling, for a complete characterization of selected mortar fragments, different and complementary techniques (stereomicroscopy, polarizing optical microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction analysis) were carried out in order to: a) define the minero-petrographic features; and b) investigate their state of conservation. The obtained data allowed the determination of the main constituents of mortars from a compositional point of view. The raw materials, in fact, were quite homogeneous, as well as the ratio in which they were mixed, confirming the typical "recipe" used in Roman times to manufacture hydraulic-type mortars by adding pozzolana. At the same time, it was possible to identify the various degradation processes we were interested in, namely, biological colonization (bio-fouling) that develops differently according to environmental conditions. Based on characterization phase results, the research will help to develop adequate techniques for intervention (innovative tools and methods for the protection of underwater cultural heritage) with particular regard to cleaning and consolidating procedures to be carried out directly in situ.

scholarly journals The Use of SEM and Other Complimentary Techniques for the Determination of Properties of Cementitious Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 00 (8) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Eric A. Draper ◽  
Jan Skalny
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Cost Effect

The need for continued rehabilitation of our concrete infrastructure has lead to the adaptation of modern “state-of-the-art” analytical methods for the characterization of concrete and other cementitious materials. Some of these techniques have not, until relatively recently, been commonly associated with the evaluation of concrete but are very useful both as tools for quality assurance and in the determination of the extent of existing damage. The technique of interest here is the coordinated electron-optical microscopic evaluation of concrete.Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Contrary to popular belief, concrete is not inert but chemically very complex and dynamic. While it is true that, pound far pound, concrete and its raw materials (cement, aggregate and water) are the most inexpensive building materials available for construction, it is also true that it responds to its environment in numerous and sometimes very subtle ways. These responses may sometimes result in a loss of durability and tremendous amounts of time and money being expended while searching far the cause(s) of the problem and providing a cost-effect solution. A quick survey of any large metropolitan area and the on-going construction repairs to highways and bridge decks there will quickly confirm this.

scholarly journals Catalytic Activity of Zr4+/ZA on The Isomerization Reaction of α-Pinene and It’s Reusability Test

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Nico Aditya Wijaya ◽  
Nanik Wijayati ◽  
Edy Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Isomerization Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Main Component

Production of turpentine oil from pine resin until December 2014<sup>th</sup> was reported to reaching 17.150 tones with the wide of pine forest is 876.992,66 acres. The main component of turpentine oil is α-pinena which isomer products have high value for industrial raw materials. Effects concentration of impregnation and reusability test a best catalyst on α-pinene isomerization reaction using catalysts Zr<sup>4+</sup>/natural zeolite in which modificated with different Zr<sup>4+</sup> concentration were analyzed. Characterization of catalyst included <em>X-ray Fluoroscent </em>for detection of Zr concentration in natural zeolites, <em>Surface Area Analyzer </em> for determine catalyst porosity using BET method, and determination of acidity using vapor ammonia and pyridine base adsorption gravimetric method. Isomerization process used a batch reactor with variation in the concentrations of Zr<sup>4+</sup> impregnations 10, 15, and 20 w/w as well as reusability test used best catalyst. The highest conversion of α-pinene  used Zr<sup>4+</sup>/ZA 10% catalyst was 3,89% so as Zr<sup>4+</sup>/ZA 10% catalyst is best catalyst than other catalysts whereas highest conversion of α-pinene used Zr<sup>4+</sup>/ZA 10% regeneration catalyst was 4,26%. The product is produced from isomerization reaction of α-pinene used Zr<sup>4+</sup>/ZA all variations catalysts was camphene and limonene.

scholarly journals FLUORESCÊNCIA DE RAIOS X POR DISPERSÃO DE ENERGIA APLICADA À CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE TIJOLOS DE SÍTIOS HISTÓRICOS DE PERNAMBUCO

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Helen Jamil Khoury ◽  
Roberto Araújo ◽  
Sandra De Brito Barreto ◽  
Viviane Khoury Asfora
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
Non Destructive

No presente trabalho são 1 apresentados os resultados de estudos por fluorescência de raios X de tijolos brasileiros. Neste estudo foram avaliados 22 tijolos, sendo sete de Igarassu, dois do Forte do Brum e 13 de Olinda. Um equipamento portátil de fluorescência de raios X por dispersão de energia foi desenvolvido para este estudo. Análises por difração de raios X também foram efetuadas para determinar as fases cristalinas presentes nos tijolos. Os resultados mostraram a existência de fases minerais, como quartzo, em todos os tijolos avaliados. A Análise da Componente Principal foi aplicada aos dados dos espectros de fluorescência de raios X obtidos. Os resultados mostraram que a partir do gráfico de scores das componentes principais CP1 e CP3, respectivamente representadas pelo Fe e Ca, foi possível separar os tijolos de Igarassu e do Forte do Brum em cinco grupos, que estavam associados com o século de fabricação. Por sua vez, os tijolos de Olinda foram separados em dois grupos, sendo um formado por um único tijolo e o outro grupo pelos demais tijolos. Estes resultados sugerem que os tijolos foram produzidos com diferentes matérias primas ou em diferentes locais. ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE APPLIED TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF BRICKS OF PERNAMBUCO HISTORICAL SITESABSTRACTThis work presents the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of Brazilian bricks, collected from several historical sites of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. In this study, twenty two bricks were analyzed; seven from Igarassu, two from Forte do Brum in Recife, and thirteen from Olinda. A portable X-ray fluorescence system was assembled and used for the qualitative determination of the chemical elements present in the samples. X-ray diffraction analysis was also carried out to determine the crystal mineral phases in the bricks. All the bricks studied showed several minerals, such as quartz A Principle Component Analysis was applied to the full X-ray fluorescence spectra. In the score plot of principal components PC1 and PC3, represented by Fe and Ca respectively, it can be seen that the results for the bricks from Igarassu and Forte do Brum may be grouped in five clusters corresponding to the bricks´ century and manufacture locations. The analysis of the Olinda bricks yielded two separate groups, one with a single brick and the second group with the other eleven bricks. These results suggest that the bricks were produced with different raw-materials or manufactured in different locations.KEYWORDS: non-destructive analysis; X-ray fluorescence; cultural heritage; bricks; X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Gelatinase-Producing Bacteria from Mangrove Sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Awaludin Prihanto ◽  
Hidayatun Muyasyaroh ◽  
Abdul Aziz Jaziri ◽  
Nada Itorul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Mangrove Sediments ◽  
Gelatinase Activity ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
Enterobacter Hormaechei ◽  
Important Enzyme

Protease is an important enzyme widely produced by microorganisms applied in food, health, and industry. Mangrove ecosystem, a rich microorganism habitat, accounted as a new resource for isolating the proteolytic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to identify protease-producing bacteria from mangrove ecosystems in the Tuban area, Indonesia. Three isolates that produced the gelatinase was successfully isolated from mangrove sediments. Bacterial isolates were then tested for extracellular gelatinase. The results showed that isolate T1 had high gelatinase activity. Two isolates (isolates T2 and T3) produced moderately gelatinase enzymes. Molecular identification revealed that isolate T1 is Enterobacter hormaechei.

Characterization of an immobilized digestive enzyme system for determination of protein digestibility

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Porter ◽  
Harold E. Swaisgood ◽  
George L. Catignani
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme System ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Protein Digestibility
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document