scholarly journals KURVA PENAWARAN DAN PERMINTAAN PRODUK PERIKANAN TANGKAP PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN DI PROPINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Yesi Dewita Sari ◽  
Maulana Firdaus ◽  
Hakim Miftakhul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Supply Curve ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Inland Fisheries ◽  
Fishery Product ◽  
Production Policy ◽  
Exploitation Rate ◽  
Economical Parameter

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keseimbangan kurva penawaran dan permintaan produk perikanan tangkap perairan umum daratan di Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2007 sampai dengan 2008. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Pendugaan kurva penawaran menggunakan parameter biologi, parameter ekonomi, sedangkan pendugaan kurva permintaan menggunakan metode regresi dari beberapa variabel yang berpengaruh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemanfaatan sumber daya perikanan perairan umum daratan pada kondisi MSY ditinjau dari sisi jumlah produksi adalah 85,55% dan 82,32% jika ditinjau dari jumlah effort. Kurva penawaran berbalik kebelakang pada jumlah produksi 44.004 ton dengan tingkat harga Rp. 2.350 per kg. Perpotongan kurva penawaran dan permintaan terjadi pada tingkat harga Rp. 5.200 per kg dan jumlah produksi 32.597 ton. Perpotongan atau keseimbangan ini terjadi pada kurva penawaran setelah berbalik ke belakang. Peningkatan produksi secara terus menerus akan menyebabkan sumberdaya perikanan perairan umum tidak lestari. Implikasi kebijakan yang dapat disarankan adalah diperlukannya kebijakan pengelolaan dengan meningkatkan produksi ikan dari usaha budidaya. Tittle: Supply and Demand Curve of The Inland Fishery Product in Sumatera South ProvinceThis reseach aimed to know equilibrium of supply and demand of both curve inland fisheries resource in South Sumatera. Biological and economical parameter are used to estimated a supply curve, and regression method is used to estimate demand curve. Result showed that exploitation rate of inland fisheries resource at MSY are 85.55% of harvest and 82,32% of effort. Backward bending supply curve happened at 44,004 ton of harvest and Rp. 2,350 of price per kg. Supply and demand equilibrium happened at Rp. 5,200 of price per kg and 32,597 ton of harvest. This equilibrium happened at backward bending of supply curve. A continuing increase in production will level to unsustainable fishery production. Policy implycation could be addressed is the need for the management authority to increase fish production from aquaculture.

scholarly journals Market Model with Positive Demand Curve Overthrows Marxist and Keynesian Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Alqi Naqellari
Keyword(s):  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Supply Curve ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Keynesian Model ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators

In this paper is analyzed the demand and supply side from the perspective of Marxist theory. The supply and demand side is both analyzed with their respective characteristics in capitalism, socialism and in a mixed economy. The possibilities of a macroeconomic equilibrium by considering the following concepts such as commodity, value, price, profit are analyzed. The aim of this paper is: to develop through a non-exhaustive analysis, the common features and differences between macroeconomic models of the aggregate market in the two systems, to build the aggregate market of a macroeconomic model by taking into account these characteristics and to emphasize its importance for the economy. In conclusion, differences between concepts related to macroeconomic equilibrium were identified. A new equilibrium model for the socialist and capitalist model was built. In centralized economies, demand and supply curve lies in a parallel curve with the X-axis, were domestic product is placed. In the market economy model, the demand and supply curve has a positive slope and stretch simultaneously over the market price line. They do not intersect with each other as in the Classical and Keynesian model. This market model applies to the economy. It allows governments, central banks, research institutions, universities, various researchers, etc. to analyze macroeconomic indicators. In this paper, the model is applied to the Albanian economy. In this paper, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and description, the method of creating virtual market models, etc.

scholarly journals Price Rigidity and Wage Rigidity: Market Failure or Market Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Chao Chiung Ting
Keyword(s):  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Wage Rigidity ◽  
Supply Curve ◽  
Price Rigidity ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Ex Post

We observe that money wage and price level are not only rigid but also flexible in different business cycles. For example, there are inflationary recessions (e.g., oil crisis in U.S.) versus deflationary recessions (e.g., Great Depression between 1929 and 1933) as well as price rigidity (e.g., Great Depression between 1934 and 1939). Thus, the general price theory, including wage, should explain both price flexibility and price rigidity. When demand curve shifts during business cycle, the best strategy of the firm is to adjust capital and labor (i.e., size of the firm) so as to shift supply curve toward the same direction as demand curve shifts. If both supply curve and demand curve shift toward the same direction proportionally, there is perfect price rigidity. When product price is rigid, the firm is willing to pay previous wage. Thus, price rigidity and wage rigidity are effect (i.e., not only ex-post phenomenon that we observe but also endogenous market efficiency that arises from to the coordination of supply and demand), not exogenous market failure to disturb economy.

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI PENGATURAN PERIKANAN LEMURU BERDASARKAN MEKANISME SUPPLY DAN DEMAND DI SELAT BALI

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yesi Dewita Sari ◽  
Sonny Koeshendrajana ◽  
Benny Osta Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Optimal Exploitation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Exploitation Rate ◽  
Clark Model

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jumlah alat tangkap yang dioperasikan pada perikanan lemuru di Selat Bali, yang didasarkan pada mekanisme keseimbangan supply dan demand. Pendugaan parameter biologi dilakukan menggunakan model CYP, pendugaan kurva supply menggunakan model Clark dan pendugaan kurva demand menggunakan model Salvatore. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keseimbangan supply dan demand terjadi pada tingkat harga Rp 5.889 dengan jumlah produksi 10.149 ton per tahun. Sementara itu, berdasarkan hasil survei diperoleh data bahwa harga ikan lemuru berkisar antara Rp 1.500 – 2.000 dengan rata-rata jumlah produksi (tahun 1990-2007) 30.254 ton dengan rata-rata upaya penangkapan 16.934 trip per tahun. Pada kondisi Maximum Sustainable Yield diperoleh maksimum jumlah tangkapan adalah 21.418 ton per tahun dengan jumlah upaya penangkapan 8.023 trip per tahun. Jumlah upaya penangkapan ini setara dengan 81 unit purse seine dengan asumsi setiap unit purse seine memiliki 99 trip per tahun. Mengacu kepada jumlah produksi pada kondisi MSY, maka dengan jumlah produksi 10.149 ton per tahun pada kondisi keseimbangan supply dan demand, hanya 38 unit purse seine yang diperlukan di Selat Bali. Kebijakan pembatasan jumlah upaya penangkapan di lokasi tersebut diharapkan mampu memulihkan sumberdaya ikan lemuru, dan dalam jangka panjang eksploitasi dapat dilakukan secara optimal. Tittle: Optimalization of Governing ‘Lemuru’ Fishery Based on the Supply and Demand Mechanism in the Bali Strait.This research aimed to know amount of fishing effort for capturing lemuru in the Bali Strait based on supply demand equilibrium. Biology parameters were estimated by using CYP model, supply curve was estimated using Clark model and demand curve wos estimated using Salvatore model. Results show that supply demand equilibrium is reached at Rp 5,889 of price and 10,149 MT per year of harvest. Based on survey, price of lemuru was around Rp 1,500 – 2,000 with average of harvest (1990-2007) was 30,254 MT per year. At maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum harvest were 21,418 MT per year and fishing effort 8,023 trip per year. Fishing effort at MSY were 81 unit purse seine assuming that one unit purse seine operated 99 trips per year. Based on fishing effort and harvested fish at the MSY, with 10,149 ton per years at the equilibrium point of supply and demand of that particular fish, it required 38 units of purse seine in the Bali Strait. Limiting number of fishing effort in the Bali Strait is to be expected by which enabling to recover lemuru required in the long-run optimal exploitation rate of the lemuru.

scholarly journals Market Behavior for in Shell Brazil Nuts Produced in Brazil from 2000 to 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisangela Lobo Schirigatti ◽  
Giovanna Paiva Aguiar ◽  
Joao Carlos Garzel Leodoro da Silva ◽  
José Roberto Frega ◽  
Alexandre Nascimento de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Supply Curve ◽  
Market Behavior ◽  
Positive Shift ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Trend Model ◽  
Demand Curves ◽  
Incentive Policies

ABSTRACT This paper aimed to analyze the market behavior of in shell Brazil nuts produced by Brazil during the period of 2000 to 2010. In order to do it, structural brakes in the data were identified, the existence of correlations between the variables price, quantity and value was investigated; and the shift of the supply and demand curves was described for the nuts production. The trend model was used to identify the direction of the shift, by calculating the growth rates of national prices and of produced quantities. When analyzing the whole period (2000-2010), there was a positive shift of the demand curve, but when separately analyzing the two sub periods defined by the Chow test (2000-2005 and 2006-2010), a negative shift of the supply curve was identified on the first sub period, while the second subperiod revealed a positive shift of the supply curve. The results showed that the market of Brazil nuts is ascending and that the government’s incentive policies to the activity were effective.

scholarly journals A Corpus-based Study of Bubble Metaphor in the American Real Estate Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Guihang Guo ◽  
Zhaohui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Supply Curve ◽  
Housing Bubble ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Real Estate Market

The study aims to find whether the concept of metaphorical “BUBBLE” can assist us in understanding thephenomena of US housing bubble appearing from 2001 to 2007. With the node of “housing bubble”, the researcherssearch the collocates of it and dig into the context of highly frequent collocates. The study finds: 1)the collocates of“housing bubble”, mainly categorized in “v+N”, “n/adj+N” and “N+v”, reflect the 5 stages of housing bubbledevelopment and the context explains the cause and effect of housing bubble in every stage; 2)the maincorrespondences of BUBBLE metaphor have been concluded in the real estate market; 3)the combination of bubblemetaphor and orientation metaphor can explain the demand and supply curve of real estate. As a result, it can assistbusiness English teachers in teaching the supply and demand curve of the housing bubble.

Capital Budgeting and business cycles

2021 ◽  
pp. 315-335
Author(s):  
Edward W. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
The Other ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Interest Rate

Every investment project is aimed at achieving some future goal. This goal can only be attained by employing scarce resources, like time. Every investment project entails foregoing other investment projects. It is impossible to undertake all investment projects simultaneously because resources are scarce. This means each investment project is subject to cost. The investment project may be unsuccessful in achieving the future goal and the entrepreneur may suffer a loss. On the other hand, investment projects are only undertaken because they are perceived as more valuable than their costs. Every investment project undertaken implies the possibility of earning a profit. Investment projects take time. An investment project can be represented by a time line. Time A represents the beginning of the production process. Time B is the end of the production pro-cess. Line AB is called the period of production. Present goods are scarce resources that can be consumed im-mediately. On the other hand, future goods cannot be consumed immediately. Future goods are only expected to be consumer goods at some point in the future. An investment project entails making an investment at time A and receiving a present good at time B. All else equal, present goods are more valuable than future goods.1 Any good at time A is more valuable than the same good at time B. This is called time preference. Money is the present good par excellence. Therefore, future goods can be called future cash flows. All else equal, present money is more valuable than future money. This is called the time value of money. The interest rate is the price of present goods in terms of future goods. The interest rate is the price which equates the amount of present goods provided by savers with the amount of present goods demanded by investors. Like all prices, the interest rate is determined by supply and demand. Savers are suppliers of present goods. The supply curve (S) is the quantity of present goods supplied at each interest rate. Factor owners (investors) are the demanders, or buyers, of present goods. The demand curve (D) is the quantity of present goods demanded at each interest rate. The intersection of the supply and demand curve determines the interest rate. The interest rate is determined by the supply and demand for present goods:2

scholarly journals Optimasi Tingkat Layanan Call Center Jasa Teleponi Dasar: Kajian Regulasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Hendro Purwadi
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Business Approach ◽  
Voice Response

Service level in the call center is calculated based on the number of calls answered during the certain time intervals compared to the total number of calls received. The measurement of service level on the call center operator starts when the caller presses the menu to talk to the  operator on interactive voice response (IVR) menu, and is expressed as a percentage. The higher expected percentage of service level will be higher the needs of operator in the services.  Regulation in Indonesia determines service level for the call center of Basic Telephony Services is in the amount of more than or equal to 90% in 30 seconds. The author uses a business approach to the operational of the call center to analyze existing statutory data. Through the comparative method between operator occupancy and the costs required for the operation of call center using supply and demand curve, the optimum service level value at the call center of Basic Telephony Services can be known, which is 85% in 25 seconds. This means that 85% of incoming calls must be answered by the operator with a maximum waiting time of 25 seconds.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF THE PRODUCTION AND PRICE OF FOREST BIOMASS FOR ENERGY

FLORESTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 011
Author(s):  
Thiago Manoel Sozinho ◽  
David Alexandre Buratto ◽  
Anadalvo Juazeiro Dos Santos ◽  
João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da Silva ◽  
José Roberto Frega
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
The State ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Demand Curves ◽  
The Right ◽  
Biomass For Energy

This study aimed to analyze the evolution of the production and price of biomass from native and planted forests of the state of Paraná (Brazil), between 1998 and 2015, based on the behavior of the prices of the products, according to variations of their supply or demand. The annual rates for growth of the price and quantity produced were calculated and related to the displacements of the supply and demand curves of the products. The results indicated a decrease in the quantity and an increase in the biomass price for native forests, which caused a shift in the supply curve to the left. For the biomass of planted forests, the demand curve shifted to the right due to the demand increase of this product for energy production. The behavior of both curves indicated a substitution of the biomass from native forests to biomass from planted forests due to factors related to the increase of environmental protection regarding the native forests located in the state of Paraná

scholarly journals Estimating Strawberry Attributes’ Market Equilibrium Values

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-748
Author(s):  
Jong Woo Choi ◽  
Chengyan Yue ◽  
James Luby ◽  
Shuoli Zhao ◽  
Karina Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demand Curve ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Market Equilibrium ◽  
Mixed Logit Model ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Mixed Logit Models ◽  
Equilibrium Prices ◽  
Social Surplus

We conducted choice experiments with both strawberry producers and consumers. Consumer and producer willingness to pay (WTP) for the fruit attributes were estimated using mixed logit models. Through simulation using the mixed logit model results, we derived the market equilibrium prices, supply and demand curve, as well as quantities demanded and supplied for every fruit attribute. We found the highest equilibrium price was for strawberry internal color followed by flavor. Strawberry breeders can use the information when setting breeding targets, allocating resources appropriately during their breeding process and focusing on the improvement of attributes that produce the highest social surplus and total revenue.

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