scholarly journals AN EXHAUSTIVE REVIEW ON HERBS USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Salman Mau ◽  
Shakir Saleem ◽  
Vishwadeepak Kimothi ◽  
Vineet Joshi ◽  
Sanjay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders associated with disturbed hormonal secretion. Diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period of time. High sugar levels are due to abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids which is caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout the human history. Herbs are becoming more popular today because of their least side effects, holistic beliefs, easy availability and low cost. Individual herbal products and formulations are gaining popularity because of their quality manufacturing using modern analytical techniques and standardized raw materials. Herbal drugs are widely used for the treatment of diabetes worldwide in various dosage forms. India has a long list of native herbal drugs with scientifically proven blood sugar lowering properties. The seeds of Nigella sativa, Olea europaea, fruits of Aegle marmelos, Momordica charantia, Coccinia indica, Nigella sativa,Gymnema sylvestre leaves,whole plant of Pterocarpus marsupium, Syzygium cumini fruits, Swertia punicea, Urtica dioica, gum of Ferula assa-foetida and seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum were discussed along with their reported mechanisms of action. In this review paper an attempt has been made to give an overview of certain Indian plants which have shown their anti-diabetic activity in various pre-clinical studies.

Nano Phytomedicine Based Delivery System for CNS Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 661-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Asadullah Jahangir ◽  
Chettupalli Anand ◽  
Abdul Muheem ◽  
Sadaf Jamal Gilani ◽  
Mohamad Taleuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Herbal Formulations

Herbal medicines are being used since ancient times and are an important part of the alternative and traditional medicinal system. In recent decades, scientists are embracing herbal medicines based on the fact that a number of drugs that are currently in use are derived directly or indirectly from plant sources. Moreover, herbal drugs have lesser side effects, albeit are potentially strong therapeutic agents. The herbal medicine market is estimated to be around US $62 billion globally. Herbal medicine has gained widespread acceptance due to its low toxicity, low cost, ease of accessibility and efficacy in treating difficult diseases. Safety and efficacy are another important factors in the commercialization process of herbal medicines. Nanotechnology has been shown to be potentially effective in improving the bioactivity and bioavailability of herbal medicines. Development of nano-phytomedicines (or by reducing the size of phytomedicine), attaching polymers with phytomedicines and modifying the surface properties of herbal drugs, have increased the solubility, permeability and eventually the bioavailability of herbal formulations. Novel formulations such as niosomes, liposomes, nanospheres, phytosomes etc., can be exploited in this area. This article reviews herbal medicines, which have prominent activity in the Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders and reported nano-phytomedicines based delivery systems.

scholarly journals Effectivenes Education For Diabetic Melitus Management In Elderly With Diabetic Melitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Maria Theresia Arie Lilyana ◽  
Kristina Pae
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome due to impaired amount and function of insulin which causes high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Chronic hyperglycemia that occurs in DM can cause both microvascular and macrovascular complications, so the ability to manage DM is needed to prevent it. The focus of this research is the ability to manage DM for the elderly after getting education about DM management from various sources of information. A qualitative phenomenological design was chosen to obtain individual and in-depth information. Four participants were determined by purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted using a recording device, a semi-structured interview guide, and field notes. Colaizzi's approach Qualitative content analysis produces themes: The information sources of DM management; The DM management that has been done; and The DM education form that they expected. This study concludes that based on information that the participant gives, management of DM are obtained by consumption hypoglycemic therapy and diet routinely to stay in a healthy condition, physical activities such as exercise carried out according to participant conditions, and another method of therapies is based on the participant experience and habits as a result of complications that occur for example hypoglycemia. Recommendation for the next research is an effective education for the elderly is needed to improve their ability to manage chronic illness such as DM. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, education, DM management, elderly

Sitagliptin: A DPP-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMT.S6227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn MS Johnson ◽  
Kathleen Schurr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Therapy ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become an epidemic, with worldwide projections indicating that more than 336 million people will be afflicted with the disease by 2030. T2DM is characterized by inappropriately high blood glucose levels due to a deficiency in insulin secretion, action, or both. Despite the horrific complications that occur with chronic elevations of blood glucose levels, less than half of those with T2DM do not maintain proper glycemic control. Sitagliptin (Januvia, Merck and Co., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey) is a novel diabetes therapy approved for use in the U.S. and Europe. This small molecule inhibits the activity of DPP-4, a peptidase that degrades the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1. Sitagliptin increases glucoregulation in individuals with T2DM both as a monotherapy and in combination with other antihyperglycemic drugs, with a low risk of adverse side effects.

scholarly journals Downregulation of the Netrin-1 Receptor UNC5b Underlies Increased Placental Angiogenesis in Human Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Prieto ◽  
Bárbara Casas ◽  
Paulina Falcón ◽  
Andrea Villanueva ◽  
Pablo Lois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Placental Angiogenesis

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder, defined by high blood glucose levels during pregnancy, which affects foetal and post-natal development. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this detrimental condition are still poorly understood. A dysregulation in circulating angiogenic trophic factors, due to a dysfunction of the feto-placental unit, has been proposed to underlie GDM. But even the detailed study of canonical pro-angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) has not been able to fully explain this detrimental condition during pregnancy. Netrins are non-canonical angiogenic ligands produced by the stroma have shown to be important in placental angiogenesis. In order to address the potential role of Netrin signalling in GDM, we tested the effect of Netrin-1, the most investigated member of the family, produced by Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJ-MSC), on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) angiogenesis. WJ-MSC and HUVEC primary cell cultures from either healthy or GDM pregnancies were exposed to physiological (5 mM) or high (25 mM) d-glucose. Our results reveal that Netrin-1 is secreted by WJ-MSC from healthy and GDM and both expression and secretion of the ligand do not change with distinct experimental glucose conditions. Noteworthy, the expression of its anti-angiogenic receptor UNC5b is reduced in GDM HUVEC compared with its expression in healthy HUVEC, accounting for an increased Netrin-1 signalling in these cells. Consistently, in healthy HUVEC, UNC5b overexpression induces cell retraction of the sprouting phenotype.

Identification and Detection of Undeclared Herbal Slimming Adulterants

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1 and 2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamil
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Artery Disease

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is advising consumers to stop using multiple weight-loss products that contain the undeclared drug ingredients e.g. sibutramine, which was removed from the market in 2010 for safety reasons and may present significant risks for those with coronary artery disease and other heart issues. Sibutramine and similar undeclared ingredients in herbal medicines are a real challenge for the public health and safety. In recent years, the need for quality assurance tools to ensure the identity, purity, and quality of botanical material has risen dramatically. HPTLC has emerged as a versatile, high throughput, and cost-effective technology, that is uniquely suited to meet these requirements. Most separation techniques do not allow parallel analysis of numerous samples at the same time and they often face problems in separating complex mixtures of substances. However, visual evaluation of HPTLC plates allows for convenient comparison of many samples side by side, where similarities and differences can clearly be seen. The quality of raw materials is rapidly and easily determined by HPTLC. For the identification of herbal drugs and other naturally derived materials standardized HPTLC is the method of choice and recommended by pharmacopoeias worldwide, furthermore adulterated samples are reliably identified. The main objective of the present study is to check pharmaceutical analogue adulteration of nonprescription and prescription slimming products in the laboratory using chromatographic techniques and to discuss its side effects in the interest of consumers and public health safety. Since intentional adulteration of “natural herbalmedicines” with unknown synthetic drugs or chemicals is a common and dangerous phenomenon of alternative medicine, it is important to modify and validate analytical tools to monitor and evaluate these herbal drugs.

scholarly journals Study of Electrolyte Levels in Diabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nur Qadri Rasyid ◽  
Muawanah Usman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Group B

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder / disease characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) with changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism in the body due to disruption in insulin action, insulin secretion or both. These metabolic changes affect the concentration of electrolytes. Electrolytes contained in the body play an important role in many body processes, such as controlling fluid levels, acid base balance (pH), nerve conduction, blood clotting and muscle contraction. Sodium, potassium and chloride are the most common macroelectrolytes and correlate with diabetes mellitus. In this study, we examined the prevalence of diabetes and its relationship to electrolyte concentrations in 28 subjects, divided into two groups: group A consisted of 14 diabetic patients in Labuang Baji Hospital and group B consisting of 14 non-diabetic subjects. The results of the research conducted showed that serum electrolyte levels (Na +, K +, Cl-) for the control were all in the normal range. In contrast, serum electrolyte (Na +, Cl-) levels have two patients who have Na + electrolyte levels below the normal range.  

scholarly journals DIABETES MELLITUS: A REVIEW WITH EDGE OF SGLT2 INHIBITORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ranjodh Jeet Singh ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Gupta ◽  
Kanika Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Type 1 Dm ◽  
Poor Absorption

The relative (Type 2 DM) or absolute (Type 1 DM) deficiency of insulin hormone could result into hyperglycemia, which is a characteristic feature of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality because of its associated complications viz. Neuropathy, Nephropathy, Retinopathy, Cardiovascular disorders.The feature which has to be noted down is the death of individuals before the age of 70 y, which is attributable to high blood glucose levels. According to WHO diabetes mellitus will be the seventh leading cause of deaths till 2030.The induction of glycosuria as meant for gly­caemiac control in patients with DM is an extension of the physiological role of renal TmG to curb the menace of hyperglycemia. The first biologically derived SGLT2 inhibitor phlorizin, isolated in 1835 from the root bark of apple tree, was not developed as an antihyperglycaemic drug because of rapid degradation by lactase-phlorizin hydrolase and poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Other glycoside moieties derived from phlorizin struc­ture have subsequently been developed recently.

scholarly journals Standardization of Herbal Drugs – A Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Umamaheswari ◽  
R. Muthuraja ◽  
M. Kumar ◽  
B.S. Venkateswarlu
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Herbal Formulations ◽  
Dosage Formulation

The medicinal plants are important source for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Medicinal plants & herbal medicines account for a significant percentage of the pharmaceutical market. As the side effects of Synthetic medicine have started getting more apparent, majority of formulation are prepared from herbs. The herbal medicines however, suffer from lack of standardization parameters. The main limitation is the lack of standardization of raw materials, of processing methods and of the final products, dosage formulation, and the non existence of criteria for quality control. Herbal formulations have reached extensive acceptability as therapeutic agents for several diseases. The development of authentic analytical methods which can reliably profile the phytochemical composition, including quantitative analyses of marker/bioactive compounds and other major constituents, is a major challenge to scientists. Standardization is an important step for the establishment of a consistent biological activity, a consistent chemical profile, or simply a quality assurance program for production and manufacturing of herbal drugs.

scholarly journals Use of metformin hydrochloride in gestational diabetes: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e122996988
Author(s):  
Ellys Cristina Eleonor Pereira Torres ◽  
Jéssica Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Luanne Eugênia Nunes ◽  
Franciso Ernesto de Souza Neto ◽  
Rosueti Diógenes de Oliveira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a condition characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels, which can be initiated or diagnosed during pregnancy. This process occurs due to the production of high levels of hormones by the placenta, most of which are harmful to the action of insulin in the cells increasing the blood sugar level and can affect the growth and well-being of the fetus. Among the drugs used, Metformin Hydrochloride is an oral hypoglycemic drug used to treat Diabetes Mellitus. The present study aimed to elaborate a systematic review on the use of metformin hydrochloride in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. The searches were carried out in the SciElo and Google Acadêmico databases. 763 articles were found in the initial research and after the analysis of the pre-analytical phases, only 6 were selected, since they met the inclusion criteria. After extracting the data, a relationship was made between the use of metformin with the various forms of therapy used in the studies and it was shown that metformin is a drug well applied as monotherapy, being used by 40 % of individuals in one of the studies analyzed and it is also well accepted in combination therapy with insulin in patients who have resistance to it, due to metformin being a drug with easy access and easy dosage. It is concluded that metformin is a safe, effective, low-cost and widely accepted drug for pregnant women who use it in the treatment of gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

scholarly journals SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON MEDICAMENTS USED IN MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
ANUPAM JAMWAL
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes has a global prevalence in developed countries and rapidly flexing its roots in middle-and low-income countries. According to the World Health Organization, it is a major cause of kidney collapse, heart problems, and lower limb amputation. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder showing an uncontrolled increase in blood glucose levels. To date, no permanent cure has been developed for the complete restoration of impaired glucose haemostasis. With the use of therapeutic agents and nontherapeutic agents, glucose levels can be kept in control for a very long time. The foremost goal of all current ongoing treatments is to control high blood glucose levels, reduction in elevated lipid levels, and delay in the progression of diabetes-related complications. Various therapeutics agents are developed in recent decades, which shown very promising results in the management of diabetes mellitus. These agents prescribed after reviewing the clinical symptoms and situation of an individual patient. This review compiles noteworthy information related to clinically approved medicaments for diabetes mellitus. Review emphasis on categorization, mechanism of action, noted adverse effects along with the physiological responses of used medicines to treat diabetes mellitus.

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