scholarly journals Analytical approaches for discriminating native lard from other animal fats

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Nazrim Marikkar ◽  
Marcello Alinovi ◽  
Emma Chiavaro
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chicken Fat ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Mutton Tallow ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Establishing the distinguishable characteristics of lard from other common animal fats might be helpful for authentication initiatives in foods and feeds. In this study, fatty acid and triacylglycerol compositions, thermal and spectroscopic characteristics of native lard (NL), respectively, were compared with those of beef tallow (BT), mutton tallow (MT), and chicken fat (CF) by using gas liquid chromatography (GLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). GLC analysis showed that the comparison of the overall fatty acid data might not be suitable for the discrimination of different animal fats, but the use of the principal component analysis and the percent palmitic acid enrichment factor [PAEF (%)] calculations were useful. HPLC analysis showed that NL displayed a TAG profile, which was quite different from those of either BT or MT, but appeared to be closely similar to that of CF. Results of DSC thermal analysis showed that both melting and crystallization curves of NL were remarkably different from those of other animal fats.

scholarly journals CDC Group O-3: Phenotypic Characteristics, Fatty Acid Composition, Isoprenoid Quinone Content, and In Vitro Antimicrobic Susceptibilities of an Unusual Gram-Negative Bacterium Isolated from Clinical Specimens

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1674-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Daneshvar ◽  
B. Hill ◽  
D. G. Hollis ◽  
C. W. Moss ◽  
J. G. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Gram Negative

Between 1983 and 1994, 13 phenotypically similar unidentified clinical isolates were received by the Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sources included blood (four strains), lung (three strains), knee fluid and duodenal tissue (one strain each), bone, and lymph node tissue (two strains each). All were aerobic glucose-oxidizing, slender, long, curved gram-negative rods that utilized xylose, sucrose, and maltose; did not grow on MacConkey agar in 1 to 2 days; were oxidase positive; hydrolyzed esculin; and grew on Campylobacter selective medium. All were negative for urease, indole, nitrate reduction, and gelatin hydrolysis. All were motile by means of a single polar flagellum with a noticeably short wavelength; however, motility was sometimes difficult to demonstrate. The cellular fatty acid compositions of these strains, as analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, were unique, characterized by relatively large amounts of 16:1ω7c, 16:0, and 18:1ω7c with smaller amounts of 12:0, 3-OH-12:1, 14:0, 15:0, 18:0, Br-19:1, and 19:0cyc11–12. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of the quinone extracts of three representative strains showed ubiquinone-10 as the major component. Based on the breakpoints for the familyEnterobacteriaceae, all the strains were susceptible in vitro to aminoglycosides, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol but were resistant to most beta-lactams except imipenem. The MICs of amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin for these strains clustered around the breakpoints, which makes it difficult to predict the strains’ response in vivo to these agents. This group has been designated CDC oxidizer group 3 (O-3).

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