scholarly journals Application of the microwave field in jelly products technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3(58)) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Andriy Foshchan ◽  
Viktoriya Yevlash ◽  
Olena Aksonova ◽  
Natalia Murlykina ◽  
Inna Piliugina
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Field ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
High Price ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Gelling Agents ◽  
Product Formulation ◽  
Agar Solution ◽  
Competitive Products

The object of research is the agar-based chocolate-jelly cake technology. Due to the annual decrease in the production of natural jelly-forming agents and their high price, the possibilities of improving the qualitative change in their functional properties are being studied. In this connection, various methods of modification by gelling agents, both chemical and physical, are proposed. It is proposed to use the field of ultra-high frequencies (UHF) during the preparation of agar-sugar-treacle syrup in the "Chocolate-jelly" cake technology, as a result of which the consumption of gelling agents is reduced to 40 %. Microwave processing of the swollen gelling substance allows to reduce its consumption without introducing other components into the product formulation and without significant changes in the production process. It is shown that microwave treatment of a 1 % agar solution leads to an increase in the strength of the formed jellies by 40 %. It was found that microwave treatment leads to an increase in the melting temperature of the jelly in comparison with the untreated sample. It was revealed that hysteresis is observed at solidification and melting temperatures, the value of which ranges from 10 to 30 °C. Microwave treatment of a polysaccharide solution in a microwave field reduces the critical concentration of the transition of the molecular structure of the gel to the supramolecular one. Comparison of the enthalpies of melting of agar jelly after microwave treatment and jelly without finishing indicates that a larger number of hydrogen bonds are involved in the formation of a single node of the structure network. The improved technology of the "Chocolate-jelly" cake based on agar differs from the traditional one in that the dissolution by gelling agents is carried out under the action of a microwave field, which makes it possible to reduce the prescription amount of agar. The proposed method of processing a 1 % agar solution with an ultrahigh frequency field leads to the strengthening of the jelly structure, and due to this, the costs of gelling agents in the production of jelly products are reduced and leads to a decrease in its cost. The implementation of the plan will expand the range of jelly products and create competitive products in the confectionery market.

Rice protein radicals: growth and stability under microwave treatment

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (100) ◽  
pp. 97825-97831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-ming Fan ◽  
Bo Hu ◽  
Lu-fen Lin ◽  
Lue-lue Huang ◽  
Ming-fu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Microwave Field ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Rice Protein ◽  
Protein Radicals

Carbon-centred radicals are revealed in the microwave treated rice protein samples. The change of protein structure in a microwave field is often presumed to be caused by free radicals.

scholarly journals Microwave treatment for improved quality and safety of dehydrated pitted apricots

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
N. V. Ilyukhina ◽  
A. Yu. Kolokolova ◽  
M. Yu. Kolokolov
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Field ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Death Kinetics ◽  
Taxonomic Affiliation ◽  
Ready Meal ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
Good Medium

Dehydrated pitted apricots are widely used as a ready meal ingredient, which renders control of their quality and safety a relevant issue. Pitted apricots are rich in sugars, moisture and organic acids that serve a good medium for microorganisms. Therefore, these products require presale processing. Microwave treatment proved effective for the processing of raw and finished food products. Its impact on microorganisms depends on variant criteria, including taxonomic affiliation, total counts, dielectric cell properties and the treatment dose. The research aimed to study death kinetics in the native dried apricot surface microflora and its growth during subsequent storage. In this respect, we have studied the microwave treatment impact on dried apricot surface microflora depending on treatment dose and determined the residual microflora growth rate during subsequent storage. The doses of 120, 180 and 240 kJ at a 200 W radiation power have been shown to reduce baseline contamination of dehydrated pitted apricots by three orders of magnitude. Statistical kinetics analyses demonstrated a retarded surface microflora growth during subsequent storage. Microwave doses of 120–240 kJ (accounting for ±0.4 lg CFU/g error) exhibited a similar microflora dynamics in subsequent storage. The exposure of dried apricots to a lowest microwave field of 120 kJ ensured stability of the product microbiological dynamics.

Oxidation of High Titanium Slag through Microwave Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yang ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Jinhui Peng ◽  
Hongbo Zhu ◽  
Guo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Field ◽  
Slag Phase ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Titanium Slag ◽  
Ti Oxides ◽  
High Dielectric Loss ◽  
High Dielectric ◽  
Reaction Processes

AbstractDue to its special nature of microwave heating, the reaction processes of high dielectric loss materials under microwave field draw more and more attention. This work attempts to figure out microwave oxidation process of high titanium slag. Based on a through analysis, it can be concluded that high titanium slag phase transformation process under microwave field can be divided into four stages: (i) crystallization of amorphous Fe, Mg, and Ti oxides, (ii) decomposition of Fe

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KINERJA INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA MELALUI PENURUNAN HIGH COST ECONOMY PERIODE : 1990-2003

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-121
Author(s):  
Beta Yulianita Gitaharie ◽  
Eugenia Mardanugraha ◽  
Chaikal Nuryakin ◽  
Su Raya
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
High Price ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
The Government ◽  
Garment And Textile ◽  
Competitive Products

The economic crises attacking Asian regions in the mid of 1997 have brought depressing impacts to Indonesia‘s economy. Indonesia experiences a declining share of investment— it is even the lowest amongst neighboring countries. Indonesia also ranks the first position in the issue of inefficiency which further discourages investors to invest in Indonesia. The study focuses on the issue of efficiency in the manufacturing industry whose share in the economy tends to increase during I988-2OO5 in a higher percentage than in the agriculture and services sectors. The objectives of the study are two-folds, first is to measure the score of efficiency in the manufacturing industry in order to identify which in industries are classified as efficient, moderately efficient, or less efficient. Secondly is to identify whether there is an association between input factor or output degree of protection and the score of in efficiency of a 5-digit-JSIC industry. The method employs in the study is the stochastic production frontier where efficiency is an explicit function of specifically determining factors. The study finds that wood preservative industry has the highest efficiency score, while garment and textile industry has the lowest. The study also discovers there are more industries with less and moderately efficient classification. Sources of inefficiency are from the high output tariffs, which have potential contributions to high price and less competitive products in the market. The study recommends that manufacturing industries with low scores of efficiency should improve their productivities through lower cost of production. The government has to make effort to reduce tariff for finished goods. Taxes on luxurious goods and duty charges for export oriented industries should be eliminated as an alternative to increase efficiency in the manufacturing industry. Comparative advantages, particularly for linkage industries, should be improved.

scholarly journals Demographic projections and accuracy of the spatial development statistics of Siberia and Far East of Russia

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Maxim Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Far East ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
High Price ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Competitive Network ◽  
Federal Districts

The subject of the research is spatial development statistics (as a system of indicators of regional analysis and management) on the example of the Siberian and Far East Federal districts. The correlation of the indices of migration and the state of the infrastructure deficit of these districts is considered. The importance of a qualitative change in the system of placement of population and productive forces in the country (in accordance with the adopted and agreed economic model) for the creation of an internationally competitive network of settlements is emphasized. The relevance of this topic, which characterizes qualitative territorial planning and sustainable-safe spatial development at the level of federal districts of Russia (as established macro-regions) and their constituent entities, is due to several key factors. First, the territory, being itself a complex subject of research, involves development and use of a significant number of statistical metrics for a comprehensive assessment, systematization and current management organization of spatial development potentials. Secondly, it becomes possible to unify coordination of macro-regional and interregional planning, interconnection of sectoral plans, and development of recommendations for formation of long-term tariffs. Thirdly, on the basis of such indicators, there is predicted the basis of the qualitative changes, which are fixed both in strategies, targeted and regional programs, and resettlement schemes at the federal and regional (in the long term, macro-regional) levels. At the same time, primarily because of the extremely high price of managerial errors, there is a practical need for correct forecasting activities, studying best practices and finding consensus, especially in demographic projections as the basis for further long-term planning. The findings of the study can be used in further research at the national and interregional levels.

Characteristics of Metallurgical Waste Slag and its Heating Behavior in a Microwave Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 574-579
Author(s):  
Qi Nan Li ◽  
Guo Jun Ma ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Xun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Microwave Field ◽  
Converter Slag ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Metallurgical Slag ◽  
Metallurgical Waste ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Heating Behavior

Four kinds of typical metallurgical waste slags were characterized with their chemical composition, crystalline phases, microstructure and thermal behavior. The heating behavior of these slags in a microwave field were also examined. The results show that there is a high content of CaO in these waste slags. When the metallurgical waste slags were heated from room temperature to 1300°C, the weight loss of Blast Furnace (BF) slag and ladle furnace (LF) refining slag are only 2.25% and 0.9%, respectively, while the weight loss of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag are more than 5%. These metallurgical waste slags have a good absorption capacity for the microwave irradiation, the absorption capacity of microwave decreases in the order of converter slag > EAF carbon steel slag > baste furnace slag. In addition, the temperature-rising rates of the metallurgical waste slags increase with the microwave power and the quality or the particle sizes of slags. Furthermore, the crystalline phases of treated slag with microwave are similar with that of the untreated metallurgical slag. A number of internal cracks in particles of metallurgical slag can be found or extended after microwave treatment.

scholarly journals The role of node dynamics in shaping emergent functional connectivity patterns in the brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Forrester ◽  
Jonathan J. Crofts ◽  
Stamatios N. Sotiropoulos ◽  
Stephen Coombes ◽  
Reuben D. O’Dea
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Brain States

The contribution of structural connectivity to functional brain states remains poorly understood. We present a mathematical and computational study suited to assess the structure–function issue, treating a system of Jansen–Rit neural mass nodes with heterogeneous structural connections estimated from diffusion MRI data provided by the Human Connectome Project. Via direct simulations we determine the similarity of functional (inferred from correlated activity between nodes) and structural connectivity matrices under variation of the parameters controlling single-node dynamics, highlighting a nontrivial structure–function relationship in regimes that support limit cycle oscillations. To determine their relationship, we firstly calculate network instabilities giving rise to oscillations, and the so-called ‘false bifurcations’ (for which a significant qualitative change in the orbit is observed, without a change of stability) occurring beyond this onset. We highlight that functional connectivity (FC) is inherited robustly from structure when node dynamics are poised near a Hopf bifurcation, whilst near false bifurcations, and structure only weakly influences FC. Secondly, we develop a weakly coupled oscillator description to analyse oscillatory phase-locked states and, furthermore, show how the modular structure of FC matrices can be predicted via linear stability analysis. This study thereby emphasises the substantial role that local dynamics can have in shaping large-scale functional brain states.

Comorbid Dyslipidemia And HT Have High Price

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
BRUCE JANCIN
Keyword(s):  
High Price

Effect of Thrombin on Phosphorylation of Platelet Membrane Proteins

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Protein Kinase Activity ◽  
Protein Substrates ◽  
Phosphoprotein Phosphatase ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Platelet Membranes ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
Considerable Loss

SummaryThe effect of thrombin on the phosphorylating activity of platelet membranes was compared to that of trypsin. Preincubation of non-32P phosphorylated platelet membranes with or without either of these two enzymes resulted in a considerable loss of membrane protein kinase activity which was most severe when trypsin was used. Protein kinase activity and endogenous protein acceptors decreased in parallel. 32P-phosphorylated membranes showed a slow but progressive loss of label which was accelerated by trypsin. Thrombin under these conditions prevented the loss of 32P-phosphate. These results are interpreted to indicate a thrombin-induced destruction of a phosphoprotein phosphatase. The protein kinase activity of phosphorylated platelet membranes using endogenous or exogenous protein substrates showed a significant reduction compared to non-phosphorylated membranes suggesting a deactivation of protein kinase by phosphorylation of platelet membranes. Neither thrombin nor trypsin caused a qualitative change in the membrane polypeptides accepting 32P-phosphate but resulted in quantitative alterations of their ability to become phosphorylated.

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