The first step of application of water quality index (WQI) to assessment  of sea water quality in the Gulf of Tonkin in 2018

The study to calculate the water quality index was conducted in the Gulf of Tonkin at the surface water in August 2018. The calculation results showed that out of 48 surveyed points, there was 1 point in the Northeast area at poor water quality, 15 points in the Northeast and coastal areas from Thanh Hoa to Thua Thien Hue at medium water quality, 14 points in the Gulf of Tonkin, Northeast and Con Co Island at good water quality, the remaining 18 points in the Gulf of Tonkin and Bach Long Vi Island at excellent water quality. Overall, the average water quality of the whole region was good (average WQI = 79). Considering each area, the Gulf of Tonkin area had good and excellent water quality, the Northeast had water quality from poor to good level, the coastal areas from Thanh Hoa to Thua Thien Hue had medium water quality, Con Co Island area had good water quality, Bach Long Vi Island area had excellent water quality.

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EVALUATION GROUNDWATER QUALITY BY USING GIS AND WATER QUALITY INDEX TECHNIQUES FOR WELLS IN BARDARASH AREA, NORTHERN IRAQ

Iraqi Geological Journal ◽

10.46717/igj.53.2c.7rs-2020-09.07 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (2C) ◽

pp. 87-104

Author(s):

Kaiwan Fatah

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Total Alkalinity ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Poor Water Quality

Studying groundwater quality in arid and semi-arid regions is essential significant because it is used as a foremost alternative source for various purposes (human and animal consumption, economic, agriculture and irrigation). Geographic Information System and Water Quality Index techniques were utilized for visualizing and evaluating the variations of groundwater quality in the studied area. Total twelve wells were sampled and twelve groundwater quality (chemical) parameters; pH, Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness (TH), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Potassium (K), Nitrate (NO3), Sulfate (SO4), Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Sodium (Na) were analyzed in the laboratory. Inverse Distance Weighted technique was used as a useful tool to create and anticipate spatial variation maps of the chemical parameters. Predicting or anticipating other areas not measured, identifying them and making use of them in the future without examining samples. The results of this research showed that 8.3% of the studied wells have excellent groundwater quality, and almost sampling wells about 75% found in good groundwater quality, while findings of groundwater quality of 16.7% studied wells belong to poor water quality due to standards of Water Quality Index. Moreover, spatial analysis in term of groundwater quality map showed that Excellent groundwater quality was detected in well 3, very good groundwater potential was noticed in six studied wells (wells 2, 6, 8, 10, 11 and 12), and other sampling wells (wells 4 and 7) were observed as good groundwater quality, while poor water quality was observed in wells (well 1 and 5). Hence, spatial distribution maps showed that the almost groundwater quality in the area about 1046.82 km² (99.04%) are suitable for drinking purpose, whereas proximate 10.18 km² (0.96%) are observed as poor water quality and inappropriate for consumptions especially in the southern part of the area.

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Estimation of Water Quality Index for Coastal Areas in Korea Using GOCI Satellite Data Based on Machine Learning Approaches

Korean Journal of Remote Sensing ◽

10.7780/kjrs.2016.32.3.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 221-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eunna Jang ◽

Jungho Im ◽

Sunghyun Ha ◽

Sanggyun Lee ◽

Young-Gyu Park

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Water Quality ◽

Satellite Data ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Learning Approaches

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The Effect of Physical and Chemical Parameters on the Presence of Lompa Fish (Thryssa baelama Forsskål) in the Apui Coastal Waters of Central Maluku District

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada ◽

10.22146/jfs.28346 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meillisa Carlen Mainassy

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Good Condition ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Ex Post ◽

Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical

Maluku is one of the archipelago province in Indonesia that has small pelagic fish resources with widespread distribution, such as lompa (Thryssa baelama Forsskål). One of lompa habitat in Mollucas is in Apui coastal areas. The presence of lompa depends on physical and chemical parameters in the waters. This study aims to determine the influence of physical and chemical parameters on the presence of lompa in Apui coastal area Central Mollucas. This study was conducted in June - July 2015. This research is ex-post facto using the value of Environmental Water Quality Index which refers to US-National Sanitation Foundation-Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI). Physical and chemical parameters measured include temperature, velocity, depth, brightness, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen. The results of calculations with the Indeks Mutu Lingkungan Perairan (IMLP) are 95.61; 92,15; 88.61; 96,37; 93,76; 79.57. And the results of lompa fishing were 181, 162, 205, 173, 184, and 97 respectively. The research conclusion is that the Apui coastal areas are in good condition and potential as lompa habitat.

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DETERMINATION OF THE WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI) OF A FRESH WATER STREAM (Mini-Whuo) ELIOZU, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA.

Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria ◽

10.46602/jcsn.v45i5.526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

Author(s):

I.R. ALLISON ◽

C.C. OBUNWO ◽

G.A. COOKEY ◽

O.S. BULL

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Poor Water Quality ◽

Rivers State

In order to assess the potability and agricultural application of Mini-Whuo stream in Eliozu Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; the physicochemical properties, heavy metal levels (Fe, Cr, Cd, Pb & Ni) and microbiological load of water were evaluated. Five stations were established and sampling made for a period of six months (May-October 2019). Various water samples were collected for the analysis of physicochemical properties, heavy metal and microbiological levels, using titrimetric, spectrophotometric and microbiological methods respectively. Results obtained from the analyses showed that, temperature ranged between (28.7±0.7-30.9±1.9ºC), pH (6.4±0.0-6.7±0.3), electrical conductivity (82±20-172.0±14 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (41±1-86.5±71.1mg/l), turbidity (8.1±1.6-18.1±2.8 NTU), chloride (5.60±1.63-7.76±0.96 mg/l). Levels of heavy metals analyzed for water were below detection limit of 0.01mg/l, except for Fe which ranged between (3±1-4.6±0.8 mg/l). Microbiological study of water showed that the water had (2.6±0.5-6.4±0.6 x103 cfu/MLN) count of total heterotrophic bacteria, (44.3±9- 323.8±44 MPN/100ml-1) count of total coliform bacteria count and (4.3±2.7-59.5±16.9 MPN/100ml-1) faecal coliform bacteria count. From the result of analyses it was observed that iron, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and the microbiological load of the water were high when compared with WHO standards, and this may be attributed to the disposal of wastes such as, human and animal wastes into the water body. Water quality index (WQI) method according to the weighted arithmetic WQI, where (WQI < 50 = excellent water quality), (50 > WQI < 100 = good water quality), (100 > WQI < 200 = poor water quality), (200 > WQI < 300 = very poor water quality), and (WQI > 300 = unfit for drinking). Based on the WQI calculated for the Mini-Whuo stream 1156, the stream is not suitable for domestic use.

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Spatio-temporal variations in water quality, hydrochemistry and its controlling factors in a perennial river in India

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01504-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Raj Setia ◽

Shaveta Lamba ◽

Shard Chander ◽

Vinod Kumar ◽

Randhir Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Water ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Post Monsoon ◽

Drinking And Irrigation ◽

Poor Water Quality ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

The One

AbstractThe spatial and temporal variations in the hydrochemistry of the Sutlej river in the Indian Punjab were studied based on water quality parameters analysed during pre- and post-monsoon seasons of the years 2017 and 2018. The grab water samples were collected from the river using stratified random sampling and analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbonate (CO3−2), bicarbonate (HCO3−), chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3−), total hardness, calcium (Ca+2), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) using standard methods. Spatio-temporal variations in the parameters used to evaluate the water quality for irrigation (electrical conductivity (EC), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR)) were also studied. In order to rate the composite influence of all the physicochemical parameters, water quality index (WQI) was computed. Spatial variations in WQI for drinking and irrigation purposes were studied using the inverse distance weighted method in GIS. Results showed that the river water was alkaline in nature, HCO3− and Cl− are the major anions, and Ca2+ and Na+ are the cations in the river water during both seasons. The regression analysis of EC with cations and anions showed that the regression coefficient was mainly significant with Ca2+ and HCO3−, irrespective of the season. The concentration of ions was not significantly affected by season, but it was higher along transboundary of the river. Total alkalinity of water was significantly (p < 0.05) higher during pre-monsoon than post-monsoon season. The EC, SAR and RSC values during different seasons showed that > 85% of the water samples were in good categories for irrigation purposes. According to grades of WQI for drinking purposes, the poor WQI was observed in 3.6%, 3.7% and 5.9% of the samples during pre-2017, pre-2018 and post-monsoon 2018, respectively. The poor water quality index for irrigation purposes was observed in 16.7% and 4.7% of the samples during pre-monsoon 2017 and 2018, respectively. The water quality index values for drinking and irrigation were higher (poor water quality) along transboundary of the river. The ratio of Ca2+/Mg2+, (Na+ + K+)/TZ+ and Ca2+ + Mg2+/(Na+ + K+) indicated both carbonate and silicate lithology contribute to hydrochemistry of the river besides anthropogenic factors. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that all the samples are of a similar origin across the river including transboundary, whereas cluster analysis resulted in the two main groups: pH and Cl in the one group, and EC along with the remaining cations and anions in the other group during pre-monsoon, but pH in the one group, and EC along with the remaining cations and anions in the other group during post-monsoon. The high concentration of Cl− is a signature of anthropogenic inputs in addition to the contribution of natural factors. These results suggest that the cultivation of crops on the soils along transboundary may cause the transfer of ions through the food chain to human beings affecting their health. Moreover, drinking of river water by inhabitants living along transboundary may affect their health.

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INDEKS KEANEKARAGAMAN KOMUNITAS FITOPLANKTON SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR SAPROBITAS PERAIRAN DI SEKITAR PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA UAP (PLTU) KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA

JURNAL PERIKANAN TROPIS ◽

10.35308/jpt.v4i2.787 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Munandar Munandar ◽

Neneng Marlian

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Phytoplankton Abundance ◽

Uniformity Coefficient ◽

Quality Of Waters ◽

Average Water ◽

Physical And Chemical

This research aims to know the structure of the phytoplankton community in waters of PLTU Nagan Raya and to know the index of saprobitas based on the quality of waters in physics and chemistry of water. Research methods are laboratories where data research results obtained from the measurement results directly (in situ). The analysis conducted in the laboratory include identification and measurement of physical and chemical parameters of the water. The parameters in the observed in this research is phytoplankton abundance, diversity index, uniformity coefficient, saprobik, domination, phytoplankton, and water quality index. The results of the research there were 21 types of Phytoplankton Composition, from the 5th Division Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta, namely Chryshophyta, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta. The average phytoplankton abundance ranged from 20-72 cells/l, with an abundance of phytoplankton dominated Chryshophyta i.e. 42,66-2,66%. Judging from the average index of diversity IE 0-2.23; the uniformity that is 0-0.73; the dominance of 0 – 0.72; with saprobitas coefficients of phytoplankton ranges from 0.25 – 1.18 and average water quality index range 6.2466 – 63.6272; The result indicates the quality of the waters to provide moderate to very bad.

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Use of GIS in Hydrogeochemical Study and Quality Status From Pudukkottai District, Tamil Nadu, India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-577840/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muruganantham Arumugam ◽

Sivakumar Karthikeyan ◽

Prabakaran Kulandaisamy ◽

Kongeswaran Thangaraj ◽

Venkatramanan Senapathi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Sea Water ◽

Sustainable Growth ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Rock Water Interaction ◽

Groundwater Samples

Abstract This study focused on hydrogeochemical characterisation and groundwater quality deterioration based on drinking, irrigation purposes in Pudukottai district. Eighty-seven groundwater samples were collected from the bore and dug wells during pre and post monsoon seasons in the year 2019. The order of mean abundance of ions is followed as C l > HCO3 > Na > SO4 > Mg > Ca > K (325.5 > 182.2 > 181.4 > 83.2 > 51.1 > 35.8> 9.1 > 8.6 > o.9 > 0.3) and Cl > Na > HCO3 > SO4 > Mg > Ca > K (415.7 > 230.3 > 198.2 > 82.9 > 53.8 > 43.4 > 14.9) in both seasons. Analytical results are used in Piper, Gibbs, Na% vs. EC, USSL, and PI to evaluate the hydrogeochemical processes. Rock water interaction and evaporation processes causing variations in hydrogeochemistry of the study area during pre and postmonsoon. Nearly 15 % of the groundwater samples were not permissible for drinking based on the standard, which is distributed in south eastern region of the study area. It is revealed from Na%, SAR, RSC, MgC and KR results that majority of the groundwater samples are fit for irrigation uses. The higher concentration of EC, TDS, Cl and Na values noted in south region due to the sea water intrusion that attributed by excess pumping in the coastal regions. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) and irrigation water quality index (IRWQI) are calculated to identify the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. However, this research concludes that the groundwater quality of maximum part in the district is appropriate for drinking as well as agriculture which can be used for the sustainable growth. It is also recommended implementing the artificial recharge techniques to improve the groundwater quality.

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