From an idea to a recycling industry

Linnaeus Eco-Tech ◽

10.15626/eco-tech.1997.001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

Leif Jilken

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Conservation Of Resources ◽

Normal Range ◽

Recycling Industry ◽

Industrial Companies ◽

Noise Barrier ◽

Recycled Plastics ◽

Plastics Industry ◽

Recycled Material

Plastic waste from industrial companies and commerce constitutes a considerable potential for recovery and conservation of resources. But there are hundreds of different sorts of plastic, in other words, plastic waste is a problem due to its heterogenous nature. The possibility of manufacturing commmercially saleable products from unwashed recycled plastics has been very restricted. For its normal range of products, the plastics industry has required absolutely pure raw materials and it has not been economically justifiable to wash and to produce this from recycled material. By adding organic fibres, such as short woodfibres, with the mixed recycled termoplastics, a composite material POLYWOOD is produced. The granulate mixture is extruded to different profiles, called POLYPLANK, that can be handle like wood but which withstands rot, moisture, soil, etc.and is completely recyclable several times. Polyplank are used for manufacturing of noise barrier sections, recycling yard enclosures, interior fittings in animal boxes etc

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Preparation and Characterization of Bio-Degradable Plastic from Banana Kepok Peel Waste

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.981.132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 981 ◽

pp. 132-137

Author(s):

Suharno Rusdi ◽

Ridwan A. Destian ◽

Fitratur Rahman ◽

Achmad Chafidz

Keyword(s):

Water Resistance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Human Life ◽

Base Material ◽

High Water ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Recycled Plastics ◽

Almost All

Everyday human life cannot be separated from plastic. Almost all objects that are around us are made of plastic. In general, plastics are non-biodegradable, causing environmental problems caused by the increased volume of plastic waste. One way to overcome this is by recycling existing plastic waste. But the use of recycled plastics is very limited and considered inefficient because the process is more difficult and processing is more expensive than buying new plastic raw materials. Another alternative is to use bioplastics or biodegradable plastic. This plastic is more environmentally friendly because it is biodegradable or easily decomposed by microorganisms. Basically, bioplastics can be made from vegetable starches. In this study we will use starch extracted from banana peel waste as a base material for making bioplastics. In this research, glycerin which is used as a bioplastic adhesive or plasticizer will be used. Whether or not bioplastics depend on the resistance to water, the attractiveness of the bioplastics, the ability of the plastic to be decomposed by microorganisms. From this research, it is expected to produce bioplastics with high water resistance and high tensile strength and easy to decompose microorganisms.

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The Management of Agriculture Plastic Waste in the Framework of Circular Economy. Case of the Almeria Greenhouse (Spain)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182212042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 12042

Author(s):

Francisco José Castillo-Díaz ◽

Luis Jesús Belmonte-Ureña ◽

Francisco Camacho-Ferre ◽

Julio César Tello-Marquina

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Intensive Agriculture ◽

The European Union ◽

Current Management ◽

Recycled Plastics ◽

Petroleum Derivatives ◽

Approximate Treatment

In recent decades, ecosystems have suffered diverse environmental impacts caused by anthropogenic activities, including the dumping of plastic waste. This situation has prompted the European Union to introduce a new policy based on the circular economy. In this study, the present state and future perspectives on the generation and treatment of plastic waste in the intensive agriculture of Almeria (Spain) are analyzed. This activity generates 1503.6 kg·ha−1·year−1, on average, of plastic waste with an approximate treatment cost of 0.25 €/kg. The present study shows that the volume of plastic waste from intensive agriculture in Almeria is constantly increasing (48,948.2 tons in 2020/21) and it is suggested that the current management system does not meet the needs of the sector. Although it presents great opportunities for improvement under the framework of the circular economy. Furthermore, this work reports a direct relationship between the price of the raw materials needed for the production of plastic and the volume of recycled plastics. For this reason, it would be advisable for the administration to consider the implementation of a tax rebate system for the sector and specifically when the petroleum derivatives used to manufacture plastic are less expensive, and the recycling option is not so attractive.

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The USA plastics recycling industry: a survey of manufacturers and vendors of recycled plastic products

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s037689299900017x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 125-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

CONSTANTINE HADJILAMBRINOS

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Early Years ◽

Recycling Industry ◽

Plastics Recycling ◽

The Usa ◽

Recycled Plastics ◽

Plastic Products ◽

Considerable Experience

Despite efforts spanning more than a decade, plastics continue to be the least recycled component of the USA's municipal waste stream. This study addresses a significant gap in knowledge about the operation of the plastics recycling market by investigating and analysing the characteristics and experiences of manufacturers and vendors of consumer products with recycled plastics content.The study collected information through a survey of this segment of the USA's plastics recycling industry. The analysis of this information confirmed that the industry, as a whole, is young. Nevertheless, it offers a very wide variety of products. These face stiff competition from virgin resin plastic products, or from other virgin competing materials such as wood and cotton. Recycled plastic products are often more expensive than their competitors. Some manufacturers and vendors, especially the younger ones, addressed this problem by finding a niche market with consumers who are willing to pay a premium for environmentally friendly products. On the other hand, companies whose products are successfully competing against virgin products are more likely to have operated longer, to be vertically integrated (producing raw materials and consumer products), and to be more diversified in the number of resins they handle.Manufacturers and vendors of recycled plastic products in the USA have gained considerable experience since the early years of plastics recycling. Nonetheless, they continue to face some serious challenges. Operators of materials recovery facilities that process PCR have an important role to play in supporting the industry by improving the quality of their product (i.e. PCR). However, the most important factor for securing continued growth of the industry is the expansion of markets for the industry's products. The responses to the survey indicate that, while there are actions that manufacturers and vendors can take to increase their chances of success, the effect of government policy remains overwhelming. Policymakers can facilitate growth in plastics recycling by stepping up their efforts to implement effective demand-side policies and by adopting policies to internalize the environmental and social externalities of plastics manufacturing and use.

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Material Value Conservation: Development of Design Criteria for Rigid Plastic Packaging

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.936.110 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 936 ◽

pp. 110-115

Author(s):

Djoko Sihono Gabriel ◽

Muhammad Habiburrahman ◽

Palito J. Endthen

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Design Criteria ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Rigid Plastic ◽

Plastic Packaging ◽

Packaging Design ◽

Recycling Industry ◽

Plastic Recycling ◽

Printing Ink

Inappropriate plastic packaging design with excessive use of color and printing ink affected to the high cost of sorting, separation and cleaning, and low acceptance level of plastic waste for secondary recycling. This research proposed design for material value conservation which elaborated with a set of design criteria for rigid plastic packaging production as key solution in avoiding value degradation of the plastic waste. The existing design criteria of products have various approach which affected on how to manage abundant plastic waste with no or very low value of materials that has been generated by daily consumption of plastic packaging. Otherwise, the proposed design criteria conserve the material value systematically which make the post use materials of plastic packaging more financially feasible as raw materials in plastic recycling industry. Widespread implementation of the new design criteria in industry will generate broader impact and more benefits in economic, social and environment, especially for countries or regions with high density of people and high consumption rate of conserved products.

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Economic and environmental side of the use of biotechnologies Case Study: Synthesis of some bioplastics from algae

Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia ◽

10.2478/stcb-2019-0011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (42) ◽

pp. 131-136

Author(s):

Abeer Naesa ◽

Reabal Mona ◽

Ahmad Ibrahim Kara-Ali ◽

Hussam Eddin Laika

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Biodegradable Plastics ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Raw Material ◽

Alkaline Water ◽

The Cost ◽

Plastics Industry

Abstract Disposal of plastic waste is a serious problem, because plastics accumulate in the environment and cause significant pollution due to their degradability. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to reach the biodegradable plastics industry as alternatives to non-biodegradable plastics. And the existence of such biodegradable plastic must contribute in reducing the emission of harmful greenhouse gases and keeps the environment clean, and reduces the cost for pollution from the accumulation of plastic waste. Algae was used as a raw material for the production of bio-plastics because of its unique properties such as it grows rapidly and in large quantities at a low cost and grows in a variety of water environments throughout the year, which means that there is no risk in the difficulty of securing the raw materials needed for the production of bio-plastics The study concluded that the tested samples partially decomposed in fresh and alkaline water during a period of 26 days, which means a high dependence on algae to the production of bio plastics as an environmentally friendly industry.

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Pretreatment of Plastic Waste: Removal of Colorants from HDPE Using Biosolvents

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules27010098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Ana M. Ferreira ◽

Isa Sucena ◽

Vanessa Otero ◽

Eva Mariasole Angelin ◽

Maria João Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Secondary Source ◽

Lower Grade ◽

Recycling Process ◽

Oh Groups ◽

Wide Range ◽

Plastic Matrix ◽

Recycled Material

Plastics recycling remains a challenge due to the relatively low quality of the recycled material, since most of the developed recycling processes cannot deal with the additives present in the plastic matrix, so the recycled products end up in lower-grade applications. The application of volatile organic solvents for additives removal is the preferred choice. In this study, pretreatment of plastic packaging waste to remove additives using biosolvents was investigated. The plastic waste used was high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with blue and orange colorants (pigment and/or dye). The first step was to identify the type of colorants present in the HDPE, and we found that both plastics presented only one colorant that was actually a pigment. Then, limonene, a renewable solvent, was used to solubilize HDPE. After HDPE dissolution, a wide range of alcohols (mono-, di-, and tri-alcohols) was evaluated as antisolvents in order to selectively precipitate the polymer and maximize its purity. The use of limonene as solvent for plastic dissolution, in combination with poly-alcohols with an intermediate alkyl chain length and a large number of hydroxyl (OH) groups, was found to work best as an antisolvent (1,2,3-propanetriol and 1,2,4-butanetriol), leading to a removal of up to 94% and 100% of the blue and orange pigments, respectively. Finally, three cycles of extraction were carried out, proving the capability of the solvent and antisolvent to be recovered and reused, ensuring the economic viability and sustainability of the process. This pretreatment provides a secondary source of raw materials and revenue for the recycling process, which may lead to an increase in the quality of recycled polymers, contributing to the development of an economical and sustainable recycling process.

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Sigilo no fim da cadeia de reciclagem: A reciclagem de resíduos plásticos em Surabaya, Indonésia

ILUMINURAS ◽

10.22456/1984-1191.108027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (55) ◽

Author(s):

Freek Colombijn

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Value Chain ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Recycling Industry ◽

Short Run ◽

Recycled Plastics ◽

Waste Pickers

Resumo: A reciclagem de plásticos é um processo distribuído ao longo de uma extensa cadeia ("chain", no jargão em inglês) de abastecimento de reciclagem. O estigma negativo associado ao plástico reciclado, na Indonésia, é dirigido das fábricas para os catadores, negociantes de lixo e trituradores que trabalham manualmente os resíduos a partir dos quais o plástico reciclado é selecionado. O afastamento da fonte não só permite que as fábricas se livrem desse estigma de trabalhar com o lixo, como também que se distanciem do que se passa anteriormente na cadeia de abastecimento. Não são responsabilizados por uma possível má gestão ambiental ou social na separação dos resíduos de plástico. As fábricas, no entanto, conseguem manter o controlo sobre esta cadeia de abastecimento, estabelecendo normas para os materiais que aceitam. As fábricas têm o poder de declarar que fornecedor está de acordo com as normas e qual o que não está.Palavras-chave: reciclagem. cadeia de valor. cadeia de abastecimento. resíduos plásticos. Indonésia. produção de plásticos reciclados SECRECY AT THE END OF THE RECYCLING CHAIN: THE RECYCLING OF PLASTIC WASTE IN SURABAYA, INDONESIA Abstract: The aim of this article is to address the question: Why companies which produce or use pellets made from recycled plastics choose a strategic invisibility for their activities. The recycling of plastics is a process spread over an extended recycling supply chain. The negative stigma associated with recycled plastic in Indonesia is directed away from the factories towards the waste-pickers, junk-dealers and grinders who work the waste manually from which the recycled plastic is selected. Their remoteness from the source not only allows the factories to shake off the opprobrium of working with waste, they can also distance themselves from what goes on earlier in the supply chain. They are not held accountable for possible environmental or social mismanagement in the sorting of plastic waste. The factories, nevertheless, manage to maintain control over this supply chain by setting standards for the materials they accept. The factories have the power to declare which supplier is up to standard and which is not and have the alternative of opting for virgin plastic made from mineral oil, which keeps prices of recycled plastic low. This conspicuous invisibility is convenient for all involved in the recycling industry in the short run, but more openness would be better for all sides.Keywords: recycling. value chain. supply chain. plastic waste. Indonesia. production of recycled plastics

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Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Efficiency from Industry of Plastic Waste Recycling

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202020206015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 202 ◽

pp. 06015

Author(s):

Vita Rosmiati ◽

Hadiyanto

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Recycling Industry ◽

Plastic Recycling ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Plastic Waste Recycling ◽

Plastic Pellets

The high use of plastic products is currently causing uncontrolled accumulation of plastic waste so that an effort is needed to minimize the negative impacts caused to the environment. One of the appropriate efforts in processing plastic waste is recycling to produce a variety of useful products. Each stage of the process in managing plastic waste recycling starts from collecting raw materials to producing a new product for consumers requiring energy that can be calculated and analyzed for their impact on the environment using the LCA method. From this study can be concluded that the plastic recycling industry as one of the efforts in reducing the generation of plastic waste to the environment consists of 3 (three) main stages, namely the stages of enumeration, the distribution of raw materials and the stages of production of plastic pellets. The environmental burden analyzed includes the production process of recycling plastic waste to produce an output in the form of 1 ton of plastic where the total GHG emissions generated are 2.36E + 03 kg CO2 eq, with details of the potential contribution to global warming of 1.30E + 02 kg CO2 eq at the stage enumeration, 3.52E + 01 kg CO2 eq at the distribution stage and 2.15E + 00 kg CO2 eq at the plastic pellets production stage. The efficiency of plastic seed products in this study showed a good result, where the NEV and NER values of the recycled plastic pellets products were 39664.1 MJ and 2.11 MJ.

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