The USA plastics recycling industry: a survey of manufacturers and vendors of recycled plastic products

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
CONSTANTINE HADJILAMBRINOS
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Plastics Recycling ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Recycled Plastics ◽  
Plastic Products ◽  
Considerable Experience

Despite efforts spanning more than a decade, plastics continue to be the least recycled component of the USA's municipal waste stream. This study addresses a significant gap in knowledge about the operation of the plastics recycling market by investigating and analysing the characteristics and experiences of manufacturers and vendors of consumer products with recycled plastics content.The study collected information through a survey of this segment of the USA's plastics recycling industry. The analysis of this information confirmed that the industry, as a whole, is young. Nevertheless, it offers a very wide variety of products. These face stiff competition from virgin resin plastic products, or from other virgin competing materials such as wood and cotton. Recycled plastic products are often more expensive than their competitors. Some manufacturers and vendors, especially the younger ones, addressed this problem by finding a niche market with consumers who are willing to pay a premium for environmentally friendly products. On the other hand, companies whose products are successfully competing against virgin products are more likely to have operated longer, to be vertically integrated (producing raw materials and consumer products), and to be more diversified in the number of resins they handle.Manufacturers and vendors of recycled plastic products in the USA have gained considerable experience since the early years of plastics recycling. Nonetheless, they continue to face some serious challenges. Operators of materials recovery facilities that process PCR have an important role to play in supporting the industry by improving the quality of their product (i.e. PCR). However, the most important factor for securing continued growth of the industry is the expansion of markets for the industry's products. The responses to the survey indicate that, while there are actions that manufacturers and vendors can take to increase their chances of success, the effect of government policy remains overwhelming. Policymakers can facilitate growth in plastics recycling by stepping up their efforts to implement effective demand-side policies and by adopting policies to internalize the environmental and social externalities of plastics manufacturing and use.

scholarly journals From an idea to a recycling industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Leif Jilken
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Noise Barrier ◽  
Recycled Plastics ◽  
Plastics Industry ◽  
Recycled Material

Plastic waste from industrial companies and commerce constitutes a considerable potential for recovery and conservation of resources. But there are hundreds of different sorts of plastic, in other words, plastic waste is a problem due to its heterogenous nature. The possibility of manufacturing commmercially saleable products from unwashed recycled plastics has been very restricted. For its normal range of products, the plastics industry has required absolutely pure raw materials and it has not been economically justifiable to wash and to produce this from recycled material. By adding organic fibres, such as short woodfibres, with the mixed recycled termoplastics, a composite material POLYWOOD is produced. The granulate mixture is extruded to different profiles, called POLYPLANK, that can be handle like wood but which withstands rot, moisture, soil, etc.and is completely recyclable several times. Polyplank are used for manufacturing of noise barrier sections, recycling yard enclosures, interior fittings in animal boxes etc

scholarly journals TREND DESAIN FURNITUR : Pemakai, Nilai Ekonomis, dan Pengembangannya

CORAK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herry Puji Harto
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Furniture Design ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Innovative Capabilities ◽  
Materials Used

The presence of works supportedby adequate capabilities and skills, and supportedby a creative and innovative capabilities, they create works that can meet the demands of thematerial quality, product quality, management quality, and quality of service, and has acomparative advantage, have traits, character and special identity, so that its presence cancompete with other products, and are required to have a new value on creative efforts and aninnovative, so as to reflect the life of the nation that is democratic and accommodatingtowards changes and new developments.Furniture has an important role for the Indonesian economy, but to rely on laborintensiveindustries and is able to give and donate foreign exchange earnings from the exportvalue. Furniture industry highly viscous his Indonesiaan, where the raw materials used bearsalof local natural resources that should be developed., The Indonesian furniture products will bemore competitive and attractive to the world market.Trend furniture design can provide insight into the dynamic neighbor design andfurniture design that can not be separated from the user aspect, sociological relations, marketrelations and cultural trend that developed in the community.Keywords: furniture design trends, economic value, consumer products, design development. Kehadiran karya yang didukung oleh kemampuan dan ketrampilan yang memadai,serta didukung oleh kemampuan yang kreatif dan inovatif, maka tercipta karya yang dapatmemenuhi tuntutan mutu bahan, mutu produk, mutu pengelolaan, dan mutu layanan, danmempunyai keunggulan komparatif, memiliki ciri, karakter dan identitas khusus, sehinggakehadirannya dapat bersaing dengan produk yang lain, dan dituntut memiliki nilai baru atasusaha kreatif dan inovatf, sehingga dapat mencerminkan kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegarayang demokratis dan akomodatif menuju perubahan dan perkembangan baru.Furnitur mempunyai peran yang penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia, selainmengandalkan industri padat karya dan mampu memberikan dan menyumbangkanpenghasilan devisa dari nilai eksport. Industri furnitur yang sangat kental ke-Indonesiaan nya,di mana bahan baku yang digunakan bearsal dari sumber daya alam lokal yang patutdikembangkan., maka produk furnitur Indonesia akan semakin kompetitif dan menarik bagipasar dunia.Trend desain furnitur dapat memberikan pemahaman tetang dinamisasi desain dandesain furnitur yang tidak dapat lepas dari aspek pemakai, relasi sosiologis, hubungan pasardan kecenderungan budaya yang berkembang di masyarakat.Kata kunci: tren desain furnitur, nilai ekonomi, pemakai produk, pengembangan desain.

scholarly journals I farmaci “generici” in Italia: opportunità di ricerca e sviluppo di prodotti di qualità a prezzi competitivi

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Mario Eandi ◽  
Carlo Della Pepa
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
New Drug ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One

Every drug whose copyright coverage has expired can be manufactured by a pharmaceutical company other than the one that developed it, giving rise to the market of the so-called generic drugs. It can be distinguished among two types of generic drugs: branded and unbranded, according to the choice of the manufacturer to assign it a fantasy name or to sell it with the name of the active principle, followed by the company’s name. In order to be accepted for marketing, every new drug has to pass the registration procedures of the Italian Ministry of Health, which are simplified for generics, as it’s sufficient to demonstrate the bioequivalence, considered a reliable proxy of therapeutic equivalence, of the new drug with the standard formulations it copies. The bioequivalence of two drugs depends on various parameters, related to the quality of the raw materials employed and the industrial processes they go through. There are several ways of assessing the equivalence between pharmaceutical products, and it is important the registration studies are conducted following strict rules, in order to guarantee the quality of generics, fundamental for achieving the trust of health operators and patients. The reason to be of generic drugs is essentially economic, as they bare no therapeutic innovation, and their introduction is mainly aimed to contain drug expenditures and to facilitate a competitive market, but to do so, they need to be widely accepted by the medical community and the population. In Italy, the market of generic drugs is very young and relatively underdeveloped if compared to what is observed in other industrialized countries such as the USA, Germany or UK, but it has a good expansion potential, as it also represents a chance for quality enhancement for the Italian pharmaceutical industry.

Effect of new dietary supplement on sperm quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (45) ◽  
pp. 1787-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Horváth ◽  
Endre Czeizel
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Treatments

Introduction: There is a decline in male fertility thus new treatments are needed. Aims: To test the efficacy of a new dietary supplement developed in the USA and registered as a curing drug in Hungary (OGYI). Methods: In a clinical trial 100 men with low sperm quality (spermium count 5–20 M/ml, good motility 10–40%, and adverse shape 30–50%) were examined. Results: Sperm parameters were measured before and after a 3-month treatment and after another 3-month without treatment. This dietary supplement statistically and clinically significantly improved sperm count and motility. In 74 cases this dietary supplement demonstrated a beneficial effect on sperm quality (more than 10% increase in sperm count, or quality of motility, or shape); in 16 cases the improvement exceeded 30%. No adverse effect could be accounted for this treatment. Conclusions: This new dietary supplement may contribute to the treatment of male infertility. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1787–1792.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MAKANAN KHAS KOTA CURUP KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onsardi Onsardi
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The title of this study is the Strategy of Increasing Consumer Food Loyalty in CurupCity, Rejang Lebong Regency (Case Study in "Henvian" Typical Food Industry). Thisresearch is based on the importance of strategies in increasing business and consumerloyalty to products sold.Strategies to increase business and consumer loyalty can bedone with a SWOT analysis. Place of this research is the "Henvian" shop that sellstypical Rejang lebong food. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative.Informants in this study were people who were considered to know for certain about theHENVIAN Specialty Food Store in Curup City, Rejang Lebong Regency. The dataanalysis technique used in this study is a SWOT analysis to determine the strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a typical Rejang Lebong food business.By using SWOT analysis techniques that consist of strengths (weakness), weaknesses(weakness), opportunities (opportnity) and threats (threath). The results of this studycan be concluded that the internal factors that are the strength of the marketing strategyare the quality of the product that is good at a price affordable to the public andtourists, service that is friendly and responsive to consumer needs, as well astechnological advancements that facilitate the promotion of business. Internal factorsthat are a weakness are often lack of stock, there are some products that do not meet thestandard packaging, the product shelf life is short, employees do not use uniforms.External factors that become opportunities are a fairly high economic community,abundant raw materials while external factors that are a threat are the manycompetitors, an unstable economy, the price of basic needs increases. Based on theresults of the SWOT analysis of internal and external factors, the strategy used is toimprove product quality by improving the appearance of packaging and quality ofcontent and quality of service by providing uniforms to employees and providingstandards of service to consumers. .Keywords: Strategy, Consumer Loyalty, SWOT

Change of quality indexes of premixes in the storage process

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Oksana Bitlian ◽  
Oksana Kravchenko ◽  
Tetiana Kodak ◽  
Andrii Onyshchenko ◽  
Tetiana Konks
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Storage Process ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Qualitative Responses ◽  
Chelating Compounds ◽  
Quality Indexes

The analysis of literature sources shows that the type and material from which the packaging is made has an important place in the system of factors which influence on the storage of feed products and also prevents reducing the quality of raw materials and finished products. Therefore, the purpose of our research is the technological justification of changing the quality indexes of premix samples with salts of trace elements of different chemical nature in the process of storage. For the solution of the tasks, common zootechnical and statistical methods of the research were used. The use of premixes in feeding pigs is based on the fact that they should be used taking into account the biogeochemical properties of the region for which they are calculated. Foods depending on regional properties have a special biochemical composition and excess or lack of individual substances should be offset by the composition of premix. Ignoring this provision necessarily leads to the inappropriate use of BAR, the misbalance of the diet in relation to the physiological needs and inefficiency of the industry. In turn, it requires the purchase and conservation of products for the period of use. Various chemical structures and structures of BAR during the storage process react differently and change qualitative indexes, which leads to a decrease in the productive activity of active substances. It was determined that the humidity of premixes varied within the limits of 12.0-13.0 %, which exceeded the normative, but was not critical, the highest acidity had premix with sulfuric acid salts (6.9 units), the least - premix with lysates (5.7 unit). According to the results of the study, positive qualitative responses were found for the presence of vitamins A, D and B2, macro- and micronutrients: potassium, magnesium, copper, zinc, cobalt, iodine. The above facts of changes in the properties of premixes in the process of storage must be taken into account when providing technological bases for feeding pigs in order to obtain high gains and the quality of manufactured products. Key words: premix, micro-and macro elements, combined fodders, fodder mixes, chelating compounds, feeding, using, pigs' livestock.

Оrganic Meat Production of Broiler Chickens Hubbard Redbro Cross

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of studying the impact of housing and feeding conditions on broiler chickens of Hubbard RedBro cross, as well as the quality of products obtained when using floor and cage content, in a farm. It established that when receiving a mixed feed of own production using feed raw materials grown on a farm without the use of pesticides, a statistically significant decrease in potentially dangerous substances for animal health is recorded. Compared with factory feed, it has reduced the content of pesticides by 14 times, and mercury and arsenic by 24 times, cadmium by five times, and lead by ten times. The results of the study of economic indicators of growing Hubbard RedBro cross broiler chickens, as well as the chemical composition and quality of carcasses, indicated that there was no significant difference between the floor and cell conditions of keeping. Still, the use of a diet based on eco-feeds contributed to a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of toxic metals in the muscles of the poultry of the experimental groups. As a result, it found that the use of the studied compound feed in the diets of broiler chickens increased the indicators of Biosafety and ensured the production of environmentally safe ("organic") poultry meat products.

Impact of Raw Materials and Processing Techniques on The Microbiological Quality of Egyptian Domiati Cheese

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Yeast

Domiati cheese is the most popular brand of cheese ripened in brine in the Middle East in terms of consumed quantities. This study was performed to investigate the impact of the microbiological quality of the used raw materials, the applied traditional processing techniques and ripening period on the quality and safety of the produced cheese. Three hundred random composite samples were collected from three factories at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Collected samples represent twenty-five each of: raw milk, table salt, calf rennet, microbial rennet, water, environmental air, whey, fresh cheese, ripened cheese & swabs from: worker hands; cheese molds and utensils; tanks. All samples were examined microbiologically for Standard Plate Count (SPC), coliforms count, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) count, total yeast & mould count, presence of E. coli, Salmonellae and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The mean value of SPC, coliforms, S. aureus and total yeast & mould counts ranged from (79×102 CFU/m3 for air to 13×108 CFU/g for fresh cheese), (7×102 MPN/ cm2 for tank swabs to 80×106 MPN/ml for raw milk), (9×102 CFU/g for salt to 69×106 CFU/g for fresh cheese) and (2×102 CFU/cm2 for hand swabs to 60×104 CFU/g for fresh cheese), respectively. Whereas, E. coli, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes failed to be detected in all examined samples. There were significant differences in all determined microbiological parameters (p ≤0.05) between fresh and ripened cheese which may be attributed to different adverse conditions such as water activity, pH, salt content and temperature carried out to improve the quality of the product.

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