scholarly journals The future of local waste material utilization in distributed energy production in Finland

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Mika Horttanainen ◽  
Mika Luoranen ◽  
Niko Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
First Case ◽  
Break Even Point

A very small part of waste management has been carried out by incineration in Finland.About 300 kt of waste is incinerated or burned with other fuels. Waste materials have beenused in energy production mostly as co-combustion fuels at several energy production plants.The waste incineration directive of the European Union sets tight regulations for the emissionlimits, their measurements, as well as for temperature and residence time conditions in thefurnace. The costs of solid recovered fuel (SRF) utilization will increase remarkablyespecially in small heating plants because of these demands.In this study we focus on the preconditions for the utilization of local waste materials indistributed energy production. We introduce two different cases where a fuel produced fromlocal waste materials is used in small-scale energy production (<l 0 MW). The first caseincludes an existing 3.5 MW district heating boiler which has used SRF with biofuels forseveral years with good experiences and low emissions. The fraction of SRF is only about I 0% of the total fuel. The second case is based on package and construction waste collectedfrom the economic area of about 75 000 people. It was assumed that the technology of thenew heating plant would not have to differ a lot from the modem biofuel-using plant becauseof the good SRF quality. The amount of the waste-derived fuel is 10 000 Ua.In the first case the continuation of the energy use of waste would cause at least a 38 % rise tothe waste management fee. In the second case the investment and operation costs could becovered without a gate-fee if the owner of the plant (e.g. a sawmill) could save about 25€/MWh (approximate price of heat for customer) in the purchase costs of heat for their ownconsumption. If the plant could sell the heat to the district heating network with the price of15.5 €/MWh, the gate-fee would be about 38 €/t at the break-even point, which is the same asthe gate-fee of the energy waste at the moment.

scholarly journals Stan i prognoza rozwoju systemu gospodarki odpadami w Europie i USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-123
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Biernat ◽  
Paulina Luiza Dziołak ◽  
Izabela Samson-Bręk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World

This article presents waste management in the world and in some highly developed countries in the European Union such as Germany, Netherlands, and Sweden. The article presented also waste management systems in these countries, with special attention to the processes of energy use of waste (Waste to Energy - WTE) in existing plants.

scholarly journals Renewable energy development in Hungary

2012 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Orsolya Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Renewable Energy Development

Due to the exhaustion of the fossile fuel reserves of the Earth, the increase of fossile fuel prices and the difficulties concerning stable fuel supply, the increase of electricity production from renewable energy sources has a special strategic importance. In this study, I am going to evaluate the circumstances of the production and use of renewable energy sources in Hungary and in the European Union. I present the Hungarian economic, energy policy-related and social circumstances which make it necessary to support renewable energy production. I am going to give an overview on the related EU strategies concerning the sector and the Hungarian development plan in this field. I pay particular attention to the examination of development opportunities and the R&D activities going on in this area in Hungary, as well as the efficiency of the means used to improve renewable energy use.

scholarly journals Expansion of the Waste-Based Commodity Frontier: Insights from Sweden and Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Gutberlet ◽  
Torleif Bramryd ◽  
Michael Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Global South ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
The Impact

Waste is a valuable commodity and remains a livelihood source for waste pickers in the global South. Waste to Energy (WtoE) is often described as alternative to landfilling, as it provides cheap fuel while making waste disappear. In some European cities, this method has evolved into an impediment, slowing down the adoption of more sustainable technologies and waste prevention. These plants typically strain municipal budgets and provide fewer jobs than recycling and composting, thereby inhibiting the development of small-scale local recycling businesses. We applied the idea of ‘waste regime’ with an interdisciplinary and situated lens to provide insights to the following questions: How do different political developments in Brazil and Sweden, frame and reframe waste incineration and energy recovery, in the context of sustainability and waste management on local, regional and national levels? What forms of resistance against WtoE exist and what are the arguments of these protagonists? We evaluated the impact of WtoE and compare it with other waste management options with regard to CO2 balances and general environmental and social impacts. We conclude by suggesting more socially and environmentally appropriate ways of waste management, particularly for the context of global South cities.

Utilization of Waste Materials from Industrial Processes of a Brazilian Sugarcane Mill for Energy Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 1082 ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
Ricardo Alan Verdú Ramos ◽  
Lucas Mendes Scarpin ◽  
Cassio Roberto Macedo Maia ◽  
Newton Luiz Dias Filho ◽  
Thiago Antonini Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
First Case ◽  
Economic Analyses

This work presents the thermodynamic, thermoeconomic, and economic analyses of utilization of waste materials from industrial processes of a modern Brazilian sugarcane mill (bagasse, straw and vinasse) for energy production. The first case considers a conventional steam thermal power plant constituted, among other equipment, by a steam boiler of high-pressure and high-temperature and by an extraction-condensation steam turbine, being all mechanical driving electrified, and using just bagasse as fuel. The second case considers a modified steam thermal power plant in which is incorporated systems to be possible the utilization of straw and vinasse as complementary fuel to bagasse by means of a combined cycle, with the addition of a gas turbine and a heat recovery steam generator, among other equipment.

scholarly journals PLASTIC POLLUTION IS ONE OF THE MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM OF HUMANITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
E. Mykhailova
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Waste Reuse ◽  
Management Hierarchy

Тhe article is devoted to the global environmental problem of plastic waste pollution. Now, about 9 billion tons of primary plastic have been produced. Of this amount, 6.3 billion tons is plastic waste, of which 9 % was recycled, 12 % incinerated, and 79 % accumulated in landfills or in the environment. The main feature of plastic materials is their stability. Once in the environment as waste, plastic can be in its original state for more than 450 years. The purpose of the article is to study the current state of production and use of plastics, as well as the field of plastic waste management; identification of perspective methods for solving the problem of plastic pollution. Plastics are organic macromolecular compounds that have high quality characteristics. Due to this, they became widespread. There are different types of plastics: thermoplastics, thermosets, foams and bioplastics. Currently, 40% of plastic is used once, after which it is discarded. Under the influence of various factors in the environment plastic slowly breaks down into small fragments, known as microplastics. Microplastic particles get into the soil, water, and through food chains can enter the human body. Potentially microplastics can negatively affect the human body. To solve the problem of accumulation of plastic waste in the environment, many countries around the world, including Ukraine, are implementing a waste management system based on the European waste management hierarchy. The hierarchy reflects five approaches to waste management: Removal (waste disposal and incineration without energy production), Recovery (waste incineration with energy production), Recycling (waste conversion into secondary raw materials for reuse), Reuse (waste reuse without recycling) and Prevention (waste amount minimization). Disposal is the least efficient way of waste management, and recycling and prevention are the most effective ways. Keywords: plastic, waste, pollution, environment, landfill, recycling.

scholarly journals Influence of legislative conditioned changes in waste management on economic viability of MSW-fuelled district heating system: Case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tihomir Tomic ◽  
Boris Cosic ◽  
Daniel Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Time Changes

District heating systems represents one of the ways by which the European Union is trying to reach set goals in energy efficiency and security field. These systems allow the use of different energy sources including local energy sources such as waste and biomass. This paper provides economic viability assessment of using these fuels in the district heating system. Economic evaluation is based on regression analysis from data of existing plants and on the locally dependent data. Some of parameters that are dependent of local parameters are price and available fuel quantity, therefore these values are separately modelled; biomass as a function of location of the plant while municipal waste as a function of location and the time changes in waste quantity and composition which depend of socio-economic trends and legislation. This methodology is applied on the case of district heating plants in the City of Zagreb where internal rates of return are calculated for four considered scenarios. Results indicate that waste powered plant can improve its profitability by co-combusting other local wastes while economic viability is achieved by introduction of region wide waste management system. Reducing plant capacity, based on prognosis of waste generation, showed that these plants can be competitive with biomass plants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Green Coffee-Roasting Biogas with Modeling Valorization of Possible Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 6947
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Campo ◽  
Alberto Cerutti ◽  
Marco Ravina ◽  
Deborah Panepinto ◽  
Vincenzo A. Riggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Valid Solution ◽  
Coffee Roasting

According to the European Union Directive 2009/28/EC, the goals of obtaining 20% of all energy requirements from renewable sources and a 20% reduction in primary energy use must be fulfilled by 2020. In this work, an evaluation was performed, from the environmental and energy point of view, of anaerobic digestion as a valid solution for the treatment of the byproducts obtained from the coffee-roasting process. In particular, thermophilic anaerobic digestion tests were carried out. Output values from the laboratory were used as input for the MCBioCH4 model to evaluate the produced flow of biogas and biomethane and two different biogas valorization alternatives, namely, the traditional exploitation of biogas for heat/energy production and biomethane conversion. The results of the preliminary simulation showed that a full-scale implementation of the coffee waste biogas production process is technically feasible and environmentally sustainable. Furthermore, the performed analysis validates a general methodology for energy production compatibility planning.

scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY JEWELRY DESIGNS WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (88) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
The People ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Production Stages

The negative effects of rapidly changing living standards in the world have become more visible in the last 10 years. The increase in production and consumption, depending on the main factor of the gradual increase in population, has expanded the framework of industrial areas. Increasing waste materials and depleted resources have begun to be dealt with within the waste management discipline. Sustainability is; It is interested in the characteristics of the measures that should be taken in a way that will not reduce the consumption and welfare levels of the people in the future compared to the present. These concepts, which offer positive concrete effects in the life processes of societies, act together; It has produced useful results with reuse, recycling and recovery methods. In this study, the usability of some solid waste materials in contemporary jewelry designs will be discussed in the upcycling process, which is evaluated within the scope of reuse. Since the beginning of the 1990s, pre- and post-production waste controls and recycling studies have been carried out in the jewelry sector, and sensitivity has been started to be increased. Along with the sector, the work carried out by contemporary jewelry designers at the level of global awareness is also geared towards sustainability. The designers preferred to use upcycling as a contribution to waste management -even on a small scale- in the materials, production methods and production stages to be used in their products. This attitude is related to the fact that waste materials evolve into a piece of jewelry other than their original use, and emerge directly as a design product. In addition, it has provided an effective popularity on the society in terms of environmental benefits and artistic features. Keywords: Contemporary, sustainable, waste, jewelry, design

Local Policy for a Protected Environmental Area Management: The Case of Limiting Motorized Vehicles in Park of Canigou in Pyrenées Orientales

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Local Levels

“We regard the recent science –based consensual reports that climate change is, to a large extend, caused by human activities that emit green houses as tenable, Such activities range from air traffic, with a global reach over industrial belts and urban conglomerations to local small, scale energy use for heating homes and mowing lawns. This means that effective climate strategies inevitably also require action all the way from global to local levels. Since the majority of those activities originate at the local level and involve individual action, however, climate strategies must literally begin at home to hit home.”

Implementaon of digital economy elements in electric power industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Filimonov ◽  
N. D. Chichirova ◽  
A. A. Chichirov ◽  
A. A. Filimonovа
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Automation Systems

Energy generation, along with other sectors of Russia’s economy, is on the cusp of the era of digital transformation. Modern IT solutions ensure the transition of industrial enterprises from automation and computerization, which used to be the targets of the second half of the last century, to digital enterprise concept 4.0. The international record of technological and structural solutions in digitization may be used in Russia’s energy sector to the full extent. Specifics of implementation of such systems in different countries are only determined by the level of economic development of each particular state and the attitude of public authorities as related to the necessity of creating conditions for implementation of the same. It is shown that a strong legislative framework is created in Russia for transition to the digital economy, with research and applied developments available that are up to the international level. The following digital economy elements may be used today at enterprises for production of electrical and thermal energy: — dealing with large amounts of data (including operations exercised via cloud services and distributed data bases); — development of small scale distributed generation and its dispatching; — implementation of smart elements in both electric power and heat supply networks; — development of production process automation systems, remote monitoring and predictive analytics; 3D-modeling of parts and elements; real time mathematic simulation with feedback in the form of control actions; — creating centres for analytical processing of statistic data and accounting in financial and economic activities with business analytics functions, with expansion of communication networks and computing capacities. Examples are presented for implementation of smart systems in energy production and distribution. It is stated in the paper that state-of art information technologies are currently being implemented in Russia, new unique digital transformation projects are being launched in major energy companies. Yet, what is required is large-scale and thorough digitization and controllable energy production system as a multi-factor business process will provide the optimum combination of efficient economic activities, reliability and safety of power supply.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document