The Effect of Hypothyroidism on Bone Loss at Dental Implants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon L Ursomanno ◽  
Robert E Cohen ◽  
Michael J Levine ◽  
Lisa Marie Yerke
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Radiographic Data ◽  
Thyroid Gland Activity ◽  
Rate Of Bone Loss ◽  
Reference Markers ◽  
Autoimmune Etiology

Hypothyroidism (HT) is an endocrine disorder characterized by abnormally reduced thyroid gland activity, and is most commonly of autoimmune etiology. HT is associated with alterations in bone metabolism, and HT patients typically experience decreased bone resorption. The objective of this study was to use dental implants as standardized reference markers to compare the extent of alveolar bone loss in implant patients with and without HT. We examined medical and dental history records, and radiographic data, from 635 patients receiving 1480 implants during 2000-2017. The rate of bone loss was calculated from differences in radiographic bone levels over time, corrected for radiographic distortion. Peri-implant bone loss from patients with HT was significantly lower than for those without HT (t 1252 = -3.42; 95% confidence interval= 0.47-1.73; P<0.001; M= 0.53 mm/yr and 1.63 mm/yr, respectively. A similar relationship persisted after excluding smokers and diabetics, and after additionally excluding those on systemic steroids, hormone replacement therapy, hormone medications, or autoimmune diseases other than HT.  Our data suggest that patients with HT have a decreased rate of bone loss around dental implants and may not be at increased risk for dental implant failure. The decreased bone metabolic rate among patients with HT might contribute to those findings.

scholarly journals MON-397 Potential Relationship Between Hypothyroidism and Bone Loss at Dental Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Marie Yerke ◽  
Robert E Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction: Hypothyroidism (HT) is an endocrine condition with autoimmune and inflammatory etiologies. Studies have shown that both periodontal disease and peri-implant bone loss are bidirectionally influenced by systemic inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes, adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.1 There also is evidence that HT is associated with decreased bone metabolism, depressed bone turnover, and a prolonged bone remodeling cycle.2 Consequently, the objective of this study was to determine if the severity of bone loss around dental implants is related to the presence of HT. Methods: Following IRB approval, medical, dental, and radiographic records of patients who received dental implant placement at a university-based postgraduate program in periodontics from 2000–2017 were reviewed (1480 implants; 635 patients). Rate of bone loss in mm/year was calculated from surgical implant placement and subsequent re-evaluation radiographs, with correction for radiographic distortion. Presence of HT was confirmed by review of patient medical records, clinical diagnosis of HT, and history of thyroid hormone supplementation. Populations were adjusted for smoking, diabetes, use of systemic steroids, presence of autoimmune disease (other than HT), and systemic inflammatory conditions. Calculations were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v25. Results: Patients with HT had a decreased rate of crestal alveolar bone loss around dental implants. Specifically, patients with HT experienced peri-implant bone loss at a rate of 0.42 mm/year, while bone loss from patients without HT was 1.34 mm/year (68.7% decrease; mean difference = 0.92 mm/year, 95% confidence interval = 0.39–1.50 mm/year, P<0.002). There were no significant differences in patient oral hygiene, or in implant service time, among any of the groups studied (P>0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that the rate of marginal alveolar bone loss at dental implants is significantly decreased in patients with HT, and occurs independently of any of the systemic conditions noted above. The findings imply that potential changes in bone metabolism and remodeling associated with HT might result in less peri-implant alveolar bone loss following implant placement surgery. As a result, there does not appear to be an increased risk of peri-implant crestal bone loss in patients with HT. References: 1Kim J., Amar S., Odontol. 94(1):10–21, 2006. 2Tuchendler D., and Bolanowski M.,Thyroid Res. 7:12, 2014.

scholarly journals Bone Loss around Dental Implants 5 Years after Implantation of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (HAp/βTCP) Granules

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadims Klimecs ◽  
Alexanders Grishulonoks ◽  
Ilze Salma ◽  
Laura Neimane ◽  
Janis Locs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Ceramic ◽  
Middle Point

Biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic granules (0.5–1.0 mm) with a hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate ratio of 90/10 were used. Biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic granules produced in the Riga Technical University, Riga Rudolph Cimdins Biomaterials Innovation and Development Centre, were used for filling the bone loss on 18 patients with peri-implantitis. After 5 years at the minimum, clinical and 3D cone-beam computed tomography control was done. Clinical situation confirmed good stability of implants without any signs of inflammation around. Radiodensity of the previous gap and alveolar bone horizontally from middle point of dental implants showed similar radiodensity as in normal alveolar bone. This trial is registered with ISRCTN13514478.

Clinical, Histomorphometric and Radiographic Evaluation of Dental Extraction Sockets Treated with Autologous Stem Cells

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 2398-2398
Author(s):  
André Pelegrini ◽  
Maria Elvira P Corrêa ◽  
Thiago Oliveira ◽  
Carmino De Souza ◽  
José Francisco Marques
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autologous Bone

Abstract Abstract 2398 Introduction: Autologous bone marrow has mesenchymals stem cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts. Therefore, the use of these cells in bone reconstruction therapy is becaming promising. Purpose: The first aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of autologous bone marrow graft aspirate containing mesenchymal stem cells in preserving the alveolar ridges following tooth extraction. A second aim was to clinically and radiographically evaluate the outcomes of dental implants installed in the healed sockets after one year in function. Methods: 13 healthy patients requiring upper anterior teeth extractions were enrolled in this study. They were randomized into two groups: Test group: 7 patients (n = 15 teeth); Control group: 6 patients (n = 15 teeth). 5 ml of autologous bone marrow from the iliac posterior crest were collected by haematologists immediately before the extractions and it was placed in alveolar sockets right after the teeth extractions in the test group. Nothing was grafted in the control sites. Following tooth extraction and evaluation of a buccal full-thickness flap, titanium screws were positioned throughout the buccal to the palatal plate and were used as reference points for measuring purposes. After 6 months, the sites were re-opened and bone loss measurements for thickness and height were taken. Additionally, prior to implant placement, bone cores were harvested and prepared for histologic and histomorphometric evaluation. Data of clinical probing and radiographic analysis were done in all sites after 1 year of follow up. Results: The test group had better results in preserving alveolar ridges for thickness showing 1.14+0.87mm of bone loss compared with the control group that showed 2.46+0.4mm (P<0.05). The test group showed also a less height of bone loss on the buccal plate, 0.62+0.51 and 1.17+0.26mm, respectively (P<0.05). Complimentary procedures were required before install the implants in five sites in the control group, but not, in the test group. The histomorphometric analysis showed similar amounts of mineralized bone in both control and test groups, 42.87+11.33% and 45.47+7.21% respectively (P>0,05). The results of 1 year clinical probing follow-up showed deeper probing depths around the control group dental implants when compared to the test group, 4.45+1.58mm and 3.78+1.58mm, respectively (P< 0,05). Radiographic analysis showed more marginal bone level loss in the control group when compared to test group, 3.44+3.39mm and 1.05+0.9mm, respectively (P<0,05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the autologous bone marrow graft can contribute to alveolar bone repair after tooth extraction and can also minimize the dental implants attachment loss. This study indicate that the participation of mesenchymal stem cell in the alveolar bone healing should be better understanding to explain this process of repairement. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals The Ovariectomized Rat as a Model for Studying Alveolar Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Johnston ◽  
Wendy E. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Postmenopausal Bone Loss ◽  
Ovariectomized Rat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tooth Retention

In postmenopausal women, reduced bone mineral density at the hip and spine is associated with an increased risk of tooth loss, possibly due to a loss of alveolar bone. In turn, having fewer natural teeth may lead to compromised food choices resulting in a poor diet that can contribute to chronic disease risk. The tight link between alveolar bone preservation, tooth retention, better nutritional status, and reduced risk of developing a chronic disease begins with the mitigation of postmenopausal bone loss. The ovariectomized rat, a widely used preclinical model for studying postmenopausal bone loss that mimics deterioration of bone tissue in the hip and spine, can also be used to study mineral and structural changes in alveolar bone to develop drug and/or dietary strategies aimed at tooth retention. This review discusses key findings from studies investigating mandible health and alveolar bone in the ovariectomized rat model. Considerations to maximize the benefits of this model are also included. These include the measurement techniques used, the age at ovariectomy, the duration that a rat is studied after ovariectomy and habitual diet consumed.

Microthreaded Implants and Crestal Bone Loss: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Al-Thobity ◽  
Ahmad Kutkut ◽  
Khalid Almas
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Crestal Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Level

This systematic literature review investigated the effect of microthreaded-neck dental implants on crestal bone loss. Using the participants, interventions, comparison groups, outcomes, and study design (PICO) system, we addressed the following focused question: Do microthreaded-neck dental implants positively affect the crestal bone level around dental implants? We searched 3 electronic databases to find articles published between January 1995 and June 2016 that contained any combination of the following keywords: dental implant, microthread, microthreaded, crestal bone level, crestal bone loss, and alveolar bone level. We excluded case reports, review articles, letters to the editor, commentaries, and articles published in a language other than English. We found a total of 70 articles. After eliminating duplicates and applying PICO eligibility criteria, we selected only articles that reported the results of randomized controlled trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies, case control studies, cross-sectional studies, or other types of clinical trials that compared the microthreaded implant design with other implant designs. We were left with 23 articles for review. The 23 articles reported crestal bone loss ranging from .05 mm to .9 mm, with a range of 12 to 96 months of follow-up. Less crestal bone was lost with dental implants that had a microthreaded neck design than with machined-surface or conventional rough-surface dental implants. Thus, microthreaded dental implants are a better choice than are implants with other designs. Future studies should use standardized imaging techniques to evaluate the placement of these implants in bone-augmented sites.

scholarly journals Is there a potential therapeutic value of copper and zinc for osteoporosis?

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola M Lowe ◽  
William D Fraser ◽  
Malcolm J Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Habitual Exercise ◽  
Post Menopause ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Rate Of Bone Loss

Osteoporosis is almost universal in very old age, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly of both sexes. Bone is lost at a rate of 0·2–0·5 %/year in both men and women after the age of 40–45 years. The causes of age-related changes in bone mass are multifactorial and include genetic predisposition, nutritional factors, endocrine changes, habitual exercise levels and body weight. Bone loss is accelerated to 2–5 % year immediately before and for up to 10 years post-menopause (Heaney, 1986). In women hormone-replacement therapy is effective in reducing the rate of bone loss caused by this peri-menopausal decrease in hormone levels (Smith & Studd, 1993); however, in men and older women (>10 years post-menopause) nutrition plays a key role in the rate of bone loss. One factor contributing to bone loss in the elderly may be a subclinical Zn and/or Cu deficiency, due to a reduced dietary intake of micronutrients and reduced absorption (Thomson & Keelan, 1986). Zn and Cu are essential cofactors for enzymes involved in the synthesis of various bone matrix constituents. Paradoxically, Ca supplementation may accentuate the problem of reduced Zn and Cu levels by impairing the absorption of simultaneously-ingested Zn and the retention of Cu (Snedeker et al. 1982; Grekas et al. 1988). The present paper will review the current literature on the potential benefits of Cu and Zn supplementation in reducing bone loss, and present new information on the effect of Ca supplementation on Zn and Cu status in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis.

Nuclear Medicine Techniques for the Detection of Active Alveolar Bone Loss

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Jeffcoat ◽  
R.C. Williams ◽  
M.L. Kaplan ◽  
P. Goldhaber
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Severe Periodontal Disease ◽  
Uptake Measurement ◽  
Rate Of Bone Loss

The use of bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake (BSRU) as an indicator of periodontal disease activity was assessed in untreated beagles with naturally occurring periodontal disease, and in beagles treated with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, flurbiprofen. In untreated beagles, a single uptake measurement was indicative of the rate of bone loss subsequently determined by sequential radiographs. Beagles treated with flurbiprofen demonstrated a significant decrease in rate of bone loss and a corresponding decrease in BSRU. Transfer of this technology to untreated human subjects with moderate to severe periodontal disease also showed a positive correlation between a single measurement of BSRU and the rate of bone loss determined from sequential radiographs. Analysis of these data shows that a single BSRU examination may be indicative of periodontal disease activity.

Low Skeletal Bone Mineral Density Does Not Affect Dental Implants

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouran Famili ◽  
Jennifer M. Zavoral
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Oral Bisphosphonates ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Skeletal Bone ◽  
Dxa Scans

The aim of this case-control study (n = 30) was to evaluate the effects of osteoporosis/osteopenia on the success of dental implants. Twenty healthy females ages 50–80 with confirmed osteoporosis or osteopenia, and 10 age- and gender-matched subjects with normal bone density (controls) received dental implants. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at 5 standard sites (total body, hip, spine [lateral and anterior-posterior] and radius) were measured at baseline and 24 months. Periapical and panoramic radiographs were taken at baseline before implant placement; 1 periapical radiograph was taken immediately after placement of the dental implant. Since implants are standard sizes, periapical bone loss was measured from the first implant thread to the level of alveolar bone at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months via 1 periapical radiograph. All subjects received implants of the same manufacturer (NobelBiocare). One subject was a smoker. Three subjects with osteoporosis had received prior treatment with Fosamax, 1 received Fortical, and 1 Forteo. In all 3, there was slight improvement in DXA after 24 months. All implants remained successful with no evidence of bone loss after 24 months. These investigators conclude that implants placed in individuals with confirmed skeletal osteoporosis can be successful, with no clinical differences to implants placed in healthy individuals. Although 3 subjects with osteoporosis had treatment with oral bisphosphonates, no side effects were noted and no bone necrosis of the jaw was observed. Further investigation with larger sample sizes and longer periods of time for treatment with oral bisphosphonates is recommended to confirm these results.

Third-Molar Status and Risk of Loss of Adjacent Second Molars

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452199065
Author(s):  
E. Kaye ◽  
B. Heaton ◽  
E.A. Aljoghaiman ◽  
A. Singhal ◽  
W. Sohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Correlated Data ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Increased Risk

The prophylactic removal of asymptomatic third molars is a common but controversial procedure often rationalized as necessary to prevent future disease on adjacent teeth. Our objective in this retrospective cohort study of adult men was to examine whether second-molar loss differed by baseline status of the adjacent third molar, taking into account the individual’s overall state of oral hygiene, caries, and periodontitis. We analyzed data from participants of the VA Dental Longitudinal Study who had at least 1 second molar present at baseline and 2 or more triennial dental examinations between 1969 and 2007. We classified second molars by third-molar status in the same quadrant: unerupted, erupted, or absent. Tooth loss and alveolar bone loss were confirmed radiographically. Caries and restorations, calculus, and probing depth were assessed on each tooth. We estimated the hazards of second-molar loss with proportional hazards regression models for correlated data, controlling for age, smoking, education, absence of the first molar, and whole-mouth indices of calculus, caries, and periodontitis. The analysis included 966 men and 3024 second molar/first molar pairs. Follow-up was 22 ± 11 y (median 24, range 3–38 y). At baseline, 163 third molars were unerupted, 990 were erupted, and 1871 were absent. The prevalence of periodontitis on the second molars did not differ by third-molar status. The prevalence of distal caries was highest on the second molars adjacent to the erupted third molars and lowest on the second molars adjacent to the unerupted third molars. Relative to the absent third molars, adjusted hazards of loss of second molars were not significantly increased for those adjacent to erupted (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79–1.16) or unerupted (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.91–1.73) third molars. We found similar results when using alveolar bone loss as the periodontitis indicator. Our findings suggest that retained third molars are not associated with an increased risk of second-molar loss in adult men.

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