PECULIARITIES OF NAKED OAT GRAIN AS A CEREAL CULTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
S. Sots ◽  
Y. Chumachenko ◽  
I. Kustov ◽  
Y. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Technological Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Naked Oats

Archaeological excavations show that oats were known as early as the Bronze Age, from about 1500-1700 BC. According to various historical data, the homeland of the oat culture forms is Southern Europe, Northeast China and Mongolia. The first archeological findings of oat grain were discovered in Germany and date back to the I-VI c. In Kievan Rus oats began to grow from about the VI. For many centuries, oats have been an important feed and foof grain,and with the beginning of the twentieth century there is an increase in its use in agriculture and processing. Widespread products of oat processing in different countries of the world are groats, cereals, flour and food bran, in addition to traditional products produce instant cereals, muesli, various intended semi-finished products. Oats are also widely used in other industries: it is additionally used in the production of beer, oat milk, ice cream, bread, cookies, baby food, etc. In Ukraine, oats are grown mainly as ancillary technical culture. The area of crops is from 5000 to 6000 km2. The main production is concentrated in Polissia and Forest-Steppe, mainly spring oats are grown, to a lesser extent semi-winter and winter forms. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the gross grain harvest in the last 5-7 years has increased and is at the level of 458 ... 616 thousand tons of grain per year. Over the past 20 years, oat production in Ukraine has been declining, due to the fact that most of it is grown for cereals, with a relatively small crop yield and high cultivation costs, even with the use of state-of-the-art agrotechnology. About 60,000 tonnes of oats are used annually to meet the needs of the domestic groats industry. Breeders have received new grains that have increased nutritional and technological value. Considering new varieties of oats, it is possible to distinguish naked forms of Avena nuda (naked oats). In the world, naked oats is a valuable crop that has a consistently high nutritional value that allows it to be used in various industries. This type of oat is derived by the method of individual selection from a cross-hybrid population. The variety of this oat is inermis, morphologically different from the hull varieties by the structure of the spikelets, which determines the peculiarities of its quantitative and qualitative indicators The peculiarity of naked oats is the absence of flower hulls firmly bound to the grain surface (20 ... 40% in oat hulled forms), which significantly improves its properties. The hulls in the naked varieties are soft, do not cover the grain very tightly and are almost completely separated in the process of grain harvesting and threshing.

EVALUATION OF NAKED OATS (Avena nuda) AS A FEEDINGSTUFF FOR LAYING HENS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. CAVE ◽  
R. M. G. HAMILTON ◽  
V. D. BURROWS
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Avena Nuda ◽  
Naked Oats

Two experiments were conducted with 640 and 480 White Leghorn strain-cross hens to determine the optimum level of inclusion of naked oats (Avena nuda L. 'Tibor') in diets fed for 51 wk. In exp. 1 oats from 2 crop years were substituted for corn and soybean meal at levels of 0, 300, 600 and 782 or 808 g kg−1 in isoenergetic and isolysinic diets. Egg yield (46.4 g d−1) and egg production (78.0% hen.day) were unchanged up to 600 g oats kg−1 but were 4 and 6% lower at the highest dietary levels due in part to a 4-d later sexual maturity. Egg weight was 2% greater in all oat diets than in the control diet. Feed utilized per gram egg was 4.7% lower at 600 g kg−1 than at 0 g oat kg−1 the other diets being intermediate. A difference between crop years was seen in a higher percent small grade eggs for 1985. Dietary treatments had no effect on feed utilized per egg laid, incidence of soft shell and cracked eggs or on final body weight. In exp. 2, naked oats with alfalfa meal and a vitamin-mineral premix were supplemented with canola meal or lysine plus methionine or not supplemented, to give dietary oat levels of 675, 874 and 876 g kg−1 for comparison with a control of 0 g kg−1. Supplementation with canola meal supported 3.5% higher egg yield and hen.day egg production than that with lysine plus methionine, whereas for both supplemented diets egg yield, hen.day percent egg production and egg weight, as indicated by distribution of eggs between size grades, were, respectively, 8, 6 and 1.7% greater and feed utilized per gram egg was 7% lower than for the supplemented naked oat diet. The corn-soy control diet differed from the amino-acid-supplemented diet only in a 4.9% greater feed utilization per gram egg. It was concluded that naked oats can replace corn and soybean meal in layer diets and that, with supplementation of canola meal or lysine plus methionine, oat levels up to, respectively, 675 and 874 g kg−1 diet can support satisfactory and efficient egg production. Key words: Oats naked, egg yield, egg weight, laying hen, canola

Influence of Plants Protection Means on the Productivity of Naked Oats Under the Conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
I.V. Mazurak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Yield Of Oats

The article presents the results of field research on the production of naked oats yields, depending on the means of plant protection under the conditions of the western forest-steppe of Ukraine. The object of research was the belligerent variety Avgol. The purpose of our research was to study the effects of various protection schemes to obtain the highest yield of oats. In the process of conducting research, the field method of research was used: - to determine the influence of the elements of cultivation technology. From the results of the research, it can be seen that the means of plant protection have an effect on the yield of naked oats. The smallest it was in the first variant with the introduction of the Granstar herbicide (25 g / ha) and was 4.87 t / ha. Intensification of cultivation technology with morphorigulator Stabilan (0.8 l / ha) yields of oats increased to 5.35 t / ha, which is 0.45 t / ha more than the previous one. The morphoregulator thickened the walls of the straw, reduced the height of the plants, and thus protected from falling. In the third variant (Granstar (25g / ha) + Stabilan (0.8l / ha) + Falcon fungicide (0.8 l / ha), the yield increase was 4.98 t / ha, and the growth to the first was 0.96 t / ha Fungicide Falcon protected crops of oats from the defeat of septoriosis, powdery mildew, spots in the phase of tubing. It provided an increase in yields by 0.51 t / ha. Two-time introduction of fungicides (Granstar (25 g / ha) + Stabilan (0.8 l / ha) + Falcon (0.8 l / ha) + Rex Duo fungicide (0.6 l / ha)) positively affected oat crops and contributed to an increase yields to 6.09 t / ha, which is 1.22 t / ha of the control variant. The highest yields over the years have been observed in the fifth variant (Granstar (25 g / ha) + Stabilan (0.8 l / ha) + Falcon (0.8 l / ha) + Rex Duo (0.6 l / ha) + insecticide Fastak (0.2 l / ha)), where it was 6.15 t / ha, which is 1.28 t / ha more than the variant with the application of only Granstar herbicide (25 g / ha). However, the use of insecticides was ineffective in comparison with fungicides. The increase in the yield from the insecticide Fastak was only 0.06 t / ha. Depending on the protection schemes, the protein content did not change significantly and was at 14.42 - 14.44%. Consequently, the yield of naked oat of the variety Avogol due to the introduction of herbicide, morpho-regulator, fungicides and insecticide increased by 1.28 t / ha

scholarly journals Analysis of the development and contemporary state of apricot culture in the world and Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
V. V. Korzin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Main Production ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Fruit Harvest

The article discusses the current state of the genetic resources of the apricot specy and the prospects for its cultivation in the world and the Russian Federation. Data from various literary sources and Internet resources dedicated to this issue were collected and analyzed. The article analyzed the development of culture from 1991 to 2017. Gross fruit harvest, yield and cultivation areas in 68 countries of the world are displayed. There has been marked a growing demand for this crop and, as a result, the expansion of the area of cultivation and gross fruit harvesting has almost doubled since the end of the last century. An increase in production effi ciency due to the introduction of new varieties more adapted to cultivation conditions and the use of innovative technologies was noted. Apricot plantings, according to 2017 data, occupy 560 thousand ha. The main production is concentrated in Asia (54 %) and European countries (27 %). The market leaders are 10 countries: Turkey, Iran, Uzbekistan, Italy, Pakistan, Spain, France, Algeria, Japan and Morocco. They accounted for 2.02 million tons, or about 50 % of the total world gross fruit harvest of this crop. The area of apricot plantations here is from 11 to 125 thousand ha. In Russia, the main landings are concentrated in the south of the country. They occupy about 10 thousand hectares. About 60 thousand tons of products are collected here annually. It is noted that from 1992 to 2017 the apricot yield has doubled, but still inferior to the level of Western countries. The average yield in the country is 5.36 t / ha. This yield parameter is at the level of Pakistan, Algeria and Japan. In Italy, Uzbekistan, France, and others, about 10 tons of fruits are obtained from 1 ha. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the possibility of increasing the gross yield and productivity with a further increase in the level of intensifi cation of production.

New cultivar of red clover Prima

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
R. I. Polyudina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
The State ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Early Ripening

The results of breeding work on creation of the new cultivar of red clover are presented. The hybrid population (15-10-D (2n)) was created by the method of crossbreeding and selection in the conditions of artifi cial climate. Selection of winterhardy high-yielding forms of this hybrid population was conducted in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia. The population 15-10-D (2n) was tested in three cycles of competitive variety trial (crops of 2006, 2008 and 2010) and was submitted to the State variety testing under the name Prima. According to the results of the competitive variety trial during 2007–2013, the new early-ripening diploid cultivar Prima showed high winter hardiness of 97.0-99.0%. The duration of the growing season is 115 days (on the level of standard early-ripening tetraploid cultivar Meteor). The yield of green mass in two cuts is 19.6-58.7 t/ha, the yield of dry matter is 4.2-13.5 t/ha, the yield of seeds is 276-392 kg/ ha. The average yield of green mass in two cuts of the new cultivar is 38.8 t/ha, the average yield of dry matter is 8.7 t/ha, the average yield of seeds is 317 kg/ha, which exceeds standard cultivar Meteor by 52%. The seed content of Prima cultivar is 52%, Meteor – 38%. The crude protein content in dry matter is 16.1%, the fi ber content is 26.0%. Prima cultivar has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation to be grown in the West Siberian region since 2019. The copyright certifi cate and patent for the breeding achievement were received.

Study of some receipts of making new varieties of fruits on seeds in conditions of southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (72) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Nina Kazydub ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Kuzmina ◽  
Evgeniy Freilikh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
New Varieties

scholarly journals Breeding of Buckwheat for Usage of Sprout and Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Suzuki ◽  
Takahiro Hara ◽  
Kenjiro Katsu
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
The World ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Sprouting Resistance ◽  
Sprout Growth ◽  
Noodle Quality ◽  
Buckwheat Flour

Buckwheat is recognized as an important traditional crop and supports local economies in several regions around the world. Buckwheat is used, for example, as a cereal grain, noodle and bread. In addition, buckwheat is also used as a sprout or a young seedling. For these foods, sprouting is an important characteristic that affects food quality. For foods made from buckwheat flour, pre-harvest sprouting may decrease yield, which also leads to the deterioration of noodle quality. Breeding buckwheat that is resistant to pre-harvest sprouting is therefore required. Germination and subsequent growth are also important characteristics of the quality of sprouts. Although buckwheat sprouts are the focus because they contain many functional compounds, such as rutin, several problems have been noted, such as thin hypocotyls and husks remaining on sprouts. To date, several new varieties have been developed to resolve these quality issues. In this review, we summarize and introduce research on the breeding of buckwheat related to quality, sprouting and subsequent sprout growth.

The Boat of the Dead in the Bronze Age

Antiquity ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 15 (60) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Grinsell
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Bronze Age

In many parts of the world and at many periods the practice has prevailed of depositing boats, or models or other representations of them, with the dead, either as a means of facilitating his supposed voyage to another world, or as a symbol of his maritime activities during his lifetime.That the former is generally the correct explanation of the custom there can be no doubt. This is shown by the evidence of the belief in a voyage to a future world, and the customs to which it has given rise, among living primitive peoples in the Pacific Islands and elsewhere, so well collected and presented by the late Sir J. G. Frazer. It is shown also by traditions such as that of our own king Arthur's journey by barge to ‘the island valley of Avilion, where falls not hail, or rain, or any snow’ It is shown also by the ancient Greek and Roman custom of placing a coin in the mouth of the dead to pay Charon's fee for ferrying him across the Styx.

scholarly journals 14C Chronology of Burial Grounds of the Andronovo Period (Middle Bronze Age) in Baraba Forest Steppe, Western Siberia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 737-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
V I Molodin ◽  
Z V Marchenko ◽  
Y V Kuzmin ◽  
A E Grishin ◽  
M van Strydonck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cultural Complex ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Grounds

This paper focuses on the chronology of Middle Bronze Age complexes in the Baraba forest steppe (western Siberia). Three sites were radiocarbon dated, Stary Tartas 4, Sopka 2, and Tartas 1. The Late Krotovo culture was dated to the 18–19th centuries BC, the Andronovo complex (Fedorovo stage) to the 15–18th centuries BC, and the Mixed Andronovo complex dated to the 15–17th centuries BC. These values are some 300–500 yr older than previously thought, and the new results are consistent with14C dates of the Andronovo cultural complex in northern Eurasia. Based on these data, the 15th century BC is the upper chronological limit of the Andronovo period.

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