A Survey on Effective Improvement in Network Congestion Dominance Routing Protocol in MANET

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 17157-17162
Author(s):  
Sonam S. Bhavsar ◽  
Varsha R. Dange
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Congestion

scholarly journals A Game Theory Based Congestion Control Protocol for Wireless Personal Area Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Ma ◽  
Jang-Ping Sheu ◽  
Chao-Xiang Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Personal Area Networks ◽  
Network Congestion ◽  
Wireless Personal Area Networks ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Hop Count

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the presence of congestion increases the ratio of packet loss and energy consumption and reduces the network throughput. Particularly, this situation will be more complex in Internet of Things (IoT) environment, which is composed of thousands of heterogeneous nodes. RPL is an IPv6 routing protocol in low power and lossy networks standardized by IETF. However, the RPL can induce problems under network congestion, such as frequently parent changing and throughput degradation. In this paper, we address the congestion problem between parent nodes and child nodes in RPL-enabled networks, which typically consist of low power and resource constraint devices. To mitigate the effect of network congestion, we design a parent-change procedure by game theory strategy, by which the child nodes can change next hop neighbors toward the sink. Comparing to the ContikiRPL implementation, the simulation results show that our protocol can achieve more than two times improvement in throughput and reduce packet loss rate with less increasing of average hop count.

scholarly journals LEC-AODV Routing Protocol Based on Load and Energy Classification

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Deng Yin Zhang ◽  
Zhao Guo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Congestion ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Load Size ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

Now widely used AODV routing protocol does not take into account the node’s load size and energy level. During the route discovery process, AODV routing protocol often has the blindness and makes it easy to bring about network congestion and consume some node’s energy excessively. To solve this problem, this paper presents a new LEC-AODV routing protocol based on load and energy classification, which makes a different response according to the node’s load size and energy level. Simulation results show that the protocol does not significantly increase the complexity of traditional AODV routing algorithm when packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay and network lifetime and other indicators have improved in varying degrees. At the same time it can bypass the nodes with heavy load and low energy, thereby achieve a certain degree of flow and energy balance and successfully solve the QoS problem in tactical MANETs.

scholarly journals A Multi-hop Network Congestion Management Routing Protocol for WNETS

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 022058
Author(s):  
Sruthi Mamidala ◽  
T. Sravanthi ◽  
Ramesh Dadi ◽  
E Kumaraswamy ◽  
G. Sunil
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Network Congestion

scholarly journals Toward Improved RPL: A Congestion Avoidance Multipath Routing Protocol with Time Factor for Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weisheng Tang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Ma ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Jianming Wei
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Congestion Avoidance ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Network Congestion ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Routing Metric ◽  
Lossy Networks

Designing routing protocols in Low power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) imposes great challenges. In emergency scenarios, the large and rapid data traffic caused by emergencies will lead to network congestion and bring about significant packet loss and delay. Routing protocol for LLNs (RPL) is the IETF standard for IPv6 routing in LLNs. The basic version of RPL uses Expected Transmission Count (ETX) as the default routing metric; it cannot solve the problem of sudden large data traffic. In this paper, we propose a congestion avoidance multipath routing protocol which uses composite routing metrics based on RPL, named CA-RPL. A routing metric for RPL that minimized the average delay towards the DAG root is proposed, and the weight of each path is computed by four metrics. The mechanism is explained and its performance is evaluated through simulation experiments based on Contiki. Simulation results show that the proposed CA-RPL reduces the average time delay by about 30% compared to original RPL when the interpacket interval is short and has almost 20% reduction in packet loss ratio. The CA-RPL can effectively alleviate the network congestion in the network with poor link quality and large data traffic and significantly improve the performance of LLNs.

scholarly journals A Survey on Congestion Control for RPL-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chansook Lim
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Congestion Control ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Network Congestion ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Diverse Application ◽  
Future Research Directions

RPL (IPv6 routing protocol for low power and lossy networks) proposed by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) ROLL (routing over low-power and lossy networks) working group is a de facto standard routing protocol for IoT environments. Since the standardization was proposed, RPL has been extensively improved for diverse application scenarios and environments. Congestion control is one of the most important reasons why RPL has been improved. In an LLN (low power and lossy network), congestion may even lead to network lifetime reduction. In resource-constrained networks where end-to-end congestion control is not feasible, RPL should play a more crucial role in congestion control. In this survey, we review the RPL schemes proposed for congestion control and load-balancing and discuss future research directions.

Modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol for VANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8357-8364
Author(s):  
Thompson Stephan ◽  
Ananthnarayan Rajappa ◽  
K.S. Sendhil Kumar ◽  
Shivang Gupta ◽  
Achyut Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Greedy Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is the most growing research area in wireless communication and has been gaining significant attention over recent years due to its role in designing intelligent transportation systems. Wireless multi-hop forwarding in VANETs is challenging since the data has to be relayed as soon as possible through the intermediate vehicles from the source to destination. This paper proposes a modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol (MFGR) which is an enhanced version of fuzzy logic-based greedy routing protocol (FLGR). Our proposed protocol applies fuzzy logic for the selection of the next greedy forwarder to forward the data reliably towards the destination. Five parameters, namely distance, direction, speed, position, and trust have been used to evaluate the node’s stability using fuzzy logic. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFGR scheme can achieve the best performance in terms of the highest packet delivery ratio (PDR) and minimizes the average number of hops among all protocols.

A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Yugashree Bhadane ◽  
Pooja Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

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