scholarly journals The Results of Studying the Technique of Making Golden Horde Products Made of Non-Ferrous Metals (from the Collection of the Volgograd Regional Museum of Local Lore)

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Kseniya Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Cast Products

Introduction. The article is devoted to the results of tracing research of things made of non-ferrous metals from the collections of Tsarevskoe, Vodyanskoe, and Mechetnoe settlements, stored in the funds of the Volgograd regional museum of local lore. Method. The author used the method of tracing. The digital microscope DigiMicro 2.0. was used to record the results of observation. Analysis. The author studied 63 products and allocated two large groups: 1) cast products and 2) forged products. The study fixed the following operations for cast products: the use of open and closed molds, casting in composite forms, casting by the smelted model, by the impression, liner casting. In group 2, the following methods of forging were singled out: forming forging, punching, drawing and forging of wire, bending, drawing, twisting, hacking, cutting. Soldering was used to connect the elements. After forming, most of the products passed the subsequent processing associated with the removal of defects (primarily post-casting) and the application of decor (hammering, engraving, stamping, polishing). In addition, the decor could be formed during the creation of the mold (cast decor). Results. As a result of the study, it was noted the use of a wide range of techniques and operations with a comparative technological simplicity for most products. It was also noticed that a few things have been specially prepared for the processing, and it demonstrates the use of secondary raw materials.

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF PROCESSING OF SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS OF WINE-MAKING IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Osipova ◽  
O. Radionova ◽  
L. Tkachenko ◽  
T. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Wide Range

The analysis of the current state of processing of secondary raw materials of wine-making in Ukraine is given. It is proved that the latter is a rich source of biologically active compounds, including phenolic ones, which makes it possible to use it for the production of a wide range of products (raccoon, polyphenol extracts, tartaric acid, beverages, fertilizers, grape oil, cake, vitamin D, animal feed, food powder, abrasives) with high consumer value for various industries: food, pharmaceutical, perfume and cosmetics, chemical, feed, etc. In the light of modern research, the role of phenolic compounds as essential nutrition factors that cannot remain out of the field of view of physiologists, pharmacologists, and food hygiene specialists is shown. However, currently in Ukraine there are no specialized enterprises for complex processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking; traditional technologies are not effective from a technological, economic and environmental point of view, which indicates not rational use of resources and loss of material resources; there are no systematic studies on physical and chemical, microbiological, Toxicological composition in order to determine the optimal direction of its use. A limiting factor is also the lack of comparative analysis of innovative domestic and foreign technologies for processing secondary raw materials of winemaking. In the vast majority of cases, in particular, combs and pomace are taken out of control to agricultural land without special treatment, which leads to acid soil erosion and pollution of the environment with metabolites of micromycetes, increasing one of the global problems of mankind-environmental. At the present stage of technological development, there are a number of innovative developments in the field of processing secondary raw materials, in particular grape pomace, in order to obtain biologically active additives, the limiting factor for the introduction of which is the lack of domestic and expensive imported equipment. A promising way to solve the existing problems is to create a mechanism that will unite the interests of wineries (producers of secondary raw materials of winemaking), processing enterprises (producers of products from secondary raw materials of winemaking), scientists and potential consumers of innovative products. Consolidation of the above-mentioned institutions and enterprises is possible by creating clusters for the development and implementation of innovative technologies and equipment

scholarly journals The periclase-chromite refractory decomposition by the action of the pulverized coal and gas medium in course of copper-sulfide raw materials processing

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
A. M. Klyushnikov ◽  
E. N. Selivanov ◽  
K. V. Pikulin ◽  
V. V. Belyaev ◽  
A. B. Lebed' ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Refractory Powder ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Refractory Surface ◽  
Gas Medium

The investigating results are given for the periclase-chromite refractories' composition and structure which are in contact with the pulverized coal and gas medium in the coppersulfide smelting furnaces. The high-temperature burnt copper concentrate and the sulfur dioxide gas suspensions combined action changes the surface and deep refractories layers chemical composition, with that the impurities content reach the value in weight percent: Fe 54,0, Cu 7,2, Zn 6,4, S 1,8. The refractory's surface layer saturation with the iron and non-ferrous metals oxides decreases the porosity and gives rise to low-melting compositions and eutectics. The refractory decomposition is induced by the shelling of the refractory surface layers with the filled porous taking place in course of the heating-cooling cycling because of the phase's thermal linear expansion coefficients. When the spent refractory disposal, it is feasible to separate mechanically the surface layer for the non-ferrous metals extracting, the rest part can be used for obtaining the refractory powder of various purpose.

scholarly journals THE CURRENT STATE AND TRENDS OF PROCESSING SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS OF WINEMAKING IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Osipova ◽  
A. Khodakov ◽  
O. Radionova ◽  
L. Tkachenko ◽  
T. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Business Structures

The current state of processing secondary raw materials of winemaking in Ukraine has been analysed. It has been shown that these materials are a rich source of bioactive compounds. This allows using them to manufacture a wide range of products (oenological tannin, food oenocolourant, polyphenolic extracts, tartaric acid, beverages, grape oil, vitamin D, protein, animal feed, food powder, fertilisers, abrasive materials, etc.) with high consumer value for various industries: food, pharmaceutical, perfume and cosmetics, chemical, compound feed, etc. In the light of modern views, phenolic compounds contained in large quantities in grape stems and pomace have been shown to be indispensable factors in nutrition and treatment. It has been noted that in today’s Ukraine, there are no specialised enterprises for complex processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking. In particular, unprocessed grape stalks and pomace are in most cases uncontrollably carried away to farmlands. This leads to acid erosion of the soil and to polluting the environment by micromycete metabolites, which but exacerbates one of mankind’s global problems, the environmental one. It has been concluded that traditional domestic technologies of processing secondary raw materials of winemaking are technologically, economically, and environmentally ineffective. There is no comparative analysis of innovative domestic and foreign technologies and equipment for processing secondary raw materials of winemaking. Modern innovations to obtain bioactive additives and other products cannot be introduced, since there is no necessary home-manufactured equipment, and imported machines are too expensive. Besides, there is but weak interaction among wineries, research institutions, business structures, and administrative authority. Cluster ideology has been suggested as a basis to organise comprehensive processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking in Ukraine. This will unite the interests of wineries (producers of secondary raw materials), processing enterprises (manufacturers of products from secondary raw materials), research institutions, and potential consumers of innovative products

scholarly journals Assessing possibility of technogenic raw material processing using ultra-low concentrations of sodium cyanide

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1112
Author(s):  
Anastasia Vasilkova ◽  
◽  
Alexander Byvaltsev ◽  
Olga Khmelnitskaya ◽  
Grigory Voiloshnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Gold Recovery ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Reagent Consumption ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

The purpose of the study is to conduct experiments in order to determine the possibility of technogenic gold-bearing raw material cyanidation using ultra-low concentrations of NaCN. Experiments are carried out on the cyanidation of three samples of technogenic raw materials of different composition. The first sample consists of pyrite cinders (Au - 1.8-2.3 g/t, Ag - 13-22 g/t, Fe - 48.52%, Cu - 0.15-0.30%, Zn - 0.3-0.6%). The second sample is represented by the aged tailings of copper-zinc flotation (sample I) with the content of Au - 0.8 g/t, Ag - 7.0 g/t, Fe - 17.2%, Cu - 0.212%, Zn - 0.207%. The next object is the copper-zinc flotation tailings of a concentration plant (sample II), with the following content of Au - 1.22 g/t, Ag - 15.2 g/t, Cu - 0.13%, Zn - 0.23%. It is recommended to use an aqueous wash from non-ferrous metals with subsequent lime treatment as a preliminary processing of pyrite cinders. Cyanidation is carried out at different consumptions of reagent: from 0.075 to 3 kg/t. The experiments have shown that gold recovery in this range of NaCN consumption varies from 42.9 to 44.2%; moreover, a decrease in the reagent consumption allows to reduce the concentration of non-ferrous metal ions in cyanidation solutions. Before cyanidation sample I has also been subjected to aqueous wash to remove acid and non-ferrous metals. NaCN consumption varies from 0.25 to 2.2 kg/t. In this case the extraction of gold amounts to 36.6-46.4%. Cyanidation of tailings (sample II) is carried out in the range of 0.15-1.2 kg/t of NaCN. Gold recovery varies from 24.1 to 30.9%. The cyanidation technology of technogenic raw materials in the field of ultra-low concentrations of sodium cyanide is promising, since it provides acceptable gold recovery under low reagent consumption. For further research in the field of development of an extraction technology of valuable components, the flotation tailings of copper-zinc production (sample II) are chosen as a promising object. It is planned to carry out semi-industrial tests, calculate technical and economic indicators and develop process regulations.

scholarly journals Applied WEEE pre-treatment methods: Opportunities to maximizing the recovery of critical metals

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-711 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
General Recommendation ◽  
Recovery Treatment ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Pre Treatment

<p>WEEE is a fast-growing waste stream that includes potentially hazardous substances, but also valuable secondary raw materials, which can be recovered by adequate recycling and recovery treatment. In the last years, the research interest has moved from the conventional recycling (recovery of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, plastic, glass and other “mass relevant” fractions presented in WEEE), to the innovational recycling, aimed to recover trace elements, such as critical metals (CMs) and rare earth elements (REEs). Currently, the majority of CMs and REEs are lost during the pre-treatment processes. In this paper, an overview of the most relevant e-waste categories and products in terms of CMs and REEs presence, a description of currently applied pre-treatment methods and fate of the observed group of metals during pre-processing phase, as well as general recommendation in order to avoid losses of CMs and REEs within the WEEE treatment chain, are elaborated.</p>

scholarly journals Components’ Characterization of End-of-Life Dishwashers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Eirini Evangelou ◽  
Georgios N. Anastassakis ◽  
Spyridon Dionysios Karamoutsos ◽  
Athanasios Stergiou
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Current Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Separator ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Hand Sorting

The treatment of Wastes of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is a significant source of secondary raw materials. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals, electronic equipment, and plastics are among these materials. One of the most common metals sourced out of WEEE is stainless steel. Dishwashers are common sources of stainless steel, so large amounts of stainless steel can be recovered from them. In this project, dishwashers were submitted to size reduction via shredding, and the shredded products went through a magnetic separator (which separates all the magnetic ferrous components), an eddy current sensor (which separates all the non-ferrous components) and an induction sorting sensor (which removed all the metallic fractions). This procedure led to the following two streams: one with stainless steel, boards, and cables and another stream mainly including plastic. In the next stage, the stainless-steel stream passed through a high-intensity magnetic separator, leading to a magnetic and a non-magnetic stream. Thereafter, hand sorting was applied to both streams which aimed to increase the recovery from each stream.

scholarly journals Complex processing of tin-lead dross into solders and ligatures

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
B. M. Nemenenok ◽  
G. V. Downar ◽  
A. G. Slutsky ◽  
V. A. Sheinert ◽  
D. O. Kapusta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Metal Component ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Metallurgical Processing ◽  
Valuable Element ◽  
Lead Oxides ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technological Methods

The use of industrial waste is one of the main problems of the modern economy. In Belarus, there is no primary metallurgical processing of natural raw materials, so the use of secondary materials and production waste is a very relevant and important task for the industry, given into account that the cost of metals extracted from secondary raw materials is several times less than the primary ones.One of the types of such raw materials is tin-lead dross (ash), which consists of tin and lead oxides with inclusions of the metal component beads. The most valuable element in dross is tin, the price of which is much higher than the cost of many non-ferrous metals. The aim of the work was to study the influence of various technological factors on the metallurgical output during the processing of tin-lead ash into solders and ligatures.In this regard the results of previous studies related to the extraction of tin and lead in the processing of secondary raw materials were summarized, and new data on technological methods for deeper metallurgical processing of dross (ash) were presented. This allowed them to develop options for obtaining high-quality solder type POS 61 and ligatures.

Flotation and magnetic methods to recover non-ferrous metals from low grade technogenic raw materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
E. V. Chernousenko ◽  
◽  
G. V. Mitrofanova ◽  
I. N. Vishnyakova ◽  
Yu. S. Kameneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Magnetic Methods ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

scholarly journals X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS AND THE X-RAY SPECTRAL MICROANALYSIS OF LATE BOSPORAN STATERS FROM THE PHANAGORIAN AND GAI-KODZOR HOARDS: TECHNICAL ASPECTS AND POSSIBLE COPPER ORE SOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 402-413
Author(s):  
М. Г. Абрамзон ◽  
Ю. Ю. Ефимова ◽  
Н. В. Копцева ◽  
И. А. Сапрыкина
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Copper Coin

Боспорские статеры 285/286-341/342 гг. н. э. подверглись исследованию методами рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа (РФА) и рентгеноспектрального микроанализа (РСМА) в сканирующем электронном микроскопе (СЭМ) с целью определения химического состава сплава и возможных источников медного сырья для чеканки монет. Установлено, что на боспорском монетном дворе применялась широкая номенклатура медных сплавов: медь, свинцовая, оловянная, оловянно-свинцовая и многокомпонентная бронзы, а также сплавы меди с добавками серебра. В условиях дефицита чистой меди на монетном дворе использовался медный лом, содержащий другие цветные металлы. Археометрические исследования позволяют проследить по годам эмиссий динамику деградации сплавов статеров, вызванную высокими темпами инфляции в правление Фофорса - Рескупорида VI. «Порча» медной монеты вызвана напряженными поисками государством финансов для борьбы с варварами. Полученные данные проливают новый свет на малоизвестные особенности монетного производства позднего Боспора. The Bosporan staters of AD 285/286-341/342 were investigated at their surfaces by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and at the cross-sections by X-ray spectral microanalysis in the scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDXMA) in order to determine the chemical composition of the alloy and proposal sources of copper raw materials for coin production. It is established that the Bosporan mint used a wide range of copper alloys: copper, lead-, tin-, tin-lead and multicomponent bronzes, as well as copper alloys with silver additives. When there was a deficit of pure copper, the mint used copper scrap containing other non-ferrous metals. Archaeometric studies allow us to trace the dynamics of degradation of coinage alloys over the years of emissions caused by high rates of inflation during the reign of Thothorses to Rhescuporis VI. The ‘damage' of the copper coin is caused by the state's intense search for money to fight the barbarians. The obtained data shed new light on a little-known feature of the Later Bosporan Kingdom coin production.

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