STATE AND PROSPECTS OF PROCESSING OF SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS OF WINE-MAKING IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Osipova ◽  
O. Radionova ◽  
L. Tkachenko ◽  
T. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Wide Range

The analysis of the current state of processing of secondary raw materials of wine-making in Ukraine is given. It is proved that the latter is a rich source of biologically active compounds, including phenolic ones, which makes it possible to use it for the production of a wide range of products (raccoon, polyphenol extracts, tartaric acid, beverages, fertilizers, grape oil, cake, vitamin D, animal feed, food powder, abrasives) with high consumer value for various industries: food, pharmaceutical, perfume and cosmetics, chemical, feed, etc. In the light of modern research, the role of phenolic compounds as essential nutrition factors that cannot remain out of the field of view of physiologists, pharmacologists, and food hygiene specialists is shown. However, currently in Ukraine there are no specialized enterprises for complex processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking; traditional technologies are not effective from a technological, economic and environmental point of view, which indicates not rational use of resources and loss of material resources; there are no systematic studies on physical and chemical, microbiological, Toxicological composition in order to determine the optimal direction of its use. A limiting factor is also the lack of comparative analysis of innovative domestic and foreign technologies for processing secondary raw materials of winemaking. In the vast majority of cases, in particular, combs and pomace are taken out of control to agricultural land without special treatment, which leads to acid soil erosion and pollution of the environment with metabolites of micromycetes, increasing one of the global problems of mankind-environmental. At the present stage of technological development, there are a number of innovative developments in the field of processing secondary raw materials, in particular grape pomace, in order to obtain biologically active additives, the limiting factor for the introduction of which is the lack of domestic and expensive imported equipment. A promising way to solve the existing problems is to create a mechanism that will unite the interests of wineries (producers of secondary raw materials of winemaking), processing enterprises (producers of products from secondary raw materials of winemaking), scientists and potential consumers of innovative products. Consolidation of the above-mentioned institutions and enterprises is possible by creating clusters for the development and implementation of innovative technologies and equipment

scholarly journals CONCEPT OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY CLUSTER ON PROCESSING OF SECONDARY RAW OF WINE FOOD IN UKRAINE AND MOLDOVA. PROBLEMS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1(70)) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
V.M. OSYPOV ◽  
L.A. OSYPOVA ◽  
B.S. GAINA
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Range

Topicality. Secondary raw materials of winemaking are a rich source of biologically active compounds, which makes it possible to use it for the production of a wide range of products of high value for various industries: food, pharmaceutical, perfume and cosmetic, chemical, etc. However, currently in Ukraine and in Moldova there are no specialized enterprises for the integrated processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking. In the vast majority of cases, in particular, crests and squeezes are uncontrolledly exported to agricultural lands without special treatment, which leads to acid soil erosion and environmental pollution by metabolites of micromycetes. At the present stage of technological development there is a wide range of innovative developments in the field of recycling of secondary bio-materials, in particular grape excrements, in order to obtain biologically valuable components. The main task in this direction is to create an organizational and economic mechanism that will unite the interests of winemaking enterprises (owners of secondary raw materials), processing enterprises (producers of secondary products of winemaking), representatives of local authorities and potential consumers of innovative products. A cluster ideology may be an effective tool for consolidating the interests of stakeholders in this direction. Aim and tasks. Development of the concept, formation and functioning of the cross-border cluster on the processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking, the core of which is the innovation-investment center, which provides cooperation of science, business and administrative resources, allows to provide non-waste technologies and use innovative solutions. In the process of recycling of secondary raw materials of winemaking in Ukraine and Moldova (about 100 thousand tons) is the possibility of obtaining more than 50 secondary winemaking products, which are in high demand in various sectors of the economy. The main objectives of this study are: ensuring sustainable development and the principles of the "green economy" in the development of viticulture and winemaking in Ukraine and Moldova; creation of high value-added biologically valuable products; obtaining social and synergistic effect in the process of forming a cluster. Research results. A systematic approach to the complex processing of grapes on the basis of cluster ideology is proposed. The proposed architecture of the cluster as managerial innovation in the subregional, regional, national and transboundary context allows us to form the poles of economic growth by consolidating and converting different types of capital: human, social, productive, natural, financial and intellectual to obtain additional economic benefits. The developed concept shows that sustained efficiency is achieved, first and foremost, enterprises are able to combine efforts and capital. Conclusions. The analysis of technology of processing of grapes on wine materials in Ukraine and Moldova is carried out. The following is the list of the most promising products obtained from secondary raw materials of winemaking. The concept of creating a cross-border cluster for the processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking, which is based on the principles of the green economy.

scholarly journals THE CURRENT STATE AND TRENDS OF PROCESSING SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS OF WINEMAKING IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Osipova ◽  
A. Khodakov ◽  
O. Radionova ◽  
L. Tkachenko ◽  
T. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Business Structures

The current state of processing secondary raw materials of winemaking in Ukraine has been analysed. It has been shown that these materials are a rich source of bioactive compounds. This allows using them to manufacture a wide range of products (oenological tannin, food oenocolourant, polyphenolic extracts, tartaric acid, beverages, grape oil, vitamin D, protein, animal feed, food powder, fertilisers, abrasive materials, etc.) with high consumer value for various industries: food, pharmaceutical, perfume and cosmetics, chemical, compound feed, etc. In the light of modern views, phenolic compounds contained in large quantities in grape stems and pomace have been shown to be indispensable factors in nutrition and treatment. It has been noted that in today’s Ukraine, there are no specialised enterprises for complex processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking. In particular, unprocessed grape stalks and pomace are in most cases uncontrollably carried away to farmlands. This leads to acid erosion of the soil and to polluting the environment by micromycete metabolites, which but exacerbates one of mankind’s global problems, the environmental one. It has been concluded that traditional domestic technologies of processing secondary raw materials of winemaking are technologically, economically, and environmentally ineffective. There is no comparative analysis of innovative domestic and foreign technologies and equipment for processing secondary raw materials of winemaking. Modern innovations to obtain bioactive additives and other products cannot be introduced, since there is no necessary home-manufactured equipment, and imported machines are too expensive. Besides, there is but weak interaction among wineries, research institutions, business structures, and administrative authority. Cluster ideology has been suggested as a basis to organise comprehensive processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking in Ukraine. This will unite the interests of wineries (producers of secondary raw materials), processing enterprises (manufacturers of products from secondary raw materials), research institutions, and potential consumers of innovative products

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL-BIOCHEMICAL AND VETERINARY AND SANITARY EVALUATION OF MILK AND BEEF UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC LOADING AND FEEDING OF FEED ADDITIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
V. O. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wide Range

In recent decades, due to various circumstances, in Ukraine and around the world, insufficient attention is paid to preserving the ecological well-being of the environment. Man-caused load on the environment, including contamination of agricultural land with various xenobiotics, in particular heavy metals, in some regions exceeds acceptable levels. Their toxicity is realized slowly and is manifested by immunodeficiency of animals, and can also cause mutagenic, teratogenic and embryotoxic effects. This is observed not only as a result of the Chernobyl tragedy, but also the growing, unregulated use of mineral fertilizers, plant protection products, virtually no disposal of waste of various origins, as well as emissions from industrial, chemical and mining enterprises, vehicles, which poses a growing threat to health. animals and humans. Numerous researchers (in particular Kravtsiv, 2005, Fedoruk & Humenyuk, 1999, Pylypiv & Fedoruk, 2000, Rivis et al., 1995, Velychko, 2007) point out that a significant part of this belongs to the anthropogenic entry of heavy metals into the biosphere. Given the wide range of biological and toxic effects of xenobiotics in general, and heavy metals in particular, it should be noted that they cause not only problems in animal welfare, but also negatively affect the quality of products made from animals kept and raised in man-made contaminated areas. And hence the health of people, maintaining their ability to work, which is a national priority. It should be borne in mind that the ability to accumulate chemical, toxic elements by organisms is determined not only by the geochemistry of the environment, but also by the biological nature and biochemical chain through which organisms and the environment (soil-plant-animal- human). Therefore, it is especially important for animal husbandry to improve the feeding rations of animals kept under man-made load with the use of safe sorbents and biologically active additives, which will contribute to obtaining quality raw materials and quality food, including dairy and meat. This confirms that a particularly important task of science, including biological and veterinary in the field of environmental physiology is a comprehensive study of the harmful effects of anthropogenic and man-made factors on environmental objects, especially farm animals, which provide raw materials to the processing industry and human food. Particular attention needs to be paid to the development of effective measures to reduce the negative man-made pressure on bio-cenosis, including on productive animals kept in conditions of ecological, technogenic risk, optimization of physiological and technological parameters of their existence with application in feeding, effective, payback, correcting feed additives and biologically active substances that, undoubtedly, will promote improvement of quality and safety of production, which is used in human nutrition.

scholarly journals PLANT-BASED MILK ANALOGUES IN THE NUTRITION OF PEOPLE WITH NUTRITION-DEPENDENT NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pritulska ◽  
I. Motuzka ◽  
A. Koshelnyk ◽  
M. Jarossová ◽  
A. Lacková
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Product Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Procedures

A recent tendency in Ukraine is the changes in the structure of food consumption, which are caused by the reduced consumption of some product groups and by their decreasing quality. A persisting problem is that affordable and easy-to-consume food products made with due consideration of the needs of patients with certain categories of diseases can hardly be found on the domestic market. The products present on the domestic market are all imported, available in a limited assortment, very expensive, and not customised to suit all the specific needs of human metabolism. Approaches to the nutrition of patients with certain types of nutrition-dependent and non-infectious diseases have been analysed. It has been established that аn effective component in the diet of patients with non-infectious diseases can be plant-based milk analogues. It has been determined how important it is to use domestic raw materials: it will contribute to expanding domestic production, will help the gross domestic product growth, and will reduce the product’s costs, thus reducing the costs of diagnostic and treatment procedures. It has been established that the assortment of plant-based milk analogues is constantly expanding. The vegetable raw material conventionally used to make this product group has been analysed. It has been shown that fenugreek seeds can be most effectively used to make special food products (in particular, plant-based milk analogues) for the nutritional support of patients with non-infectious diseases. This is feasible due to the availability of the raw material, simple cultivating conditions, the chemical composition of the product (e. g. a wide range of biologically active substances), low costs of the product when it is made from domestic raw materials, and the simple production technology. It is expected that manufacture of milk analogues from fenugreek seeds will widen the assortment of this product group, and satisfy the target consumers’ needs of safe and high quality products that offer an alternative to imports.

scholarly journals The Results of Studying the Technique of Making Golden Horde Products Made of Non-Ferrous Metals (from the Collection of the Volgograd Regional Museum of Local Lore)

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Kseniya Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Cast Products

Introduction. The article is devoted to the results of tracing research of things made of non-ferrous metals from the collections of Tsarevskoe, Vodyanskoe, and Mechetnoe settlements, stored in the funds of the Volgograd regional museum of local lore. Method. The author used the method of tracing. The digital microscope DigiMicro 2.0. was used to record the results of observation. Analysis. The author studied 63 products and allocated two large groups: 1) cast products and 2) forged products. The study fixed the following operations for cast products: the use of open and closed molds, casting in composite forms, casting by the smelted model, by the impression, liner casting. In group 2, the following methods of forging were singled out: forming forging, punching, drawing and forging of wire, bending, drawing, twisting, hacking, cutting. Soldering was used to connect the elements. After forming, most of the products passed the subsequent processing associated with the removal of defects (primarily post-casting) and the application of decor (hammering, engraving, stamping, polishing). In addition, the decor could be formed during the creation of the mold (cast decor). Results. As a result of the study, it was noted the use of a wide range of techniques and operations with a comparative technological simplicity for most products. It was also noticed that a few things have been specially prepared for the processing, and it demonstrates the use of secondary raw materials.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS HUMULUS LUPULUS L. (REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (337) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Yedilova A.K. ◽  
Inelova Z.A.
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Beer Production

The article provides an overview of the structural features of the natural populations of Humulus lupulus L. in the world and in Kazakhstan. Currently, the use in medicine of natural products, medicines and biologically active substances of plant origin is increasing. Significant parts of the medicinal raw materials are wild plants. The need for medicinal plant raw materials (medicinal plants) is not decreasing; the technology of its procurement and reproduction in natural conditions wants significant perfection. It is known that they have a milder, more complex effect on the human body and are used in the treatment of many chronic diseases. The growing anthropogenic impact on populations of valuable medicinal plants is decreasing their stocks of raw materials. In this regard, the study of biological characteristics and the development of scientifically based agricultural techniques for the cultivation of many medicinal plants are becoming relevant. Humulus lupulus L. (common hop) is a valuable medicinal plant. They are used as painkillers, sedatives, hypnotics for increased nervous irritability, sleep distur-bances, neuralgia, vegetovascular dystonia, mild coronary spasms, tachycardia, and in the early stages of hyper-tension. According to the classification of medicinal plant resources, Humulus lupulus L. is a plant with a wide range, but with a limited supply of raw materials. In places of growth of Humulus lupulus L. does not form large thickets [1]. Recently, a comprehensive approach has been applied in the study of natural plant populations, including ontomorphological and population-ecological studies. This makes it possible to objectively assess the state of the species in the cenosis and predict its future behavior. In this regard, a comprehensive study of the natural populations of Humulus lupulus L. is of great relevance. Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is an important crop worldwide, known as the main flavor ingredient in beer. A diversified brewing industry requires a variety of flavors, superior technological properties and sustainable agro-nomy, which are the center of advanced molecular breeding efforts in hops. Hop breeders have been limited in their ability to create strains with desirable traits, however, due to unusual and unpredictable inheritance patterns and the associated non-Mendelian segregation of genetic markers [2]. The use of hops has recently been undergoing a new change, driven by a growing international preference for more intensely flavored beer, supported by the craft-brewing sector. This movement led to the introduction of much more hops at various stages of beer production and to an ever-growing search for new flavors. Some hop varieties have thus received particular attention, including several older typical hops mostly used to date, although an intensive search for new varieties dubbed "Green Gold" has also taken place. A large number of new exquisite varieties have been described and are increasingly appreciated in the market. Global hop growing areas have increased over the past 5 years, although total world beer production has declined over the same period, confirming the trend of using more hops per liter of beer. In addition, a wide range of pharmacological properties have been described for hops and its derivatives, namely antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties, which are of great importance for the pharmaceutical industry. The bioactivity of beer can depend on the use of hops, which can become an important tool for brewers aiming to develop functional products. Taken together, the compounds isolated from Humulus lupulus L. have a wide range of biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory action, antimicrobial action, antioxidant action, antiproliferative effects, cytochrome P450 effects, glucose metabolism effects, hormonal effects, lipid effects and sedative / hypnotic effects. Therefore, the purpose of this Chapter is to describe the importance of hops in this new direction of beer production, market overview of hops, varieties, forms and methods of use, composition, value in bioactivity of beer and new discoveries in research hops [3].

Syntheses, Biological and Material Significance of Dihydro[1,3]oxazine Derivatives: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Lathwal ◽  
Bijoy P. Mathew ◽  
Mahendra Nath
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Volatile Materials ◽  
Oxazine Derivatives

: Dihydro[1,3]oxazines are an important class of heterocyclic compounds having a wide range of biological and material properties. Medicinally, they possess diverse pharmacological activities such as bactericidal, fungicidal, microbiocidal, antitumor, anti-HIV and anti-inflammatory agents. Apart from being biologically active, they are materially useful for making polybenzoxazines. Polybenzoxazines, a novel class of non-conjugated thermosetting materials that belong to the family of addition-curable phenolic resins. They have lucrative properties such as small shrinkage in curing, low water absorption, good thermal stability, no release of volatile materials during cure, no need for catalyst and inexpensive raw materials. Further, the flexibility in designing a monomer gives polybenzoxazines an additional edge over ordinary phenolic resins. This review briefly describes the syntheses including eco-friendly strategies, biological and material significance of various dihydro[1,3]oxazine derivatives.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PLANTS OF THE GENUS ATRAPHAXIS (A. SPINOSA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (444) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
A.K. Umbetova ◽  
◽  
G.Sh. Burasheva ◽  
Y.S. Ikhsanov ◽  
K.T. Abidkulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

In this article identifies new sources of obtaining biological substances from plants of the genus Atraphaxis (A. spinosa) prepared in the Almaty region. According to well - known methods, the analysis of indicators and standards of raw material quality-humidity, total ash, sulphate ash, insoluble ash in 10% hydrochloric acid-was developed and carried out. Micro- and macroelements determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Analysis of the elemental composition shows that iron predominates from microelements, and sodium, potassium and calcium from macronutrients. Conditions for obtaining a biologically active complex from the aboveground part of Atraphaxis spinosa developed for the first time. The optimal conditions for obtaining the complex are extractant – 50% ethanol, the ratio of extractant and raw materials – 1:8, double extraction time – 48 hours, temperature – 22 - 26 °C. The lipophilic composition identified by chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Since lipophilic fractions of plant samples include such classes of compounds as fatty acids; mono-; di-; triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols, Sterol esters, glycolipids, fat-soluble vitamins, they can considered not only as nutritional products, but also as possible pharmacological agents. The content of lipophilic components – 26 organic compounds-was determined. It found that A. spinosa contains a large amount of di - (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (54.66%) and β-sitosterol (13.11%). A complex study of plant resources as medicinal raw materials provides for the chemical study of biologically active substances and biological screening of extracts and individual compounds obtained from plants. In most cases, the extract showed a wide range of antibacterial activity against the used strains of microorganisms.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF INTERNAL PLANNING AT OIL REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL ENTERPRISES BASED ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (32) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
N.G. Evdokimova ◽  
◽  
N.N. Luneva ◽  
T.M. Levina ◽  
M.E. Luneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Software Product

The economic basis of market relations between business entities and objects is the planning of activities, which provides the necessary balance between production and consumption of products, demand for goods and supply volumes by the enterprise at the macroeconomic level. At the enterprise, playing acts as an optimizer for the production of high-quality products based on efficient and rational use of resources. In management practice, a special place is occupied by internal planning, which is considered as a system of interconnected long-term, medium-term and short-term plans that determine the strategy of the company as a whole, as well as the goals of functioning, the forecast of the development of internal and external factors and resources of the enterprise. One of the main types of planning in the organization is production planning, which is widely used at petrochemical and oil refining enterprises and, in particular, at Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat LLC. The technological features of oil refining and petrochemical enterprises have a great influence on the process of production planning: the multivariance and complexity of technological processes, a wide range of products; large production capacities and technological installations; high material and energy intensity; a significant share of raw materials in the cost of production. Therefore, the processes of modeling and optimization in internal planning are impossible without the effective use of software and information support. This justifies the relevance and need to optimize production planning and increase the effectiveness of its management. The article discusses the practice of production planning at LLC Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat. At the enterprise, the planning process for the processing of raw materials and production is carried out using the Aspen PIMS software product, which allows us to calculate the optimal version of the production plan and ensures the maximum marginal profit of the enterprise. The principles of operation of the Aspen PIMS module are considered; production tasks solved with the help of this software. The basic structure of the construction of the planning process at LLC Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat is given. The use of a specialized planning software product in combination with production modeling tools allows to obtain a significant economic effect.

scholarly journals Soil acidification as a limiting factor to agricultural production in the municipality of Ljubovija

2014 ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Dragan Cakmak ◽  
Biljana Sikiric ◽  
Jelena Beloica ◽  
Snezana Belanovic-Simic ◽  
Veljko Perovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Renewable Natural Resource

The process of soil acidification means, above all, a reduction of soil solution pH. It can be the result of slow, years-long natural process or considerably accelerated due to a combination of natural processes and anthropogenic influences. Acidification is a very important factor in the permanent degradation of the fertility of soil, as the most important and hardly renewable natural resource. Studies on soil susceptibility to the process of acidification were carried out in the Municipality of Ljubovija, using three methods. Defining of the degree of soil susceptibility to the process of acidification allows timely activities aimed at the reduction of overall soil acidity. Management of agricultural land, in isolated areas, must be focused on a balanced use of fertilizers and agrotechnical measures, using proper planting /crops to achieve the optimum use of resources and sustainable soil fertility.

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