Prevalence of Allergic Diseases in Children Vaccinated Against Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B in the Early Neonatal Period: Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 420-425
Author(s):  
Marina V. Fedoseenko ◽  
Veronika A. Petrova ◽  
Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Response Type ◽  
Early Neonatal Period ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccines ◽  
Severe Infections

Background. T-cell response is shifted towards Th2-type predominance in newborns. This makes them particularly vulnerable to exposure of various external pathogens, development of severe infections, moreover, it is also a risk factor for allergic diseases development. Various methods of switching the immune response to Th1-type are currently under research, and one of them is vaccination.Objective. The aim of the study is to provide data on the prevalence of allergic pathology among children vaccinated against tuberculosis and hepatitis B, as well as the effect of vaccines on immune response type.Results. Data on both increase and decrease in the prevalence of atopic conditions in children vaccinated with BCG and against hepatitis B were analyzed, thus, most of them cannot be considered reliable. The results of several large studies do not reveal any correlation between vaccination and the presence of allergic disease in children. There is data that BCG and hepatitis B vaccines shift the immune response towards Th1-type activation.Conclusion. Vaccination in the early neonatal period may affect switching of the immune response towards Th1-type. That, in turn, can affect the prevalence of allergic pathology in vaccinated children. However, the data available for now is not sufficient to reliably estimate the possible effect of vaccination on atopic conditions manifestation in the future.

scholarly journals Development of Mucosal Immunity in Children: A Rationale for Sublingual Immunotherapy?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Szczawinska-Poplonyk
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Oral Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
Immune Pathway

The mucosal immune system has bidirectional tasks to mount an effective defense against invading harmful pathogens and to suppress the immune response to alimentary antigens and commensal bacterial flora. Oral tolerance is a suppression of the mucosal immune pathway related to a specific immunophenotype of the dendritic cells and an induction of the regulatory T cells as well as with the silencing of the effector T cell response by anergy and deletion. The physiological dynamic process of the anatomical and functional maturation of the immune system occurring in children during pre- and postnatal periods is a significant factor, having an impact on the fine balance between the activation and the suppression of the immune response. In this paper, mechanisms of mucosal immunity and tolerance induction in terms of maturational issues are discussed with a special emphasis on the implications for a novel therapeutic intervention in allergic diseases via the sublingual route.

scholarly journals Review of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Children of Workers of an Oil & Gas Industry in Lho'seumawe and Lho'sukon, North Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 209-15
Author(s):  
Chairul Adillah Harahap ◽  
Sari Leyli Harahap ◽  
Chairuddin P. Lubis ◽  
Ahmad Judin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccines ◽  
Fourth Dose ◽  
Oil Gas

We describe a retrospective study on hepatitis-B immunization in the Indonesian workers' children of Mobil-Oil Indonesia Lho' Seumawe and Lho'sukon, North Aceh. Data were obtained from medical records and included all children in the 0-15 years age group who had been immunized against hepatitis B types and schedules of vaccines, pre-immunization seromarkers, and anti HBsAb after the third immunization were recorded. For hundred and twenty children had received three doses of,hepatitis B vaccines; 180 children had them at 0, 1 and 2 months and the rest at 0, 1 and 6 months. Type of vaccine used was hunian plasma derived vaccine with a dosage of 5 µg per shot All of them (except the newborns) were tested and had seromarkers negative to hepatitis 8 infection prior to immunization. Testing for immune response (HBsAb) 2-6 months after the third immunization could only be done in 213 children, where 168 (78.9%) showed HBsAb titer> 10 miU/ml, 5 (2,30Al) had HBsAb < 10 miU/ml, and the remaining 40 (18,8%) showed no seroconversion. Of those 40 children who did not seroconversed, 31 were given a fourth dose, and 14 children were retested for their HBsAb titre. Seven children had positive responses and the rest remained negative.

Complementary Presence of HBV-Specific Humoral and T-Cellular Immune Response Provide the Long-Lasting Immune Protection After Neonatal Immunization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunmei Huang ◽  
Yuting Yang ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Zhiyu Li ◽  
Yao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Background: Hepatitis B vaccination is the most cost-effective way to prevent HBV infection. Currently, hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) efficacy was usually assessed by anti-HBs level, but there were little comprehensive analyses of humoral and cellular immune response to HepB in children after neonatal immunization. Methods: A total of 145 children with primary hepatitis B immunization history were involved in this study to evaluate the efficacy of HepB. Blood samples were obtained from 80 eligible children before one dose of HepB booster and 41 children post-booster. Children with anti-HBs at a low level (<10mIU/mL and [10,100) mIU/mL) were received one dose of HepB booster after informed consent. Subjects were be measured anti-HBs, HBsAg-specific T cell responses and frequency of B cell subsets before and after booster. Results: Among 80 subjects, 81.36% of children showed both T cell and anti-HBs responses positive at baseline. After one dose of booster, anti-HBs titer (P<0.0001), positive rate of HBsAg-specific T cell response (P=0.0036) and magnitude of SFCs (P=0.0003) increased significantly. Comparing preexisting anti-HBs titer <10mIU/mL with anti-HBs titer [10,100) mIU/mL, anti-HBs response (P=0.0005) and HBsAg-specific T lymphocyte response (P<0.0001) increased significantly. The change tendency of HBV specific humoral response is complementary to T cellular response with age. Conclusion: Protection from primary HBV immunization persists long on account of the complementary presence of HBV-specific humoral and T-cellular immune response. One dose of HepB booster is efficient enough to produce protective anti-HBs and enhance HBsAg-specific T cell response. In the HBV endemic areas, HepB booster immunization is still the most economical and effective way to prevent HBV infection, especially in children without anti-HBs.

Immune Response to Two Different Hepatitis B Vaccines in Haemodialysis Patients: A 2-Year Follow-Up

Nephron ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. de Graeff ◽  
J. Dankeri ◽  
D. de Zeeuw ◽  
C.H. Gips ◽  
G.K. van der Hem
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccines

scholarly journals 12 Months Persistent Immunogenicity after Hepatitis B Vaccination in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Immunogenicity of Revaccination in Non-Responders: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Bingfeng Han ◽  
Wu Liu ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Hanyu Liu ◽  
Tianshuo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccines

Background: In initial studies, the immunogenicity and safety of hepatitis B vaccines in patients with diabetes has been assessed in China. Methods: In six township health centers in Gansu Province, 232 diabetic patients and 77 healthy people were allocated to receive two 3-dose hepatitis B vaccines (Group D20SC 0-1-6; Group D20CHO 0-1-6; Group ND20SC 0-1-6). Participants were followed up at 12 months after being fully vaccinated. One dose of the vaccine was randomly administered to non-responders. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in response rate between two groups. Results: The anti-HBs response rates of three groups decreased from 84.1%, 89.1% and 88.3% at one month to 64.6%, 79.8% and 71.4% at twelve months. There was no statistical difference in the immune response rates between Group D20SC 0-1-6 and Group ND20SC 0-1-6; however, that of Group D20CHO 0-1-6 was higher than that of Group D20SC 0-1-6. After revaccination, the geometric mean concentrations were 491.7 mIU/mL and 29.7 mIU/mL after using vaccines containing 60 μg and 20 μg HBsAg. Conclusions: At 12 months, immune response in diabetic patients were not significantly different from that in healthy people. Revaccination with one dose of hepatitis B vaccine containing 60 μg HBsAg for non-responders was more satisfactory.

scholarly journals Mimicry of the a determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen by an antiidiotypic antibody. I. Evaluation in hepatitis B surface antigen responder and nonresponder strains.

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M W Pride ◽  
A Thakur ◽  
Y Thanavala
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
T Cell Response

B and T cell responses of several strains of mice, immunized with a monoclonal antiidiotype (anti-Id) that mimics the a determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), were studied to determine if the immune response to the anti-Id was regulated by H-2-linked immune response genes as has been previously observed for HBsAg. We report that immunization with anti-Id could elicit HBsAg-specific antibodies in mice of the H-2d,q, or f haplotype and in an outbred wild mouse strain (Mus spretus), thus circumventing the H-2 haplotype restriction pattern observed when immunizing with HBsAg in H-2f mice. Purified lymph node T cells from mice of the H-2d or q haplotype and M. spretus that were primed in vivo with HBsAg or anti-Id could be stimulated in vitro with either HBsAg or anti-Id but not with an irrelevant antibody of the same subclass as the anti-Id. However, purified lymph node T cells from H-2f mice that were primed in vivo with the anti-Id could only be stimulated in vitro with anti-Id. No in vitro stimulation whatsoever was observed in H-2f mice immunized with HBsAg. The effect of processing and presentation of the anti-Id by antigen-presenting cells (APC) was studied in mice of the H-2d haplotype. Stimulation of purified lymph node T cells by HBsAg and anti-Id was shown to be strictly dependent on APC and restricted by major histocompatibility complex class II antigens at the I-A locus. Treatment of APC with paraformaldehyde or chloroquine abrogated the T cell response to all antigens except for a nine-amino acid synthetic peptide representing a partial analogue of the group a determinant of HBsAg S(139-147). The significance of these results is discussed in the context of understanding the mechanism of mimicry elicited by the anti-Id.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma and stress: untangling the host immune response from clinical outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. HEP35
Author(s):  
Peter D Block ◽  
Brianna Shinn ◽  
Jin Hyang Kim ◽  
Hie-Won Hann
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health challenge on the global scale. Affecting hundreds of millions worldwide, HBV is a leading risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinical outcomes from chronic HBV infection are varied and appear to be influenced by a complex and dysregulated host immune response. In turn, much attention has been given to the immunologic response to HBV in an effort to identify host factors that lead to the development of HCC. However, the role of nonimmunologic host factors, such as chronic stress, in HBV-related HCC is poorly defined. Indeed, a growing appreciation for the effects of stress on chronic liver diseases raises the question of its role in chronic HBV infection. In this light, the present review will untangle the roles of key host factors in HBV-related HCC with an emphasis on chronic stress as a viable contributor. First discussed is the interplay of stress, inflammation and chronic liver disease. The host immune response’s role as a driver of HBV-related HCC is then reviewed, allowing for a close exploration of the effects of stress on immune function in chronic hepatitis B and as a potential risk factor for HBV-related HCC.

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