scholarly journals Livelihood income sources of landless and marginal rural households in Haryana

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-607
Author(s):  
Suchitra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Income Sources

The present study was conducted in four districts two each from Eastern and Western zones of Haryana. Total 300 household from different landholding categories were selected from four villages of the selected districts. Finding revealed that majority of landless families was mainly through wages followed by livestock and in most of the cases it was less than 2.5 lakh per annum. As regards marginal land holding farmers, major source of income of both males and female was wages and private work. The income of large majority of marginal farm families was below Rs. 2.5 lakh per annum.

Rural Livelihood Activities

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Almost All

Rural households are found to depend on diverse portfolio of activities and income sources. This study sought to explore the diverse livelihood activities of rural households in Awra Amba Community. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used to collect data. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that almost all members (94%) of Awra Amba community are depending on non-farm activities because of the scarcity of land. As a result, they are dominantly weavers (86%) and the rest are traders. The results of the study indicated that weaving is their major source of livelihood and a backbone for their survival.

Economic Analysis of Non-Farm and Off-Farm Income Sector: A Way Ahead in Making Farmers Income Profitable

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Multi Stage

Income diversification is an important strategy to augments income among small and marginal farmers. This study evaluated the income diversification among farm households in the Ariyalur district. A multi-stage sampling technique was used, and 115 rural households were selected by applying Arkin and Colton formula. The data collected were analyzed using the Herfindahl index and Gini-coefficient. The results showed that the average number of income sources accessed by all marginal farmers is about 1.81, and small farmers are about 1.90, and small farmers had an income diversification range of 0.64 to 0.65, which is a medium diversification category. When the non-farm and off income were considered together with agricultural income, the overall income inequality dropped. The results suggested that the local government should take serious steps to create employment avenues for smallholders outside agriculture that provide credit, training, and necessary inputs to rural households and recommended for public investment in rural infrastructures, such as roads and bridges, telecommunications, education, energy, and water.

scholarly journals Rural Diversification Strategies in Promoting Structural Transformation in Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Mathew Svodziwa
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Diversification Strategies ◽  
The Government

Abstract Rural diversification strategies in Zimbabwe are wide in nature but the environment plays an important role in ensuring that sustainability and structural transformation are achieved. A good understanding of the diversity of rural livelihoods choices and income sources among rural households would therefore inform policy makers on appropriate policy interventions. This paper delves to establish the role of rural diversification strategies in promoting structural transformation in Zimbabwe using Insiza district as a case study. A mixed methods research design was used. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were applied. The study utilized semi-structured interviews with key informants who were purposively sampled to take part in the study. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed and 86 were returned thus giving the researcher a response rate of 86%. The study’s findings noted that rural diversification is an important component of the rural economy and it plays an important component in order to achieve structural transformation using Insiza district in Zimbabwe as a case study. The study also noted that though climate was negatively impacting on the Insiza district residents, households that diversified their income sources had enhanced income compared with farming households which do not diversify their income sources being vulnerable. The study recommends that the government should intervene by financing and educating the rural folk. Micro-policy should be targeted on rural households incomes that facilitate the provision of widening income options through small scale group schemes.

scholarly journals Determinants of Income Diversification and Its Effects on Household Income in Rural Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 20-41
Author(s):  
KHAI TRẦN TIẾN ◽  
Danh Nguyễn Ngọc
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Economic Regions

Exploiting data of Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2010, the study aims at finding determinants of income diversification at household level in rural Vietnam and evaluating effects of income diversification on household income. The data set covers 6,571 rural households of eight socio-economic regions. Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) is applied to show income diversification at household level. Two-limit tobit model is applied to detect the effects of household features and community characteristics on HHI, and then generalized method of moments (GMM) is employed to test the effects of HHI on household income. The results show that human capital in both quantity and quality terms plays a substantial role in encouraging rural households to diversify their income-generating activities. Rural households with higher education level and higher diversification ability tend to have more diverse income sources. Owning larger sources of physical capital, or better credit accessibility, and social capital also helps rural households improve income diversity. The results also confirm that income diversification is the dynamic of rural income improvement. Households can increase their income by diversifying their farm and non-farm activities.

The dietary diversity and rural households’ nutrition security in itang special district, Gambella, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Chayot Gatdet Deng ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Special District ◽  
Study District ◽  
Consumption Survey

The malnutrition is pervasive are in the Itang special district of Gambella region. The children, elder, pregnant women, disabilities and other disadvantageous members of the households were extremely malnourished in the district. The main aim of this study was to assess dietary diversity and the rural households’ nutrition security in Itang special district. The study was carried out in Itang Special District among the rural households. It had collected the primary data through households’ consumption survey, key informants interview and body mass index. Then, the descriptive statistics mainly frequency and percentage were used to analyze the data via SPSS version 20. The field result revealed that about 54%, 40% and 6% of the rural households have low, medium and high dietary diversity in the district. Similarly, about 53%, 35%, 5% & 7% of the rural households were underweight, normal, obese & overweight respectively in the district. There was a low dietary diversity and high prevalence of underweight among the rural households in the study district. Thus, the Office of Agriculture and Natural Resources of the district, together with the health office have to provide the capacity building training on awareness of diversification of the income sources and credits facilities in Itang special district.

Rural Non-Farm Employment in Punjab: Nature, Pattern, and Determinants

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Size Number

The nature, extent, and pattern of rural non-farm employment were evaluated based on primary data collected from 400 rural households in the two districts of Punjab. The results witnessed considerable variations in the pattern of farm and non-farm income sources among sample rural households. The results of the Logit model found gender, age of the head of household, level of education, the value of farm and non-farm assets, workforce participation rate, distance from the nearest town, household size, number of dependents, and lower caste dummy significantly affected participation in rural non-farm employment activities in the sample districts.

Climate, crops, and forests: a pan-tropical analysis of household income generation

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Wunder ◽  
Frederik Noack ◽  
Arild Angelsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Weather Shocks ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
Crop Income

AbstractRural households in developing countries depend on crops, forest extraction and other income sources for their livelihoods, but these livelihood contributions are sensitive to climate change. Combining socioeconomic data from about 8,000 smallholder households across the tropics with gridded precipitation and temperature data, we find that households have the highest crop income at 21°C temperature and 2,000 mm precipitation. Forest incomes increase on both sides of this agricultural maximum. We further find indications that crop income declines in response to weather shocks while forest income increases, suggesting that households may cope by reallocating inputs from agriculture to forests. Forest production may thus be less sensitive than crop production to climatic fluctuations, gaining comparative advantage in extreme climates and under weather anomalies. This suggests that well-managed forests might help poor rural households to cope with and adapt to future climate change.

scholarly journals Transformation of labor participation on off-farm diversification: insights from rural households in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
D N Asih
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Income Sources

Abstract This study analyses the rural transformation and the determinants of off-farm work diversification in Indonesia. Based on employment growth, the study explores the transformation of the labour sector to off-farm work as an alternative income source in mitigating the decreasing carrying capacity of the agricultural sector. Using a panel data set from rural households in Central Sulawesi, the study applied a random logit model to account for the determinants of off-farm participation and economic mobility over time. The results show that crop failure is a key driver of off-farm work diversification which is further compounded by several factors including asset holdings, the age and education level of the household head by 51.1%, 21.77%, 1.59% and 18.59% respectively. These results confirm that ‘these push’ factors are motivating the rural household on off-farm labour allocation, which indicate the implications of economic transformation through the diversification of income sources and labour allocation away from agriculture subsystems in rural areas in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Poverty dynamics in farm and rural households: PATANAS data analysis 2007‒2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
R D Yofa ◽  
M Maulana ◽  
A M Ar-rozi ◽  
I S Anugerah ◽  
V Darwis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Urban Sector ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Job Transfer ◽  
Data Survey

Abstract In developing countries, the majority of the population work as farmers. Thus, the welfare realization can be achieved by increasing farmers’ welfare. Welfare is the opposite of poverty, therefore, the prevalence of poverty is seen as an indicator of welfare. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of poverty at the farm and rural household levels. The data used is from a panel data survey of the National Farmers Panel (PATANAS) on four agroecosystems from 2007 to 2018, collected by the Indonesian Centre for Agricultural Socio-Economic and Policy Studies (ICASEPS), Ministry of Agriculture. The data were analyzed statistically descriptive by making six poverty categories based on the distance between per capita income and the poverty line published by Central Bureau Statistic (CBS). The study results show that rural households still use the land as their main base of income in all types of agroecosystems. On the other hand, non-agricultural income sources have consistently increased, indicating a structural change from the dominance of agriculture to industry and services. There has been a decrease in the number of rural households categorized as almost non-poor, destitute, and suffering. The number of households categorized as non-poor and very poor is dominant in all agroecosystems. It shows that there is widening inequality. Recommendations can be given in farm upgrading through agricultural modernization, rural agro-industrialization, and even job transfer from rural farmers to the formal urban sector.

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