scholarly journals “Only Cigarette Butt is Left, DNA Fingerprinting Traps the Theft”

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pawar SG ◽  
Harel VS ◽  
Mahajan KD ◽  
More BP ◽  
Kulkarni KV
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Cigarette Butt ◽  
Cell Material ◽  
Successful Isolation ◽  
Dna Purity ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
And Storage

The examination of saliva traces left on cigarette butts as evidences are complicated due to the availability of biological material in trace amounts and its rapid degradation due to extreme effects of environmental factors. This study is aimed to assess the DNA purity and quantify the amount of DNA preserved in saliva found on cigarette butts subjected to various temperatures and humidity. Isolation of cell material from biological traces on forensic evidence is often a serious challenge to solving forensic cases. Successful isolation of high-grade DNA from cell material even in critically low quantity could be achieved in examination of traces. The proper collecting and storage of the material is very important for successful DNA typing from saliva traces and epithelial cells from the lips and oral cavity. Meeting these conditions would increase the chances for successful DNA profiling of biological traces on evidence of an earlier date. In the presented forensic cases the opportunity for solving the crime was given by the vices of the suspects. In this case one cigarette butt found at scene of crime was the only evidence to detect the accused. DNA is extracted from salivary epithelial cells adheres to the cigarette butt and profiled successfully. DNA profiles of suspected accused and the cigarette butt are matched in the source.

The Growing Role of Genetic Professionals in Forensic DNA

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Bar Code ◽  
Genomic Polymorphism ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques ◽  
Dna Profiles

AbstractThrough the last decade there was an enormous revolution in the field of forensic genetic.The Author reviews some of the methodologies used in the definitions of DNA profiling tackling the principles of recombinant DNA techniques. The potentiality of polymorphic DNA fragments in vertebrates is focused as well as the revolution implied in forensic medicine. The resource to DNA-DNA hybridization combined to oligonucleotide probes is emphasized leading to the production of an individual bar code with the resource of genomic polymorphism which leads to a pattern known as genetic fingerprinting. Other techniques for individual identification and paternity testing are focused as well as the use of short tandem repeats (STR's). Mitochondrial DNA sequencing use to complement nuclear DNA typing may also be profitable in certain instances. Relevant problems within the context of the use of these techniques in forensic medicine and law suits are discussed. Final considerations viewing the resource to DNA technology within the scope of the last two decades are referred regarding the resource to DNA profiles not only in the US but in Europe in general and in Portugal in special having lead to compensation and uncover of justice errors.

scholarly journals The expression and localization of V-ATPase and cytokeratin 5 during postnatal development of the pig epididymis

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Jae Park ◽  
Ji-Hyuk Kim ◽  
Hack-Youn Kim ◽  
Hee-Bok Park ◽  
Juhui Choe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Cytokeratin 5 ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling ◽  
And Storage

Objective: We examined the localization and expression of H<sup>+ pumping vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) in the epididymis of pigs, expressed in clear and basal cells, respectively, during postnatal development.Methods: Epididymides were obtained from pigs at 1, 7, 21, 60, 120, and 180 days of age; we observed the localization and expression patterns of V-ATPase and KRT5 in the different regions of these organs, namely, the caput, corpus, and cauda. The differentiation of epididymal epithelial cells was determined by immunofluorescence labeling using cell-type-specific markers and observed using confocal microscopy.Results: At postnatal day 5 (PND5), the localization of clear cells commenced migration from the cauda toward the caput. Although at PND120, goblet-shaped clear cells were detected along the entire length of the epididymis, those labeled for V-ATPase had disappeared from the corpus to cauda and were maintained only in the caput epididymis in adult pigs. In contrast, whereas basal cells labeled for KRT5 were only present in the vas deferens at birth, they were detected in all regions of the epididymis at PND60. These cells were localized at the base of the epithelium; however, no basal cells characterized by luminally extending cell projections were observed in any of the adult epididymides examined.Conclusion: The differentiation of clear and basal cells progressively initiates in a retrograde manner from the cauda to the caput epididymis. The cell-type-specific distribution and localization of the epithelial cells play important roles in establishing a unique luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage in the pig epididymis.

DNA typing from cigarette butts

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. S177-S179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Watanabe ◽  
Tomohiro Takayama ◽  
Keiji Hirata ◽  
Sadao Yamada ◽  
Atsushi Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Typing ◽  
Cigarette Butts

scholarly journals Characterization of Gypsum Composites Containing Cigarette Butt Waste for Building Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7022
Author(s):  
Mónica Morales-Segura ◽  
César Porras-Amores ◽  
Paola Villoria-Sáez ◽  
David Caballol-Bartolomé
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Acoustic Performance ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Cigarette Butt ◽  
Performance Results

Cigarette butts are one of the most common waste on the planet and are not biodegradable, so they remain on the landscape for many years. Cigarette butt composition makes it suitable to be added during the manufacture of construction materials, so it can be considered a waste recovery material, helping to reduce the ecological footprint of the construction sector. This article shows the characterization of gypsum composites containing cigarette butt waste. Several gypsum specimens were prepared incorporating different percentages of cigarette butt waste (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%). Samples without waste additions were also prepared in order to compare the results obtained. Samples were tested for density, superficial hardness, flexural and compressive strength, bonding strength and acoustic performance. Results show that it is possible to add cigarette butts in a gypsum matrix, resulting in better mechanical behavior than traditional gypsums.

scholarly journals Studies on microperoxisomes. VII. Pigment epithelial cells and other cell types in the retina of rodents.

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Leuenberger ◽  
A B Novikoff
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Pigment Epithelial Cells

The pigment epithelial cell of the retina actively participates in two aspects of lipid metabolism: (a) the fatty acid esterification of vitamin A and its storage and transport to the photoreceptors, and (b) the phagocytosis and degradation of the lipoprotein membrane disks shed from the photoreceptor cells. Study of the pigment epithelial cells of adult albino and pigmented rodents has revealed the abundance of an organelle, microperoxisomes, not previously known to exist in this cell type. The metabolism, transport, and storage of lipids are major functions of other cell types which possess large numbers of microperoxisomes associated with a highly developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Microperoxisomes were encountered, but relatively rarely, in Müller cells and vascular endothelial cells. A tubular system in photoreceptor terminals is reactive in the cytochemical procedure used to visualize microperoxisomes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Time on Blood Types of ABO Systems on Saliva Spots of Cigarette Butts for Forensic Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Mely Purnadianti ◽  
Mieke Sylvia MAR ◽  
Ahmad Yudianto
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Cigarette Butt ◽  
Temperature Exposure

The identification process is not only carried out on the body of a victim of a crime, but identification can also be carried out on the evidence evidence found at the crime scene. The timing of a crime case and the time interval for collecting evidence of a crime is an obstacle in the process of identifying blood saliva on cigarette butts. Saliva will dry within an hour and forty minutes at room temperature and with the influence of various other factors saliva will dry in less than three hours. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the duration of temperature exposure on the protein levels of cigarette saliva in order to help the identification process of forensic blood groups. The time series design was used in this study where 18 filter cigarette butts were collected from 6 individuals who were subjected to research with blood types A, B and AB then incubated 1.3 and 6 hours. Examination of protein content was carried out using trizol reagent with UV spectrophotometer reading. The data was processed using non-parametric T-test statistics. There was a decrease in salivary levels in a predetermined time of 1, 3 and 6 hours. Cigarette butt saliva protein levels can still be detected within 1, 3 and 6 hours so that they can be used to help identify the forensic blood group from cigarette butt saliva.

scholarly journals New green electrode materials derived from waste cigarette butts for capacitive deionization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yang ◽  
Shudi Mao ◽  
Zhe Li ◽  
Zhuo Sun ◽  
Ran Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Cigarette Butt

Abstract Smoked cigarette butts are a non-biodegradable pollutant that has damaged the planet. However, carbon materials derived from cigarette butts have proven to be suitable for various applications. We synthesized cigarette butt-derived carbon via hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation methods and then converted it to an electrode material for capacitive deionization. The fabricated material, SCC-750, exhibited a relatively high salt adsorption capacity of 10.27 mg g−1. The excellent CDI (capacitive deionization) performance is due to the high specific surface area of 3,093.10 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 1.754 cm3 g−1. This work offers a new method to recycle harmful cigarette butts by converting them into promising electrode materials for capacitive deionization.

scholarly journals “We Are Watching”: The effectiveness of implementing novel anti-smoking signage on hospital property

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Lorna Sampson ◽  
Navjot Rai ◽  
Audra Vair ◽  
Anoush Yaminifar ◽  
John Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Intervention Site ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Cigarette Butt ◽  
One Way Anova

Objective: Poor adherence to smoke-free policies on hospital property is an ongoing challenge. This study introduced novel anti-smoking signage onto hospital property with the aim of evaluating its effectiveness on reducing the incidence of smoking in designated areas.Methods: This prospective ecological study used cigarette butt count as a proxy to measure smoking prevalence at a single hospital’s three exit sites between October–December 2013. A pre-analysis of cigarette butt count at each site was conducted and the site with the highest count was selected for intervention; the two remaining sites were controls. The intervention signs featured a pair of stern male eyes with a forward gaze with “Don’t Smoke” written in black font and “We Are Watching” in red font below. Pre- and post-intervention cigarette butt counts were collected over 18 days and 14 days respectively. Climate was included in the analysis.Results: The number of cigarette butts decreased at the intervention site across 11 of the 14 post- intervention monitored days (29.8% decrease). Cigarette butt counts increased across both control sites (32.9% and 58.8%). One-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction (p = .000) between location and pre-/post-intervention periods. A two-way ANOVA evaluating location, intervention period, and climate temperature change (± 10 degrees Celsius) revealed statistical significance (p < .05). Interaction between location and climate was not significant.Conclusions: This study demonstrated a decrease in cigarette butts at the hospital exit where the “watching eyes” signs were implemented. Simple, low-cost anti-smoking interventions such as this may assist in creating healthier, smoke-free environments on hospital properties.

scholarly journals Characterisation of corneas following different time and storage methods for their use as a source of stem-like limbal epithelial cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 108720
Author(s):  
Cristina Romo-Valera ◽  
Miguel Pérez-Garrastachu ◽  
Raquel Hernáez-Moya ◽  
Maddalen Rodriguez-Astigarraga ◽  
Paula Romano-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
And Storage
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