scholarly journals The Effect of Time on Blood Types of ABO Systems on Saliva Spots of Cigarette Butts for Forensic Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Mely Purnadianti ◽  
Mieke Sylvia MAR ◽  
Ahmad Yudianto
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Blood Types ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Cigarette Butt ◽  
Temperature Exposure

The identification process is not only carried out on the body of a victim of a crime, but identification can also be carried out on the evidence evidence found at the crime scene. The timing of a crime case and the time interval for collecting evidence of a crime is an obstacle in the process of identifying blood saliva on cigarette butts. Saliva will dry within an hour and forty minutes at room temperature and with the influence of various other factors saliva will dry in less than three hours. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the duration of temperature exposure on the protein levels of cigarette saliva in order to help the identification process of forensic blood groups. The time series design was used in this study where 18 filter cigarette butts were collected from 6 individuals who were subjected to research with blood types A, B and AB then incubated 1.3 and 6 hours. Examination of protein content was carried out using trizol reagent with UV spectrophotometer reading. The data was processed using non-parametric T-test statistics. There was a decrease in salivary levels in a predetermined time of 1, 3 and 6 hours. Cigarette butt saliva protein levels can still be detected within 1, 3 and 6 hours so that they can be used to help identify the forensic blood group from cigarette butt saliva.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN RADIOGRAF GIGI UNTUK KEPENTINGAN IDENTIFIKASI FORENSIK

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Sita Rose Nandiasa ◽  
Bramma Kiswanjaya ◽  
Mindya Yuniastuti
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unique Characteristic ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Helpful Tool ◽  
Identification Process ◽  
Digital Radiograph

Background: Tooth has a unique characteristic. Teeth often used for forensic identification especially when the other parts of the body could not gave a difference feature used for identification.Discussion: Tooth is part of the body known for its resistant against external influence making it as an important primary identifier. Dental radiographic can act as a helpful tool in identification process to compare antemortem and postmortem data. Radiograph can give a detail features from the teeth and their surroundings, especially digital radiograph so it can ease the identification process.Conclusion : forensic identification using radiograph can be trusted.

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Resealed Erythrocytes as A New Trend in Treatment of Asthma

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Alaa Zaky ◽  
Mohsen Afouna ◽  
Ahmed Samy
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Nocturnal Asthma ◽  
Carrier Erythrocytes

Carrier erythrocytes are emerging as one of the most promising biological drug delivery systems investigated in recent decades. Beside its biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to circulate throughout the body, it has the ability to perform extended release system of the drug for a long period. The ultimate goal of this study is to introduce a new carrier system for Salbutamol, maintaining suitable blood levels for a long time, as atrial to resolve the problems of nocturnal asthma medication Therefore in this work we study the effect of time, temperature as well as concentration on the loading of salbutamol in human erythrocytes to be used as systemic sustained release delivery system for this drug. After the loading process is performed the carrier erythrocytes were physically and cellulary characterized. Also, the in vitro release of salbutamol from carrier erythrocytes was studied over time interval. From the results it was found that, human erythrocytes have been successfully loaded with salbutamol using endocytosis method either at 25 Co or at 37 Co . The highest loaded amount was 3.5 mg/ml and 6.5 mg/ml respectively. Moreover, the percent of cells recovery is 90.7± 1.64%. Hematological parameters and osmotic fragility behavior of salbutamol loaded erythrocytes were similar that of native erythrocytes. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the salbutamol loaded cells has moderate change in the morphology. Salbutamol releasing from carrier cell was 43% after 36 hours in phosphate buffer saline. The releasing pattern of the drug from loaded erythrocytes showed initial burst release in the first hour followed by a very slow release, obeying zero order kinetics. It concluded that salbutamol is successfully entrapped into erythrocytes with acceptable loading parameters and moderate morphological changes, this suggesting that erythrocytes can be used as prolonged release carrier for salbutamol.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on proliferation of myoblasts from donor piglets with different thermoregulatory maturities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Metzger ◽  
Dirk Dannenberger ◽  
Armin Tuchscherer ◽  
Siriluck Ponsuksili ◽  
Claudia Kalbe
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Background Climate change and the associated risk for the occurrence of extreme temperature events or permanent changes in ambient temperature are important in the husbandry of farm animals. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of permanent cultivation temperatures below (35 °C) and above (39 °C, 41 °C) the standard cultivation temperature (37 °C) on porcine muscle development. Therefore, we used our porcine primary muscle cell culture derived from satellite cells as an in vitro model. Neonatal piglets have limited thermoregulatory stability, and several days after birth are required to maintain their body temperature. To consider this developmental step, we used myoblasts originating from thermolabile (five days of age) and thermostable piglets (twenty days of age). Results The efficiency of myoblast proliferation using real-time monitoring via electrical impedance was comparable at all temperatures with no difference in the cell index, slope or doubling time. Both temperatures of 37 °C and 39 °C led to similar biochemical growth properties and cell viability. Only differences in the mRNA expression of myogenesis-associated genes were found at 39 °C compared to 37 °C with less MYF5, MYOD and MSTN and more MYH3 mRNA. Myoblasts grown at 35 °C are smaller, exhibit higher DNA synthesis and express higher amounts of the satellite cell marker PAX7, muscle growth inhibitor MSTN and metabolic coactivator PPARGC1A. Only permanent cultivation at 41 °C resulted in higher HSP expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Interactions between the temperature and donor age showed that MYOD, MYOG, MYH3 and SMPX mRNAs were temperature-dependently expressed in myoblasts of thermolabile but not thermostable piglets. Conclusions We conclude that 37 °C to 39 °C is the best physiological temperature range for adequate porcine myoblast development. Corresponding to the body temperatures of piglets, it is therefore possible to culture primary muscle cells at 39 °C. Only the highest temperature of 41 °C acts as a thermal stressor for myoblasts with increased HSP expression, but it also accelerates myogenic development. Cultivation at 35 °C, however, leads to less differentiated myoblasts with distinct thermogenetic activity. The adaptive behavior of derived primary muscle cells to different cultivation temperatures seems to be determined by the thermoregulatory stability of the donor piglets.

scholarly journals Analytical and Experimental Analysis of a Free Link in Contact with a Granular Medium

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan B. Marghitu ◽  
Seung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Granular Medium ◽  
Stopping Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Static Resistance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistance Forces ◽  
Empirical Approaches

In this study, the experimental and the simulation results for a planar free link impacting a granular medium are analyzed. The resistance force of the granular medium on the body from the moment of the impact until the body stops is very important. Horizontal and vertical static resistance forces developed by theoretical and empirical approaches are considered. The penetrating depth of the impacting end of the free link increases with the increase of the initial impacting velocity. We define the stopping time as the time interval from the moment of impact until the vertical velocity of the link end is zero. The stopping time of the end decreases as the initial velocity increases. The faster the end of the link impacts the surface of the granular medium, the sooner it will come to a stop. This phenomenon involves how rapidly a free link strikes the granular medium and how it slows down upon contact.

scholarly journals Expression levels of caspase-3 and gasdermin E and their involvement in the occurrence and prognosis of lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuanli huang ◽  
GuangHui Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhu ◽  
Xia Wu ◽  
LIGao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Caspase 8 ◽  
Survival Prognosis ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Background Pyroptosis plays a dual role in the development of cancer and malignancy, and as such, may potentially be a new target for cancer treatment. However, the inflammatory response to pyroptosis may have adverse effects on the body. The roles of gasdermin E (GSDME), caspases, and related proteins associated with pyroptosis in cancer remain controversial. This study aimed to explore whether the expression levels of caspase-3 and GSDME affect the clinical stage, pathological grade, and survival prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Methods We examined the protein levels of GSDME, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in lung tissues from 100 patients with lung cancer by using immunohistochemistry. Results We found that GSDME, caspase-3, and caspase-8 were more highly expressed in the tumor tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, we found that GSDME could serve as a prognostic factor because there was a positive correlation between its expression level and the postoperative survival rate of patients with lung cancer. Conclusions GSDME may be an independent factor affecting the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. However, the role of GSDME and its related proteins in cancer requires further research.

Numerical Computation of Differential-Algebraic Equations for the Approximation of Artificial Satellite Trajectories and Planetary Ephemerides

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fox ◽  
L. S. Jennings ◽  
A. Y. Zomaya
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equation ◽  
Generalized Coordinates

The principle of virtual work and Lagrange’s equations of motion are used to construct a system of differential equations for constrained spatial multibody system modeling. The differential equations are augmented with algebraic constraints representing the system being modeled. The resulting system is a high index differential-algebraic equation (DAE) which is cast as an ordinary differential equation (ODE) by differentiating the constraint equations twice. The initial conditions are the heliocentric rectangular equatorial generalized coordinates and their first time derivatives of the planets of the solar system and an artificial satellite. The ODE is computed using the integration subroutine LSODAR to generate the body generalized coordinates and time derivatives and hence produce the planetary ephemerides and satellite trajectories for a time interval. Computer simulation and graphical output indicate the satellite and planetary positions and the latter may be compared with those provided in the Astronomical Almanac. Constraint compliance is investigated to establish the accuracy of the computation. [S0021-8936(00)03403-6]

Chronically altered body protein levels following lateral hypothalamic lesions in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. R738-R743 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Hirvonen ◽  
R. E. Keesey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Irreversible Reduction ◽  
Body Weights

Rats maintaining reduced body weights after lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH; LH rats) are characterized by smaller body protein masses. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether this reduced protein mass is actively defended. In the first, it was found that LH rats induced to overeat and restore body weight to the level of nonlesioned controls markedly increased their body fat without significantly increasing body protein. That is, LH rats at normal body weights were notably obese. In the second experiment, body protein losses produced by food restriction in LH rats were both relatively small and proportionally the same as those seen in similarly restricted nonlesioned controls. These observations demonstrate that LH rats retain the capacity for preserving body protein when challenged by either under- or overnutrition. The apparently irreversible reduction in the body protein mass thus appears to be the result of a specific lean tissue downregulation induced by LH damage.

scholarly journals HIF1α/TET1 Pathway Mediates Hypoxia-Induced Adipocytokine Promoter Hypomethylation in Human Adipocytes

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Ali ◽  
Shane A. Phillips ◽  
Abeer M. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Adipocytes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Obesity is associated with the accumulation of dysfunctional adipose tissue that secretes several pro-inflammatory cytokines (adipocytokines). Recent studies have presented evidence that adipose tissues in obese individuals and animal models are hypoxic, which may result in upregulation and stabilization of the hypoxia inducible factor HIF1α. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation enable the body to respond to microenvironmental changes such as hypoxia and may represent a mechanistic link between obesity-associated hypoxia and upregulated inflammatory adipocytokines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of hypoxia in modifying adipocytokine DNA methylation and subsequently adipocytokine expression. We suggested that this mechanism is mediated via the DNA demethylase, ten-eleven translocation-1 (TET1), transcription of which has been shown to be induced by HIF1α. To this end, we studied the effect of hypoxia (2% O2) in differentiated subcutaneous human adipocytes in the presence or absence of HIF1α stabilizer (Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), 500 μM), HIF1α inhibitor (methyl 3-[[2-[4-(2-adamantyl) phenoxy] acetyl] amino]-4-hydroxybenzoate, 30 μM), or TET1-specific siRNA. Subjecting the adipocytes to hypoxia significantly induced HIF1α and TET1 protein levels. Moreover, hypoxia induced global hydroxymethylation, reduced adipocytokine DNA promoter methylation, and induced adipocytokine expression. These effects were abolished by either HIF1α inhibitor or TET1 gene silencing. The major hypoxia-responsive adipocytokines were leptin, interleukin-1 (IL6), IL1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interferon γ (IFNγ). Overall, these data demonstrate an activation of the hydroxymethylation pathway mediated by TET1. This pathway contributes to promoter hypomethylation and gene upregulation of the inflammatory adipocytokines in adipocytes in response to hypoxia.

scholarly journals TRPV1 Responses in the Cerebellum Lobules V, VIa and VII Using Electroacupuncture Treatment for Inflammatory Hyperalgesia in Murine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanya Inprasit ◽  
Yi-Wen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pain Sensation ◽  
Inflammatory Hyperalgesia ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Important Symptom ◽  
Zusanli Acupoint ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Electroacupuncture Treatment

Inflammatory pain sensation is an important symptom which protects the body against additional tissue damage and promotes healing. Discovering long-term and effective treatments for pain remains crucial in providing efficient healthcare. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a successful therapy used for pain relief. We aimed to investigate effects and mechanisms of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-inducing inflammatory pain in the cerebellum, and the inhibition of this inflammatory hyperalgesia using EA at Zusanli acupoint (ST36). The results display a significant increase in mechanical and thermal sensitivities in the CFA and CFA + SHAM groups, which was significantly reduced in the CFA+EA and CFA + KO groups. This evidence was substantiated in the protein levels observed using immunoblotting, and presented with significant escalations after CFA inducing inflammatory hyperalgesia in CFA and CFA + SHAM groups. Then, they were significantly attenuated by EA in the CFA + EA group. Furthermore, the CFA + transient receptor vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1)−/− group indicated similar significant decreases of protein expression. Additionally, a concomitant overexpression in lobule VIa was also observed in immunofluorescence. These consequences suggest that CFA-induced inflammatory pain provokes modifications in cerebellum lobules V, VIa and VII, which can subsequently be regulated by EA treatment at the ST36 through its action on TRPV1 and related molecular pathways.

scholarly journals Characterization of Gypsum Composites Containing Cigarette Butt Waste for Building Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7022
Author(s):  
Mónica Morales-Segura ◽  
César Porras-Amores ◽  
Paola Villoria-Sáez ◽  
David Caballol-Bartolomé
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Acoustic Performance ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Cigarette Butt ◽  
Performance Results

Cigarette butts are one of the most common waste on the planet and are not biodegradable, so they remain on the landscape for many years. Cigarette butt composition makes it suitable to be added during the manufacture of construction materials, so it can be considered a waste recovery material, helping to reduce the ecological footprint of the construction sector. This article shows the characterization of gypsum composites containing cigarette butt waste. Several gypsum specimens were prepared incorporating different percentages of cigarette butt waste (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%). Samples without waste additions were also prepared in order to compare the results obtained. Samples were tested for density, superficial hardness, flexural and compressive strength, bonding strength and acoustic performance. Results show that it is possible to add cigarette butts in a gypsum matrix, resulting in better mechanical behavior than traditional gypsums.

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