scholarly journals The reference interval of blood pressure is essential for preemptive medicine in the prediction and prevention of hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Yamakado
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

scholarly journals Diet quality in relation to the risk of hypertension among Iranian adults: cross-sectional analysis of Fasa PERSIAN cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Motamedi ◽  
Maryam Ekramzadeh ◽  
Ehsan Bahramali ◽  
Mojtaba Farjam ◽  
Reza Homayounfar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

Abstract Background Hypertension is a common chronic disease with various complications and is a main contributing factor to cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to assess the association of diet quality, assessed by dietary diversity score (DDS), Mediterranean dietary score (MDS), diet quality index-international (DQI-I), and healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015) with the risk of hypertension. Methods This study recruited a total of 10,111 individuals (45.14% male) with mean age of 48.63 ± 9.57 years from the Fasa Cohort Study, Iran. Indices of diet quality, including MDS, HEI-2015, DQI-I, and DDS were computed by a 125-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. Participants were diagnosed as hypertensive if they had a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg,, or used antihypertensive drugs. Results Hypertension was prevalent in 28.3% of the population (21.59% in males and 33.74% in females). In the whole population, after adjustment for potential covariates, including daily energy intake, age, gender, physical activity, smoking, family history of hypertension, body mass index, and the level of education, higher adherence to the MDS (OR: 0.86, 95%CI = 0.75–0.99) and HEI-2015 (OR: 0.79, 95%CI = 0.68–0.90) was significantly associated with decreased risk of hypertension. The protective effect of HEI-2015 against hypertension remained significant for both males (OR: 0.80, 95%CI = 0.64–0.99) and females (OR: 0.78, 95%CI = 0.66–0.94), while, for MDS, this relationship disappeared in the subgroup analysis by gender. DQI-I and DDS were not related to the odds of hypertension. Conclusions Adhering to MDS and HEI-2015 diets could contribute to the prevention of hypertension.

Abstract P053: Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Risk of Hypertension Among U.S. Adults - Results From NHANES 2003-2008

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zefeng Zhang ◽  
Mary Cogswell ◽  
Cathleen Gillespie ◽  
Jing Fang ◽  
Shifan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Introduction: Evidence from randomized controlled trials demonstrates higher sodium and/or lower potassium intake increase blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. However, the relationship between sodium, potassium and blood pressure has not been examined using nationally representative sample and estimated usual intakes of these nutrients. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that usual sodium and potassium intake have opposing effects on blood pressure and a higher sodium-to-potassium ratio is associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Methods: We analyzed data on 12,854 participants aged 20 years and older from the 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We estimated the usual intakes of sodium and potassium from the diet accounting for measurement error. Mean blood pressure was calculated from up to three readings on each subject and hypertension included both diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the associations between intakes of sodium, potassium and their ratio with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and logistic regression for associations with hypertension. Results: The average estimated usual intakes of sodium and potassium were 3465 and 2741 mg/d, respectively. The average sodium-to-potassium ratio was 1.39; higher ratios were observed among males, younger and non-Hispanic black participants. After adjustment for potential confounders, usual intakes of sodium, potassium and their ratio were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, with an increase of 1.08 mm Hg (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30 – 1.86) and a decrease of 1.47 mmHg (95% CI: -2.31, -0.63) for every 1000 mg/d increase in sodium and potassium intake, respectively, and an increase of 2.80 mmHg (95% CI: 0.90 - 4.70) for every unit increase in sodium-to-potassium ratio. No association was found for diastolic blood pressure. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of usual sodium or potassium intakes were 1.63 (95% CI: 1.14 - 2.34) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.45 - 0.82), respectively, for risk of hypertension. For sodium-to-potassium ratio, the adjusted OR was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.17 - 1.89). The patterns of association were largely consistent across age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and education subgroups. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results indicated higher sodium and lower potassium intakes were associated with increased systolic blood pressure and risk for hypertension. The combined effect of sodium and potassium might play a central role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The results further confirm that reducing sodium and increasing potassium intakes concurrently may have important implications in the prevention of hypertension, and hence, of cardiovascular disease.

Abstract P334: The Relationship Between Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio And High Blood Pressure: TMM CommCohort Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mana Kogure ◽  
Tomohiro Nakamura ◽  
Naho Tsuchiya ◽  
Takumi Hirata ◽  
Akira Narita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High K ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Low K

Introduction: Recently, the balance between sodium and potassium intake, i.e. sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio, has received significant attention for prevention of hypertension. Previous studies reported the positive association between urinary Na/K (uNa/K) ratio and hypertension. However, even the same uNa/K ratio value, there might be high Na/ high K ratio or low Na/ low K ratio. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that blood pressure (BP) is higher in high Na/ high K group than that in low Na/ low K group even at the same uNa/K ratio in general population in cross-sectional study. Methods: The subjects were 20 to 74 years old who participated in The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Community-based Cohort Study. Of these participants, we targeted 54,011 subjects (men: 20,505 women: 33,506 mean age: 59.9 years) who had information of BP, urinary Na and K. We estimated 24-h urinary excretion of Na and K using Tanaka formula. Urinary Na and K were each classified into quartiles (Na; Q1~Q4, K; Q1~Q4), and set all 16 groups of uNa/K ratio by combining Na and K respectively. To assess the relationship between casual uNa/K ratio and BP, we performed an analysis of covariance to calculate the adjusted mean systolic BP (SBP). We included covariate factors as age, sex, BMI and alcohol intake. We also assessed the relationship between uNa/K ratio and SBP using multiple regression analyses adjusted for covariate factors. We stratified the participants into two groups: ‘under treatment for hypertension’ (n=17,091) and ‘without treatment for hypertension (n=36,920)’. Results: The mean of uNa/K ratio for each group of Na (Q1)/K(Q1), Na (Q2)/K(Q2), Na (Q3)/K(Q3) and Na (Q4)/K(Q4) was all 4.0. As previous report showed, higher uNa/K ratio group showed higher SBP and lower uNa/K group showed lower BP. When we compared adjusted mean SBP of Na (Q1)/K(Q1) and Na (Q4)/K(Q4) the value were comparable, but the value were significantly higher in Na (Q4)/K(Q4) group (The adjusted mean SBP of Na (Q1)/K(Q1), Na (Q2)/K(Q2), Na (Q3)/K(Q3) and Na (Q4)/K(Q4) was 123.6, 124.9, 124.7 and 125.5 mmHg, respectively). The uNa/K was significantly positively associated with SBP independently of age, sex, BMI, and alcohol intake. The finding was unchanged the results in under treatment group. Conclusions: BP was significantly higher in high Na/ high K group than in low Na/ low K group even at the same uNa/K ratio. We suggested that not only increasing K intake but also reducing salt is important for preventing hypertension.

Blood Pressure and White Matter Hyperintensity Volume - A Review of the Relationship and Implications for Stroke Prediction and Prevention

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royya Modir ◽  
Hannah Gardener ◽  
Clinton B Wright ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Prediction And Prevention

A heavy burden of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) is a risk factor for stroke and vascular cognitive impairment making it important to understand their pathophysiology, aetiology and clinical implications. Ageing studies suggest a linear relationship between blood pressure (BP) and both WMH and microstructural integrity in normal-appearing white matter and, after age, hypertension is the strongest risk factor for WMH. Numerous large population-based observational studies have reported significant associations between elevated BP and WMH burden, however, the relative importance of systolic versus diastolic BP remains controversial. Limitations of prior studies include the use of only a single measurement of BP and oversimplifying hypertension as a dichotomous variable. Race/ethnic differences in the association between BP and WMH have been suggested, but most studies only included older Caucasians. Antihypertensive treatment has been demonstrated to slow WMH progression, but lowering BP in the elderly may also reduce brain perfusion in those with poor autoregulation. Ongoing trials aim to clarify the effects of BP treatment on WMH progression in multi-ethnic populations and the implications of these findings for stroke prevention require further study.

Correction of arterial hypertension in the young patients with obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
V. F Luk’janov ◽  
Yuri Mikhailovich Raigorodskiy ◽  
N. V Bolotova ◽  
N. V Posokhova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

The study included 90 patients with obesity I-III and arterial hypertension (AH) I of 16-30 years. Evaluated lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the condition of the autonomic nervous system, circadian blood pressure, pulse wave velocity in the aorta (PWV), and the effectiveness of the running magnetic field with the help of apparatus «MAGNETIC SIMPATOKOR» in order to reduce blood pressure (BP). The patients were divided into 2 groups: basic - 50 people who underwent magnetic simpatokorrektsiya and control - 40 people received placebo physiotherapy. According to a survey in the group allocated to two subgroups - 1A and 1B. Subgroup 1A amounted to 26 patients with hypersympathicotonia who at repeated definition SPV after simpatokorrektsii noted its significant reduction. In the subgroup 1B included 24 patients with a normal tone and parasimpatikotoniey who SPV has not changed much. After 6 months in patients subgroups 1A BP was on normal numbers, DBS remained at baseline values. In the subgroup 1B patients remained elevated blood pressure. The risk of developing hypertension in a subgroup 1A was 22% in the subgroup 1B - 80% or more. Sympathy correction using magnetic field exposure on the cervical sympathetic ganglion is an effective treatment and prevention of hypertension associated with increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

Poor blood pressure control in adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta and hypertension: a register-based study of associated factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1708-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rinnström ◽  
Mikael Dellborg ◽  
Ulf Thilén ◽  
Peder Sörensson ◽  
Niels-Erik Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Poor Blood Pressure Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractBackgroundArterial hypertension is common in adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta, and is associated with several severe complications.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of poorly controlled (⩾140/90 mmHg) blood pressure among patients with diagnosed hypertension and to identify associated factors.MethodsIn the national register for CHD, adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta and diagnosed hypertension – defined as a registry diagnosis and/or use of anti-hypertensive prescription medication – were identified. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with poorly controlled blood pressure.ResultsOf the 243 included patients, 27.2% were female, the mean age was 45.4±15.3 years, and 52.3% had poorly controlled blood pressure at the last registration. In a multivariable model, age (years) (OR 1.03, CI 1.01–1.06, p=0.008) was independently associated with poorly controlled blood pressure and so was systolic arm–leg blood pressure gradient in the ranges [10, 20] mmHg (OR 4.92, CI 1.76–13.79, p=0.002) to >20 mmHg (OR 9.93, CI 2.99–33.02, p<0.001), in comparison with the reference interval [0, 10] mmHg. Patients with poorly controlled blood pressure had, on average, more types of anti-hypertensive medication classes prescribed (1.9 versus 1.5, p=0.003).ConclusionsPoorly controlled blood pressure is common among patients with repaired coarctation of the aorta and diagnosed hypertension, despite what seems to be more intensive treatment. A systolic arm–leg blood pressure gradient is associated with poorly controlled blood pressure, even at low levels usually not considered for intervention, and may be an indicator of hypertension that is difficult to treat.

scholarly journals Justification of the model for improvement of activities for hypertension early diagnosis and prevention

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
V A Reshetnikov ◽  
V V Kozlov ◽  
V V Royuk ◽  
N O Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

Aim. To develop medical and organizational measures to optimize the early diagnosis and prevention of hypertension complications.Methods. A study of the hypertension incidence in population of Krasnogorsk city based on the analysis of report forms was performed. A questionnaire survey of 400 office workers of working age for the presence of high blood pressure was conducted.Results. It was found that, despite the downward trend in the prevalence and incidence of hypertension in population served by Krasnogorsk City Hospital №1, as well as the decrease in the relative frequency of hospital admissions of patients with hypertension in 2011-2015, mortality due to hypertension-related causes does not decrease. The results of the survey and blood pressure measurement in 400 office workers of working age have shown that only 30.8% of respondents regularly monitor the blood pressure, and women 3.5 times more often than men. In 14.5% of examined persons, who claimed that they have no high blood pressure, unstable blood pressure, in 19.1% - high blood pressure is detected.Conclusion. As an important measure for the early detection and correction of hypertension, the organization of units for measuring blood pressure at workplaces in organizations and institutions should be considered. Heads of organizations and institutions, in agreement and cooperation with the healthcare authorities, are recommended to organize units for measuring blood pressure at the personnel workplace and purchase devices for measuring blood pressure. Local healthcare authorities should organize trainings of the institutions personnel on self-measured blood pressure monitoring by means of collective actions involving volunteer health professionals in health centers, and in organizations and institutions, if possible.

scholarly journals Physicians’ assessment of the high blood pressure risk and their attitude towards the prevention of arterial hypertension

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
A. E. Manoylov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Hypertensive Crises ◽  
And Training

Aim. To study the physicians’ knowledge of the high blood pressure (BP) risk and to assess their attitude towards the prevention of arterial hypertension (AH). Material and methods. In total, 118 internal disease specialists from three Russian regions participated in an anonymous questionnaire survey on the knowledge of high BP risk and the attitude towards the prevention of AH and its complications. The mean age of participants (13 men and 105 women) was 46,53±11,64 years. The respondents’ answers were compared to the information in the current clinical AH guidelines. Results. More than one-half of the respondents demonstrated inadequate professional knowledge on prediction and prevention of AH complications. These physicians use the “traditional” disease model and do not consider elevated BP as a risk factor; predict the risk of AH complications using subjective complaints of their patients; do not realise the importance of the target organ damage (TOD) prevention; and limit their preventive strategy only to the prevention of hypertensive crises. Conclusion. The demonstrated attitude towards AH management could be a serious barrier for effective AH prevention. This group of physicians needs extensive education and training, in order to modify their attitude and to increase their commitment to preventive strategies.

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