scholarly journals IMMUNOSTIMULATING EFFECT OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES CONJUGATED WITH THE Yersinia enterocolitica ANTIGEN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. А. Staroverov ◽  
А. S. Fomin ◽  
K. P. Gabalov ◽  
S. V. Ivaschenko ◽  
V. E. Manieson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Causative Agents

Yersinia enterocolitica is the causative agent of yersiniosis, an acute infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Y. enterocolitica is one of the most common causative agents of nosocomial infections. The problem of intestinal yersiniosis caused by Y. enterocolitica is very relevant for medicine and veterinary medicine and requires the use of sero- and immunodiagnostics to identify the causative agent in humans, animals and animal products. One of the most popular nanocarriers of antigens used for immunization and vaccination are gold nanoparticles. The advantages of using gold nanoparticles as vaccine delivery vehicles are their relatively small size, which makes it easy to penetrate tissues, low toxicity and prolonged in vivo circulation, low cost, reproducibility. Currently, using gold nanoparticles, work is underway to create new diagnostic tests and vaccines against viral, bacterial, parasitic infections, including against bacteria of the genus Yersinia. The aim of the study was to study the use of gold nanoparticles as an immunomodulator for immunization and vaccination with an antigen isolated from Y. enterocolitica. The isolated Y. enterocolitica antigen was conjugated to 15 nm gold nanoparticles. The synthesized conjugate was used to immunize laboratory animals. The methods of immunochemical analysis determined the sensitivity and specificity of the antibodies obtained. To establish a protective effect, animals were vaccinated with antigen conjugates and comparison preparations. When animals were immunized with a conjugate of gold nanoparticles with Y. enterocolitica antigen, an antiserum was obtained that specifically recognizes yersiniosis proteins with molecular weights of ~ 35 and ~ 14 kDA in a blot analysis. A cross was detected with bacteria of the species Y. pseudotuberculosis and no cross with the cells of the bacteria of the intestinal group Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, which indicates the generic specificity of the antibodies obtained. To determine the protective effect, animals were vaccinated with antigen conjugates with gold nanoparticles and comparison preparations. Two weeks after the last vaccination, mice were injected intraperitoneally with a culture of the pathogenic strain Y. enterocolitica. The groups immunized with a conjugate of antigen with gold nanoparticles showed a survival rate of 70-80%, while the control mice all died. It was shown that conjugates of gold nanoparticles with a yersiniosis antigen have a higher immunomodulating activity compared to unconjugated antigen. The resulting antibodies can be used for effective immunodiagnosis of yersiniosis. Conjugates of gold nanoparticles with antigens of Y. enterocolitica can serve as the basis for creating a preventive vaccine.

LB Broth-lyophilized Rabbit Anti-sheep Cell Haemolysin as a Simple Culture Medium for Cultivation of Leishmania Major Promastigotes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Nasiri ◽  
Farnoosh Jameie ◽  
Habibollah Paykari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Genus Leishmania ◽  
Leishmania Parasites ◽  
Growth Ability

Background and Aims: The protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of various clinical diseases. Different methods of cultivation of Leishmania parasites are available. In the present study, the efficacy of the LB broth with rabbit lyophilized anti-sheep red blood cell haemolysin was evaluated in the cultivation of promastigotes of Leishmania major. Materials and Methods: Conventional LB broth medium was prepared and autoclaved for 15 min at 121°C and then lyophilized rabbit anti-sheep cell haemolysin was added at 1-10% final concentrations. The efficacy of the medium was evaluated by assessing the growth ability and replication patterns of the promastigotes of Leishmania major. Results: Medium with 1-10% lyophilized rabbit haemolysin supported the growth of the parasites and can be used for cultivation of Leishmania parasites with acceptable In vivo infectivity for research purpose. Conclusions: The ability of the parasites to survive and proliferate in the presence of lyophilized rabbit haemolysin indicates that this material is a good nutritional source. This study opens a new way to make low-cost medium that can be used in cultivation of Leishmania parasites

Prospects for the application of lignin containing sorbents in veterinary medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Anastasiya A. Moroz ◽  
◽  
Svetlana A. Schislenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
High Sorption Capacity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Acute Form

Vaccines against colibacillosis are mainly used, containing only one specific variant of pathogenic E. coli with a preventive purpose among the livestock of stationary dysfunctional farms in conditions of Krasnoyarsk region. For therapeutic purposes, veterinarians usually use wide range of antimicrobial preparations to combat outbreaks of gastrointestinal infections. Many researchers point to the high variability of E. coli bacteria. Use of such preparations, in addition to the formation of high resistance in opportunistic microorganisms to the latter, provoke the accumulation of antibacterial drugs in animal products. Authors conducted studies of the possibility of the practical use of lignin-containing sorbents for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in field of veterinary medicine in the period from 2001 to 2020. Authors proposed to use the residues after extraction, formed during the complex processing of larch bark, as an enterosorbent. Authors studied the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of enterosorbent from larch bark in case of gastrointestinal infections in experiments in vivo. It was found that the use of the sorbent for therapeutic purposes for 2 days ensured the safety of laboratory animals in the acute form of colibacillosis infection. Preservation was ensured by preventing the penetration of microbial toxins into the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. The prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the investigated type of enterosorbent is associated with angioprotective, antitoxic effects due to the high sorption capacity of the drugs.

Cyclosporin A: antiparasite drug, modulator of the host-parasite relationship and immunosuppressant

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 105 (S1) ◽  
pp. S25-S40 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Chappell ◽  
J. M. Wastling
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYCyclosporin A (CsA), a cyclic undecapeptide with powerful properties of immunosuppression, acts on parasitic infections in laboratory animals in various ways. The outcome of drug administrationin vivovaries with timing of treatment relative to infection, route of administration, dose and number of treatments applied. CsA is clearly antiparasitic against malaria, schistosomes, adult tapeworms, metacestodes and filarial nematodes. By contrast, it acts as an immunomodulator against trypanosomes andGiardia, by exacerbating infection; in the case ofLeishmaniaspp. the drug acts variously. In some other infections CsA acts both as an antiparasite drug and as an immunosuppressant (Toxoplasma, avian coccidiosis and gastrointestinal nematodes).

LB Broth-lyophilized Rabbit Anti-sheep Cell Haemolysin as a Simple Culture Medium for Cultivation of Leishmania Major Promastigotes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Nasiri ◽  
Farnoosh Jameie ◽  
Habibollah Paykari
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Replication Pattern ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Genus Leishmania ◽  
Growth Ability

Background and Aims: The protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of the various clinical diseases. Different methods of cultivation of Leishmanian parasites are available. In the present work, the efficacy of the LB broth with rabbit Lyophilized anti-Sheep RBC Haemolysin was evaluated in cultivation of promastigotes of Leishmania major. Material and Methods: conventional LB broth medium was prepared and autoclaved for 15 min at 121 °C and then lyophilized Rabbit anti-Sheep Cell Haemolysin was added at the 1-10% final concentrations. The efficacy of medium was evaluated by assessing the growth ability and replication pattern of the promastigotes of Leishmania major. Results: medium with 1-10% lyophilized Rabbit Haemolysin supported the growth of the parasites and can be used for cultivation of Leishmanian parasites with acceptable In vivo infectivity for research purpose. Conclusions: The ability of the parasites to survive and proliferating in the presence of lyophilized Rabbit Haemolysin indicating that this material a good nutritional source. This study opens a new way to make low- cost medium that could be used in cultivation of Leishmanian parasites.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial potential of Eucalyptus obliqua leaf methanolic extract against Plasmodium vivax: An in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1023-1028
Author(s):  
Shehzad Zareen ◽  
Shahid Niaz Khan ◽  
Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Sumbal Haleem ◽  
Rehman Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Parasitic Infections

Abstract Malaria is an intraerythrocytic parasitic disease caused by the genus Plasmodium of which Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are the major species. The high cost and associated side effects of antimalarial drugs triggered research about medicinal plants to develop alternative and low-cost drugs with lesser side effects. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the antiplasmodial activity of the Eucalyptus obliqua L’Hér. leaf extract against P. vivax and its phytochemicals in in vitro. The methanolic extract of E. obliqua was prepared and different concentrations of the crude extract and phytochemicals were used against P. vivax. The methanolic extract of E. obliqua showed profound antiplasmodial activity (LD50 0.084 mg/mL; 80.04%) at 0.1 mg/mL concentration after 24 h. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins were found in the E. obliqua methanolic extract. Only alkaloids at the concentration (0.1 mg/mL) exhibited 60.93% inhibition of P. vivax. The methanolic extract of E. obliqua exhibits antiplasmodial activity in vitro. However, in vivo efficacy is an important aspect in the testing of medicinal plants against parasitic infections and should be evaluated in future.

A technique for protecting delicate specimens during processing

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 982-983
Author(s):  
R.J. Mount ◽  
R.V. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Specimen Handling ◽  
Two Component

The sensory end organ of the ear, the organ of Corti, rests on a thin basilar membrane which lies between the bone of the central modiolus and the bony wall of the cochlea. In vivo, the organ of Corti is protected by the bony wall which totally surrounds it. In order to examine the sensory epithelium by scanning electron microscopy it is necessary to dissect away the protective bone and expose the region of interest (Fig. 1). This leaves the fragile organ of Corti susceptible to physical damage during subsequent handling. In our laboratory cochlear specimens, after dissection, are routinely prepared by the O-T- O-T-O technique, critical point dried and then lightly sputter coated with gold. This processing involves considerable specimen handling including several hours on a rotator during which the organ of Corti is at risk of being physically damaged. The following procedure uses low cost, readily available materials to hold the specimen during processing ,preventing physical damage while allowing an unhindered exchange of fluids.Following fixation, the cochlea is dehydrated to 70% ethanol then dissected under ethanol to prevent air drying. The holder is prepared by punching a hole in the flexible snap cap of a Wheaton vial with a paper hole punch. A small amount of two component epoxy putty is well mixed then pushed through the hole in the cap. The putty on the inner cap is formed into a “cup” to hold the specimen (Fig. 2), the putty on the outside is smoothed into a “button” to give good attachment even when the cap is flexed during handling (Fig. 3). The cap is submerged in the 70% ethanol, the bone at the base of the cochlea is seated into the cup and the sides of the cup squeezed with forceps to grip it (Fig.4). Several types of epoxy putty have been tried, most are either soluble in ethanol to some degree or do not set in ethanol. The only putty we find successful is “DUROtm MASTERMENDtm Epoxy Extra Strength Ribbon” (Loctite Corp., Cleveland, Ohio), this is a blue and yellow ribbon which is kneaded to form a green putty, it is available at many hardware stores.

Protective Effect of Boswellic Resin Against Memory Loss and Alzheimer’s Induced by Aluminum Tetrachloride and D-Galactose (Experimental study in Mice)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zerrouki ◽  
N. Djebli ◽  
L. Gadouche ◽  
I. Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. SezerSenol Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Octyl Acetate

Nowadays, because of the industrialization, a lot of contaminant were available ; the consequences of this availability are apparition of diseases including neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain comprise a variety of disorders that affect an increasing percentage of the population. This study is based on the effect of the Boswellic resin, which is from a medicinal plant and known for its antioxidant effects on nerve cell damage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Boswellic resin on anticholinesterase activity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by D-galactose and aluminum tetrachloride in Swiss mice. Chemical composition of the resin essential oil was identified by the CG-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was also assessed by the DMPD and metal chelation methods. In order to understand the mechanism of memory improvement, the acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE, inhibitory assays were performed. In vivo part of the study was achieved on Swiss mice divided into four groups: control, AD model, treated AD, and treated control group. The identification of chemical composition by CG-MS reach the 89.67% of the total extract compounds presented some very important molecules (p-Cymene, n-Octyl acetate, α-Pinene…). The present study proves that Boswellic resin improves memory and learning in treated Alzheimer’s group, modulates the oxidative stress and be involved in the protective effect against amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration, and stimulates the immune system in mice’s brain.

Dosimetry and Radioenhancement Comparison of Gold Nanoparticles in Kilovoltage and Megavoltage Radiotherapy using MAGAT Polymer Gel Dosimeter

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2Apr) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Farahani ◽  
N Riyahi Alam ◽  
S Haghgoo ◽  
M Khoobi ◽  
Gh Geraily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
External Radiotherapy ◽  
Dose Enhancement ◽  
Internal Radiotherapy ◽  
Boost Radiotherapy

Background: Numerous unique characteristics of the nanosized gold, including high atomic number, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility make it one of the most appropriate nanostructures to boost radiotherapy efficacy. Many in-vivo and in-vitro investigations have indicated that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can significantly increase tumor injuries in low kilovoltage radiotherapy. While deep-lying tumors require much higher energy levels with greater penetration power, and investigations carried out in megavoltage energy range show contradictory results.Objective: In this study, we quantitatively assess and compare dose enhancement factors (DEFs) obtained through AuNPs under radiation of Cobalt-60 source (1.25MeV) versus Iridium-192 source (0.380 KeV) using MAGAT gel dosimeter.Material and Methods: MAGAT polymer gel in both pure and combined with 0.2 mM AuNPs was synthesized. In order to quantify the effect of energy on DEF, irradiation was carried out by Co-60 external radiotherapy and Ir-192 internal radiotherapy. Finally, readings of irradiated and non-irradiated gels were performed by MR imaging.Result: The radiation-induced R2 (1/T2) changes of the gel tubes doped with AuNPs compared to control samples, upon irradiation of beams released by Ir-192 source showed a significant dose enhancement (15.31% ±0.30) relative to the Co-60 external radiotherapy (5.85% ±0.14).Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests the feasibility of using AuNPs in radiation therapy (RT), especially in low-energy sources of brachytherapy. In addition, MAGAT polymer gel, as a powerful dosimeter, could be used for 3D visualization of radiation dose distribution of AuNPs in radiotherapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document