Prospects for the application of lignin containing sorbents in veterinary medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Anastasiya A. Moroz ◽  
◽  
Svetlana A. Schislenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
High Sorption Capacity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Acute Form

Vaccines against colibacillosis are mainly used, containing only one specific variant of pathogenic E. coli with a preventive purpose among the livestock of stationary dysfunctional farms in conditions of Krasnoyarsk region. For therapeutic purposes, veterinarians usually use wide range of antimicrobial preparations to combat outbreaks of gastrointestinal infections. Many researchers point to the high variability of E. coli bacteria. Use of such preparations, in addition to the formation of high resistance in opportunistic microorganisms to the latter, provoke the accumulation of antibacterial drugs in animal products. Authors conducted studies of the possibility of the practical use of lignin-containing sorbents for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in field of veterinary medicine in the period from 2001 to 2020. Authors proposed to use the residues after extraction, formed during the complex processing of larch bark, as an enterosorbent. Authors studied the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of enterosorbent from larch bark in case of gastrointestinal infections in experiments in vivo. It was found that the use of the sorbent for therapeutic purposes for 2 days ensured the safety of laboratory animals in the acute form of colibacillosis infection. Preservation was ensured by preventing the penetration of microbial toxins into the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. The prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the investigated type of enterosorbent is associated with angioprotective, antitoxic effects due to the high sorption capacity of the drugs.

scholarly journals A Toxic Environment: a Growing Understanding of How Microbial Communities Affect Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga Toxin Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Nawrocki ◽  
Hillary M. Mosso ◽  
Edward G. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lambdoid Prophage

ABSTRACT Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains, including E. coli O157:H7, cause severe illness in humans due to the production of Shiga toxin (Stx) and other virulence factors. Because Stx is coregulated with lambdoid prophage induction, its expression is especially susceptible to environmental cues. Infections with Stx-producing E. coli can be difficult to model due to the wide range of disease outcomes: some infections are relatively mild, while others have serious complications. Probiotic organisms, members of the gut microbiome, and organic acids can depress Stx production, in many cases by inhibiting the growth of EHEC strains. On the other hand, the factors currently known to amplify Stx act via their effect on the stx-converting phage. Here, we characterize two interactive mechanisms that increase Stx production by O157:H7 strains: first, direct interactions with phage-susceptible E. coli, and second, indirect amplification by secreted factors. Infection of susceptible strains by the stx-converting phage can expand the Stx-producing population in a human or animal host, and phage infection has been shown to modulate virulence in vitro and in vivo. Acellular factors, particularly colicins and microcins, can kill O157:H7 cells but may also trigger Stx expression in the process. Colicins, microcins, and other bacteriocins have diverse cellular targets, and many such molecules remain uncharacterized. The identification of additional Stx-amplifying microbial interactions will improve our understanding of E. coli O157:H7 infections and help elucidate the intricate regulation of pathogenicity in EHEC strains.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of SM-216601, a New Broad-Spectrum Parenteral Carbapenem

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 4185-4196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Ueda ◽  
Katsunori Kanazawa ◽  
Ken Eguchi ◽  
Koji Takemoto ◽  
Yoshiro Eriguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multiresistant Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT SM-216601 is a novel parenteral 1β-methylcarbapenem. In agar dilution susceptibility testing, the MIC of SM-216601 for 90% of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains tested (MIC90) was 2 μg/ml, which was comparable to those of vancomycin and linezolid. SM-216601 was also very potent against Enterococcus faecium, including vancomycin-resistant strains (MIC90 = 8 μg/ml). SM-216601 exhibited potent activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, with MIC90s of less than 0.5 μg/ml, and intermediate activity against Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The therapeutic efficacy of SM-216601 against experimentally induced infections in mice caused by S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa reflected its in vitro activity and plasma level. Thus, SM-216601 is a promising candidate for nosocomial bacterial infections caused by a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including multiresistant pathogens.

scholarly journals IMMUNOSTIMULATING EFFECT OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES CONJUGATED WITH THE Yersinia enterocolitica ANTIGEN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. А. Staroverov ◽  
А. S. Fomin ◽  
K. P. Gabalov ◽  
S. V. Ivaschenko ◽  
V. E. Manieson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Causative Agents

Yersinia enterocolitica is the causative agent of yersiniosis, an acute infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Y. enterocolitica is one of the most common causative agents of nosocomial infections. The problem of intestinal yersiniosis caused by Y. enterocolitica is very relevant for medicine and veterinary medicine and requires the use of sero- and immunodiagnostics to identify the causative agent in humans, animals and animal products. One of the most popular nanocarriers of antigens used for immunization and vaccination are gold nanoparticles. The advantages of using gold nanoparticles as vaccine delivery vehicles are their relatively small size, which makes it easy to penetrate tissues, low toxicity and prolonged in vivo circulation, low cost, reproducibility. Currently, using gold nanoparticles, work is underway to create new diagnostic tests and vaccines against viral, bacterial, parasitic infections, including against bacteria of the genus Yersinia. The aim of the study was to study the use of gold nanoparticles as an immunomodulator for immunization and vaccination with an antigen isolated from Y. enterocolitica. The isolated Y. enterocolitica antigen was conjugated to 15 nm gold nanoparticles. The synthesized conjugate was used to immunize laboratory animals. The methods of immunochemical analysis determined the sensitivity and specificity of the antibodies obtained. To establish a protective effect, animals were vaccinated with antigen conjugates and comparison preparations. When animals were immunized with a conjugate of gold nanoparticles with Y. enterocolitica antigen, an antiserum was obtained that specifically recognizes yersiniosis proteins with molecular weights of ~ 35 and ~ 14 kDA in a blot analysis. A cross was detected with bacteria of the species Y. pseudotuberculosis and no cross with the cells of the bacteria of the intestinal group Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, which indicates the generic specificity of the antibodies obtained. To determine the protective effect, animals were vaccinated with antigen conjugates with gold nanoparticles and comparison preparations. Two weeks after the last vaccination, mice were injected intraperitoneally with a culture of the pathogenic strain Y. enterocolitica. The groups immunized with a conjugate of antigen with gold nanoparticles showed a survival rate of 70-80%, while the control mice all died. It was shown that conjugates of gold nanoparticles with a yersiniosis antigen have a higher immunomodulating activity compared to unconjugated antigen. The resulting antibodies can be used for effective immunodiagnosis of yersiniosis. Conjugates of gold nanoparticles with antigens of Y. enterocolitica can serve as the basis for creating a preventive vaccine.

Isolated hemoperfused heart model of slaughterhouse pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Modersohn ◽  
S. Eddicks ◽  
C. Grosse-Siestrup ◽  
I. Ast ◽  
S. Holinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Balloon Catheters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infusion Of Norepinephrine

A model of hemoperfused slaughterhouse pighearts is described providing a wide range of applications which leads to a reduction in animal experiments. The size of a pigheart, heart rate, coronary perfusion, metabolism, etc. are more comparable to conditions in patients than those in hearts of small laboratory animals. Global heart function can be assessed either by measuring stroke volume, ejection fraction, Emaxetc. in the working model or by measuring intraventricular pressure with balloon catheters in the isovolumetric model. Regional cardiac function can be measured by sonomicrometry and ischemic and non-ischemic areas can be compared. Local metabolic changes are measurable as well with microdialysis. Cardiac function can be kept on any given functional level by infusion of norepinephrine in spite of the fact that functional parameters are lower without adrenergic drive in vitro than in vivo. Stable heart function can be maintained for several hours with only 500 to 1000 ml of blood because the blood is permanently regenerated by a special dialysis system. This model can be applied in many research projects dealing with reperfusion injuries, inotropic, antiarrhythmic or arrhythmogenic effects of certain drugs, immunological rejection, evaluation of imaging systems (NMR, echocardiography etc.) or cardiac assist devices.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Liposome-Based Veterinary Therapeutics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Sadozai ◽  
Dorsa Saeidi
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Circulation Time ◽  
Phospholipid Vesicles ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent advances in nanomedicine have been studied in the veterinary field and have found a wide variety of applications. The past decade has witnessed a massive surge of research interest in liposomes for delivery of therapeutic substances in animals. Liposomes are nanosized phospholipid vesicles that can serve as delivery platforms for a wide range of substances. Liposomes are easily formulated, highly modifiable, and easily administered delivery platforms. They are biodegradable and nontoxic and have long in vivo circulation time. This review focuses on recent and ongoing research that may have relevance for veterinary medicine. By examining the recent developments in liposome-based therapeutics in animal cancers, vaccines, and analgesia, this review depicts the current significance and future directions of liposome-based delivery in veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Translational Research in Oncology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Felicia Fiordelisi ◽  
Carlo Cavaliere ◽  
Luigi Auletta ◽  
Luca Basso ◽  
Marco Salvatore
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Wide Range

The translation of results from the preclinical to the clinical setting is often anything other than straightforward. Indeed, ideas and even very intriguing results obtained at all levels of preclinical research, i.e., in vitro, on animal models, or even in clinical trials, often require much effort to validate, and sometimes, even useful data are lost or are demonstrated to be inapplicable in the clinic. In vivo, small-animal, preclinical imaging uses almost the same technologies in terms of hardware and software settings as for human patients, and hence, might result in a more rapid translation. In this perspective, magnetic resonance imaging might be the most translatable technique, since only in rare cases does it require the use of contrast agents, and when not, sequences developed in the lab can be readily applied to patients, thanks to their non-invasiveness. The wide range of sequences can give much useful information on the anatomy and pathophysiology of oncologic lesions in different body districts. This review aims to underline the versatility of this imaging technique and its various approaches, reporting the latest preclinical studies on thyroid, breast, and prostate cancers, both on small laboratory animals and on human patients, according to our previous and ongoing research lines.

scholarly journals Global query on bacterial sirtuin CobB interactants reveals crosstalk with PRPP synthase Prs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata M. Walter ◽  
Joanna Morcinek-Orłowska ◽  
Aneta Szulc ◽  
Andrew L. Lovering ◽  
Manuel Banzhaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Nad Metabolism ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nad Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractProtein lysine acetylation regulates a wide range of cellular functions. It is controlled by a family of NAD-dependent protein deacetylases called sirtuins. In eukaryotes, sirtuins activity is coupled to spatiotemporally-controlled NAD+ level, whereas the mechanism of their regulation in bacteria is less clear. E. coli possesses a single sirtuin – CobB. However, it is unclear how CobB activity is coupled to NAD+ metabolism. In this work we show that this coordination is achieved in E. coli cells through a CobB interaction with PRPP synthase Prs, an enzyme necessary for NAD+ synthesis. Employing global analysis of protein-protein interactions formed by CobB, we demonstrate that it forms a stable complex with Prs. This assembly stimulates CobB deacetylase activity and partially protects it from inhibition by nicotinamide. We provide evidence that Prs acetylation is not necessary for CobB binding but affects the global acetylome in vivo. Our results show that CobB ameliorates Prs activity under conditions of Prs cofactors deficiency. Therefore, we propose that CobB-Prs crosstalk orchestrates the NAD+ metabolism and protein acetylation in response to environmental cues.

scholarly journals Novel and highly efficient functionalized bentonite for elimination of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 210355-0
Author(s):  
Ralte Malsawmdawngzela ◽  
Lalhmunsiama ◽  
Diwakar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Background Electrolyte ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
High Sorption Capacity ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
The Common ◽  
Coexisting Ions ◽  
Apparent Equilibrium

The aim of this study was to synthesize novel and highly efficient functionalized material (BNMPTS) for selective elimination of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> from aqueous waste. The detailed insights of solid/solution interactions were investigated by X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses. The grafting of silane caused for significant decrease in specific surface area of bentonite from 41.14 to 4.65 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The functionalized material possessed significantly high sorption capacity (12.59 mg/g for Cu<sup>2+</sup> and 13.19 mg/g for Cd<sup>2+</sup>) and selectivity for these cations. The material showed very high elimination efficiency at a wide range of pH ~2.0 to 7.0 for Cu<sup>2+</sup>, ~3.0 to 10.0 for Cd<sup>2+</sup> and concentration (1.0 to 25.0 mg/L) for Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup>. A rapid uptake of these two cations achieved an apparent equilibrium within 60 minutes of contact. The increased level of background electrolyte concentrations (0.0001 to 0.1 mol/L) did not affect the elimination efficiency of these two cations by BNMPTS. Moreover, the common coexisting ions did not inhibit the removal of these toxic ions. Furthermore, high breakthrough volumes i.e., 1.4 and 3.69 L for Cu<sup>2+</sup>, 2.6 and 6.64 L for Cd<sup>2+</sup> was obtained using 0.25 and 0.50 g of BNMPTS respectively in a fixed-bed column operations.

scholarly journals Preclinical in vivo Neurotoxicity Studies of Drug Candidates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
N. V. Eremina ◽  
L. G. Kolik ◽  
R. U. Ostrovskaya ◽  
A. D. Durnev
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects

Neurotoxic effects are one of the common reasons for discontinuation of preclinical and/or clinical studies. Preclinical evaluation of neurotoxic effects is complicated due to a wide range of manifestations and degrees of severity. Current experimental approaches to neurotoxicity assessment are cumbersome, laborious and not adapted enough for preclinical studies in the early stages of drug development. The aim of the study was to review existing approaches to experimental assessment of neurotoxic potential of new drugs and to discuss the need for and feasibility of developing and using integrated rapid neurotoxicity tests for early assessment of a pharmacological project’s potential. The authors reviewed scientific literature and guidance documents and analysed current approaches to chemical compound neurotoxicity assessment in laboratory animals. The paper analyses the main issues of neurotoxicity assessment for new drugs and compares Irwin tests with the functional observation battery. It analyses issues related to assessment of drugs’ effects on the development and maturation of central nervous system functions at pre- and postnatal stages. It was determined that the current practice is not sufficient for assessment of potential adverse effects on cognitive functions. The authors assessed factors affecting cognitive functions of rodents during studies. The “Acute suppression of the exploratory and orientation response” and “Extrapolation escape task” tests were proposed for validation as potential rapid tests for detection of an array of organic and functional neurotoxic disorders at early stages of preclinical studies.

scholarly journals Analytical kinetic model of native tandem promoters in E. coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vatsala Chauhan ◽  
Mohamed Nasurudeen Mohamed Bahrudeen ◽  
Cristina Santos Dias Palma ◽  
Ines S. C. Baptista ◽  
Bilena Lima de Brito Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Transcription Start Sites ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Promoter Occupancy

Closely spaced promoters in tandem formation are abundant in bacteria. We investigated the evolutionary conservation, biological functions, and the RNA and single-cell protein expression of genes regulated by tandem promoters in E. coli. We also studied the sequence (distance between transcription start sites 'dTSS', pause sequences, and distances from oriC) and potential influence of the input transcription factors of these promoters. From this, we propose an analytical model of gene expression based on measured expression dynamics, where RNAP-promoter occupancy times and dTSS are the key regulators of transcription interference due to TSS occlusion by RNAP at one of the promoters (when dTSS ≤ 35 bp) and RNAP occupancy of the downstream promoter (when dTSS > 35 bp). Occlusion and downstream promoter occupancy are modeled as linear functions of occupancy time, while the influence of dTSS is implemented by a continuous step function, fit to in vivo data on mean single-cell protein numbers of 30 natural genes controlled by tandem promoters. The best-fitting step is at 35 bp, matching the length of DNA occupied by RNAP in the open complex formation. This model accurately predicts the squared coefficient of variation and skewness of the natural single-cell protein numbers as a function of dTSS. Additional predictions suggest that promoters in tandem formation can cover a wide range of transcription dynamics within realistic intervals of parameter values. By accurately capturing the dynamics of these promoters, this model can be helpful to predict the dynamics of new promoters and contribute to the expansion of the repertoire of expression dynamics available to synthetic genetic constructs.

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